estrogen concentration
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yong Ban ◽  
Zhaolin Sun ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
Guangheng Luo

Abstract Background: Currently, there are relatively few studies on the effects of changes in estrogen and androgen levels on prostatic MVD.This article aimed to study the changes of prostatic MVD in SD rats after castration under the effect of estrogen/androgen at different concentrations.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats aged 3-4 months were randomly divided into the control group, castration group, and different concentrations of estrogen/ androgen treatment after castration. Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) and estradiol(E) were administered daily by subcutaneous injection for one month. All the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after one month, and the serum DHT and E concentrations of the rats in each group were measured by ELISA assay. Prostate tissues specimens were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal antibodies against CD-34 and factor VIII for the MVD.Results: Compared with the control group, the MVD decreased significantly in the castration group (P<0.05). When the exogenous E concentration was constant, in general, the MVD of rats in all the groups increased with the increase of exogenous DHT concentration; Among them, compared with the castration group, the MVD increased significantly in the E0.05+DHT0.015 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.05 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.15 mg/kg group, E0.05+DHT0.5 mg/kg group, and E0.05+DHT1.5 mg/kg group (P<0.05). In addition, when the exogenous DHT concentration was constant, the MVD increased with the increase of exogenous E concentration in all the groups; Among them, compared with the control and castration group, the MVD increased significantly in the DHT0.15+E0.015 mg/kg group, DHT0.15+E0.15 mg/kg group, and DHT0.15+E0.5 mg/kg group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Androgens carried an important role in the regulation of prostatic MVD in SD rats, and the decrease of DHT concentration can induce a decrease in prostatic MVD. In contrast, prostatic MVD can be increased with the increase of DHT concentration. In addition, prostatic MVD can be increased gradually with the increase of estrogen concentration.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Iriani Setyawati ◽  
Ni Nyoman Wirasiti ◽  
Luh Putu Eswaryanti Kusuma Yuni

Calliandra calothyrsus Meissn. leaf extract is potential as phytoestrogens. It influenced male mice reproduction, rat estrous cycle, and ovarian histology in previous study. This research aimed to prove the C. calothyrsus leaf extract potential as phytoestrogen source and the effect on endometrial thickness where the embryo implantation take place in early pregnancy. This study used a Completely Randomized Design used 54 days old female rats (Rattus norvegicus). Rats were divided into K as control group (treated with 0.5% Na-CMC as placebo) and P1, P2, and P3 as three groups with C. calothyrsus leaf extract administration with doses of 17.5; 35; and 70 mg/ kg bw respectively. Treatments were given 1 ml/rat/day orally for 20 days. At day 21st, animals were euthanized to collect blood samples for estrogen hormone analysis. After the dissection, all uterus were collected and weighed. Histological preparation was done with paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The effective dose was 70 mg/ kg bw that did not decrease the weight of the uterus and the body. This dose even maintained the normal diameter and thickness of uterine walls (endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium layers) like control rats. The extract in this study could increase estrogen concentration in female rats. This research novelty is that C. calothyrsus leaf extract (70 mg/ kg bw) can be used as an alternative herbal suplement to maintain uterine wall thickness and estrogen concentration in productive women. With further clinical research, this extract is a good candidate as potential estrogen source to overcome women infertility or pregnancy difficulties due to problem of endometrial thickness and lack of endogenous estrogen.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vo. Wolff ◽  
I Magaton ◽  
O Stalder ◽  
D Surbek ◽  
P Stute ◽  
...  

Abstract Study question What is the best follicle size, estradiol (E2) serum concentration and endometrial thickness to trigger ovulation in natural cycles? Summary answer Optimal follicles size is 18–22mm but estrogen concentration also need to be considered to maximize oocyte maturity and to minimize premature LH surge. What is known already Timing of the ovulation triggering is essential in infertility treatments based on natural menstrual cycles such as optimized vaginal intercourse, intrauterine inseminations and thawing cycles without hormone replacement therapy. Common parameters to define the day of ovulation triggering are the follicle size and the estrogen concentration. However, data on follicle size and estrogen concentration are either derived from longitudinal evaluations of few ideal participants, are not very detailed or were studied in stimulated cycles. The model of Natural Cycle IVF (NC-IVF) which provides more detailed information has never been used to study this issue. Study design, size, duration Retrospective cross sectional analysis of monofollicular NC-IVF cycles. Follicle size, E2 and LH serum concentrations and endometrial thickness were evaluated on day –5 to 0 (day 0 = day of aspiration). Ovulation was triggered with 5.000IE HCG 36h before aspiration if follicle size was 14–22mm. Patients with irregular cycles, endometriosis &gt;II°, cycles with azoospermia or cryptozoospermia and with inconsistent data were excluded. 606 cycles from 290 women were analysed from 2016 to 2019. Participants/materials, setting, methods Mean age of women undergoing NC-IVF was 35.8±4.0y, median 36y [IQ-range: 34;39]. Each woman performed mean 2.1±1.4, median: 2 [IQ-range: 1–3] NC-IVF cycles at an university based IVF center. All parameters were analysed inter and intraindividually and associations were adjusted for maturity of oocyte, zygote development rate, embryo score, implantation rate and live birth rate. Associations were adjusted for age, cause of infertility and number of previous transfers. Main results and the role of chance Follicle size, E2 concentration and endometrial thickness increased constantly over time. The increase was computed for each cycle without considering any correlation intra patient, revealing an increase of follicle size by 1.04±0.64mm, an increase of E2 concentration by 167.3±76.8pmol/L and endometrial thickness by 0.69±0.59mm per day. Based on a multivariate adjusted model with follicle size, E2 and their interaction, number of retrieved oocytes was associated with E2 concentration (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 1.05–3.11; p = 0.034). Maturity of oocytes was associated not only with E2 concentration (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.15–2.94; p = 0.010) but also with follicle size (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.53; p = 0.037) and so was also the interaction of both parameters (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.94–0.99; p = 0.017). LH surge was calculated to start in 25% of cases at an E2 level of 545 pmol/l, in 50% of cases at 907pmol/l and in 75% of cases at an E2 level of 1531pmol/l. Live birth rate in cycles with follicles size 14–17 mm was 2.2–3.5% per initiated cycle and in cycles with follicle size 18–22mm 8.5–12.5%. Limitations, reasons for caution Cross sectional studies provides less precise information than longitudinal studies. Follicle size and endometrial thickness were evaluated by several physicians possibly causing some imprecision. Wider implications of the findings: There is a trend towards natural treatment cycles. The study contribute to an optimisation of infertility treatments involving natural cycles. The study gives guidance about the number of days required after a follicle monitoring to reach the optimal time for triggering ovulation. Trial registration number Not applicable


