HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN BEEF CATTLE DIETS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. JAMES CROOM Jr. ◽  
R. W. HARVEY ◽  
M. FROETSCHEL ◽  
A. C. LINNERUD
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Finishing Steers

Trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of adding elevated levels of NaCl and limestone to the diet of fattening beef steers as a means of improving feedlot performance. In Trial 1, 24 Hereford steers were fed high grain diets containing 0.5% (control), 3%, 5%, or 7% NaCl for 126 days. Growth and feed efficiency were not affected by level of NaCl, although feed intakes, organic matter intakes and carcass weights were reduced at the 7% level as compared with the control. Acetate to propionate ratio increased from 1.9 to 2.8 (P < 0.05) with NaCl supplementation while fecal starch tended to increase from 10.3% to 18.7% (P < 0.12). In Trial 2, 24 steers were fed finishing diets containing 0.5% NaCl (control), 2% limestone, 5% NaCl or 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone for 119 days. Steers consuming 5% NaCl or 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone showed 7.4% and 8.9% increases (P < 0.05) in efficiency of organic matter utilization over those fed the control diet. Addition of limestone to the 5% NaCl diet did not markedly increase performance over that seen with NaCl supplementation alone. Similar to Trail 1, fecal starch concentrations tended to increase (P < 0.10) in diets containing NaCl regardless of limestone supplementation. Use of 5% NaCl in the diet of finishing steers may be useful in increasing feed efficiency. Key words: Beef cattle, sodium chloride, high grain

MONENSIN, CHLORTETRACYCLINE AND TYLOSIN EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE AND DIGESTION IN LAMBS FED A GROUND ALFALFA DIET

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Supplementing a control diet of ground alfalfa (CON) with monensin (MON), chlortetracycline (CTC) or tylosin (TYL) did not affect (P < 0.05) dry matter intake or average daily gain of market lambs. Feed efficiency with CTC was less than with the unsupplemented control (CON) (6.22 vs. 5.68) (P < 0.05). Mean digestibilities of dry matter, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P < 0.05) with all antibiotic treatments than the CON diet. Relative to CON, nitrogen digestibility was increased with MON (66.3 vs. 70.9%) while that of energy was reduced with TYL (P < 0.05). Rumen ammonia and acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations were not influenced by any of the treatments. MON, CTC and TYL were not effective supplements for lambs fed alfalfa finishing diets. Key words: lamb, chlortetracycline, monensin, tylosin, alfalfa hay, digestibility

STUDIES ON THE FEEDING VALUE OF Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. HAY FOR BEEF CATTLE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. COHEN ◽  
A. D. IWAASA ◽  
M. E. MANN ◽  
E. COXWORTH ◽  
J. A. KERNAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Intake, digestibility, nitrogen retention and the effects of 2.6% soluble oxalates in the dry matter (DM) of kochia (Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.) were examined when beef steers were fed rations varying from 100 to 0% kochia hay and 100 - 0% bromegrass (Bromus inermis Lyess.)/alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay. Plasma Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu concentrations were normal and not affected by supplementation with CaCO3. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) of kochia (55.4%) was less (P < 0.05) than that of the bromegrass/alfalfa hay (61.3%). However, in a second trial, OMD was not influenced if kochia was included at up to 60% of the ration. In a third trial, DM intake remained constant until 60% kochia was present in the ration but was reduced (P < 0.01), even with careful adaptation, when kochia exceeded 60% of the diet. Nitrogen retention declined (P < 0.05) as the proportion of kochia in the ration increased and was negligible at 100% kochia. Key words: Kochia, digestibility, intake, nitrogen retention, plasma minerals, cattle (beef)

GROWTH AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN STEERS FED HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND LIMESTONE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. CROOM Jr. ◽  
R. W. HARVEY ◽  
D. M. AMARAL ◽  
J. W. SPEARS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Key Words Sodium ◽  
Total Gain

Sixty-four yearling steers were fed a fattening diet plus 0.5% NaCl (control), 2% limestone, 5% NaCl, or 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone. Feeding 5% NaCl and 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone resulted in decreased total gain (P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01) and carcass weight (P < 0.05) while 5% NaCl decreased the efficiency of organic matter utilization (P < 0.05). Sodium chloride supplementation decreased ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio at day 62 but there was no effect of NaCl evident in samples collected on day 118. Blood glucose was decreased (P < 0.05) at days 62 and 118 in steers fed 5% NaCl and 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone. Supplementation with high levels of sodium chloride nonsignificantly increased the percentage of starch in cecal and colon digesta samples collected at slaughter. Also the NaCl treatment decreased pH (P < 0.05) in the colon and acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.10) in the cecum. Although NaCl supplementation altered ruminal and digestive parameters, it did not result in increased performance. Key words: Sodium chloride, limestone, beef cattle, growth

scholarly journals 349 The use of low antioxidant mineral concentrations in the growing diet as a method to increase marbling deposition in feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 141-142
Author(s):  
Jerad R Jaborek ◽  
Alejandro E Relling
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The presence of reactive oxygen species has been associated with the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into lipid filled mature adipocytes in vitro. We hypothesized offering a diet without supplemental antioxidant minerals (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) to steers during the growing phase, a time when intramuscular fat cells are believed to be proliferating, would promote differentiation of pre-adipocytes, leading to more desirable marbling scores compared with steers supplemented to meet their mineral requirements. After adaptation to the feedlot, 168 Sim-Angus steers were divided into four weight blocks, placed in one of twenty-four pens, and randomly assigned a dietary treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) no supplemental (Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se) minerals; 2) control diet with supplemented minerals to meet the mineral requirements of growing beef steers (NRC, 2016); 3) Cu, Mg, Zn, and Se concentrations supplemented at twice the concentration of the control diet. After dietary treatments were applied for the 4-wk long growing phase, steers were offered a common finishing diet until reaching a similar backfat thickness until harvest. Feedlot performance and carcass data were analyzed in SAS with pen as the experimental unit in the following model: Yij = μ+Di+wj+eij, where Di was the fixed effect of diet, wj was the random effect of weight block, and eij was the random error. No significant (P > 0.35) treatment effects were found for feedlot performance and carcass measurements. The feedstuffs in the basal diet may have contained sufficient concentrations of antioxidant minerals to meet the mineral requirements of the steers and mask differences in marbling. Additionally, offering a similar diet during the finishing period may have resulted in compensatory marbling growth, which offset marbling differences after the growing phase and resulted in uniform marbling accumulation across dietary treatments.

HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN SUPPLEMENTS FOR GROWING CATTLE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. HARVEY ◽  
W. J. CROOM JR. ◽  
K. R. POND ◽  
B. W. HOGARTH ◽  
E. S. LEONARD
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Key Words Sodium

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of high levels of sodium chloride in energy and (or) protein supplements on performance and digestive and metabolic parameters of growing beef cattle. In each trial, 24 Hereford steers averaging 196 kg initial weight were individually fed corn silage or fescue hay plus an energy and (or) protein supplement containing NaCl. Consumption of the low (LS) and high (HS) levels of NaCl was 22–23 g d−1 and 192–193 g d−1, respectively. In Trial 1 the high NaCl supplement tended to reduce gains and feed efficiency of steers fed silage whereas gains were similar for those fed low and high NaCl and fescue hay. In Trial 2, gains and feed efficiencies were similar for both NaCl treatments. Rumen fluid total volatile fatty acid concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) at day 70 of both trials with high NaCl. Steers fed high NaCl had lower rumen ammonia concentrations at days 56 and 70 of Trial 1, while no significant differences were noted at day 70 of Trial 2. Molar percentages of valeric acid were reduced at each sampling with high NaCl diets. Serum Na levels were similar for the two NaCl levels, whereas K levels were increased at day 70 due to high NaCl. Rumen liquid digesta flow rates were increased (P < 0.05) in animals fed the high NaCl supplements, whereas total solid digesta and soybean meal rate of passage were not affected by NaCl level in the supplement. Supplements containing high levels of NaCl do induce changes in rumen function but do not consistently affect animal performance. Key words: Sodium chloride, supplements, beef cattle, corn silage, fescue hay

Restriction of vitamin A and D in beef cattle finishing diets on feedlot performance and adipose accretion1

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1866-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Pickworth ◽  
S. C. Loerch ◽  
F. L. Fluharty
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Finishing Diets

EFFECTS OF FEEDING AVOPARCIN IN COMBINATION WITH PROGESTERONE-ESTRADIOL IMPLANTS ON GROWING AND FINISHING STEERS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. MURRAY ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
D. N. MOWAT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Key Words Growth ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Performance Response ◽  
Growth Promotants