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hermes ◽  
Folko Balfanz ◽  
Simone Haderthauer ◽  
Eveline Dungl ◽  
Thomas B. Hildebrandt ◽  
...  

Despite a profound knowledge on reproduction biology in greater one-horned (GOH) rhinoceros, many individuals cope with sub or infertility or an-ovulatory estrous. At the same time, early and regular captive breeding is of high importance in female GOH rhinoceros due to their high prevalence to develop genital tract tumors with consequent cessation of reproduction. Thus, mature, an-ovulatory GOH rhinoceros represent a challenge for captive breeding programs and warrant for means of reliable ovulation induction. Here, we used hCG and GnRH analog histrelin to induce ovulation in an-ovulatory GOH rhinoceros. Upon ultrasound diagnosis of a preovulatory follicle hCG or GnRH were injected to induce ovulation (n = 11). As a result, 75% of the hCG (n = 6/8) and 33% of GnRH (n = 1/3) inductions resulted in ovulation. Ovulation occurred when fecal estrogen concentration increased before and pregnane concentration after induction. Thirty-six percent of all treatments (n = 4/11) failed to induce ovulation. When ovulation induction by hCG/GnRH injection failed, estrogen and pregnane concentrations were significantly lower compared to ovulatory estrous (P &lt; 0.001). Our results suggest that hCG and GnRH analog facilitate an easily applicable treatment to induce ovulation in females with behavioral but at times an-ovulatory estrous. Frequent use of hCG as an ovulation inducer might help to achieve pregnancies in genetically important but an-ovulatory GOH rhinoceroses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 16469-16477
Author(s):  
Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira Braga ◽  
Cristiane Schilbach Pizzutto ◽  
Derek Andrew Rosenfield ◽  
Priscila Viau Furtado ◽  
Cláudio A. Oliveira ◽  
...  

Abstract: With the intent to evaluate the efficiency of a contraceptive treatment for cyclic ovarian suppression in African Lionesses Panthera leo using a Gonadotrophin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist bioimplant, noninvasive fecal steroid assay associated with the observation of the behavioral estrus were employed for a period of 36 months.  Five captive adult females, maintained with a vasectomized male, subcutaneously received a 9.4mg deslorelin acetate implant.  The treatment initially stimulated behavioral estrus along with ovarian activity, demonstrated by an estrogen increase in two lionesses.  A rise in progesterone concentration in two other animals suggested possible treatment-induced ovulation.  After the initial period, deslorelin prevented ovarian activity for at least 22 months.  Two females exhibited signs of behavioral estrus after 22 and 31 months.  A third lioness with an increased estrogen concentration did not exhibit behavioral estrus signs or a consequent progesterone surge until 33 months after implantation, suggesting a possible resumption of ovarian activity.  One female did not exhibit any behavioral estrus signs nor a rise in steroid levels after the “treatment-induced” estrus throughout the entire experiment (36 months).  One lioness died after 15 months without exhibiting signs of estrus or an increased progesterone level, however, the estrogen concentration increased 12 months post-implantation, suggesting resumed ovarian activity.  The study showed that long-term treatment with a GnRH agonist can be extremely effective as a contraceptive treatment in African lionesses, however, the duration of contraception may vary among individuals and may bear the risk of permanent loss of normal ovarian activity.  


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. NP613-NP618
Author(s):  
Bilsev Ince ◽  
Munur Selcuk Kendir ◽  
Ibrahim Kilinc ◽  
Mustafa Cihat Avunduk ◽  
Mehmet Dadaci ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Although some studies in the literature report that autologous and homologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be employed in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (AGA), no study, to the authors’ knowledge, has examined the estrogen concentration of prepared PRP. Objectives The authors aimed to determine the presence of estrogen in PRP and to investigate the effect of estrogen concentration of PRP on AGA treatment. Methods Between 2017 and 2018, 30 male patients with hair loss complaints were included in this prospective study. Autologous PRP was injected in patients in Group 1. Homologous PRP with high estrogen levels was injected in the patients in Group 2. PRP was injected in both groups 4 times at 0, 1, 3, and 6 months. The obtained photographs were evaluated and hair densities of each patient at controls were calculated. Results The mean estrogen level measured in PRP was statistically significantly higher in Group 2. In both groups, the increase in hair density was observed from the first month, but this increase was statistically significantly higher in all controls in Group 2. In Group 2, there was a statistically significant increase in the 1st and 3rd months compared with the previous control, but there was no difference between the 6th and 12th months and the 3rd month. Conclusions Increased hair density is greater and earlier in the group receiving estrogen-rich PRP than in the group utilizing autologous PRP. The authors think that estrogen-rich PRP may be employed in the treatment of AGA in the presence of an appropriate donor. Level of Evidence: 2


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