Two, experiments were conducted with growing and finishing steers to determine the performance response to feeding avoparcin with or without progesterone-estradiol (Synovex-S) implants. In exp. 1, 96 crossbred yearling steers were fed diets containing 40% hay crop silage (DM basis) for 168 days. Avoparcin increased (P < 0.05) weight gains (16%) and feed efficiency (16%). Initial Synovex-S implants increased (P < 0.05) weight gain (14%) and feed efficiency (11%). Reimplanting at 112 days tended to further improve (P > 0.05) rate of gain and feed efficiency over initial implanting. In exp. 2, 80 Hereford yearling steers were fed diets containing only 19% corn silage (DM basis) for 98 days. Avoparcin had no effect on weight gain but improved (P > 0.05) feed efficiency (11%). Synovex improved (P < 0.05) weight gain (17%) and feed efficiency (11%). In both experiments treatments produced no effects on carcass measurements except for an increase in warm carcass weight. Also, in both experiments the effects of avoparcin and Synovex on feed efficiency were fully additive. Key words: Growth promotants, implants, feed additives, steers

EFFECT OF MONENSIN AND A DEAMINASE INHIBITOR ON FEED UTILIZATION BY LAMBS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Health Products

Lambs were fed monensin (Rumensin®, monensin sodium, Eli Lilly and Co., Greenfield, Ind.) and a deaminase inhibitor 4,4’-dimethyldiphenyliodonium chloride (SmithKline Animal Health Products, West Chester, Pa.) (DAI) at 33 and 25 mg/kg of diet, respectively. Digestibility and ruminal volatile fatty acids were measured using five yearling lambs per treatment. There were no treatment effects on digestibility. Molar proportions of propionic acid were 93% higher when monensin plus DAI were fed than when lambs were offered the nonmedicated control diet. Feedlot performance was measured using eighty 18-kg crossbred lambs, with two pens of 10 lambs per treatment. Lambs fed DAI consumed 8% less feed than controls, though feed to gain ratio was not affected. Gains and feed efficiency with monensin were 8% and 5% higher (P < 0.05), respectively, than control values, though feed was utilized most efficiently when both monensin and DAI were fed.

The effect of castration age, method and implant regime on growth and carcass traits of male beef cattle

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. H. Cohen ◽  
B. D. King ◽  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
E. D. Janzen
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growing Period

In 1984–1985 and 1985–1986 groups of 136 and 127 male calves were used to assess the effects of multiple implants (Ralgro and Steeroid), castration time (early and late) and castration method (surgical and chemical) on growth to weaning and feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Ralgro increased calf rate of gain to weaning (P < 0.05) and adjusted weaning weight (P < 0.01) but did not affect rate of gain during the feedlot period. Although Ralgro increased (P < 0.001) weight at slaughter, it took longer (P < 0.05) for implanted cattle to reach Canada A1 than unimplanted cattle. Steeroid did not affect rate of gain to weaning but did increase (P < 0.05) adjusted weaning weight. Steeroid increased (P < 0.05) rate of gain relative to unimplanted cattle during the growing period in the feedlot and cattle implanted four times from birth to slaughter gained more (P < 0.05) than cattle implanted twice (birth and weaning). For the entire feedlot period, bulls receiving Steeroid gained faster (P < 0.05) than unimplanted bulls with no difference (P > 0.05) between implant groups (two or four implants). Ralgro implants increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight, rib-eye area and cutability while Steeroid increased (P < 0.05) only carcass weight. However, when rib-eye area was adjusted for carcass weight, the effect of Ralgro was not significant (P > 0.05). Bulls had greater (P < 0.05) shipping weight, carcass weight, rib-eye area, dressing percent and cutability than steers. Age at castration (early or late) had no effect on feedlot performance or carcass traits while method of castration (surgical or chemical) had some effects (P < 0.05) on ADG, liveweight, carcass weight and rib-eye area. Key words: Castration, Ralgro, Steeroid, beef, growth, carcass

scholarly journals PSXIV-9 Effect of monensin, a blend of essential oils and Lithothamnium calcareum over two racial groups in finishing cattle diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Pedro Guerreiro ◽  
Murillo A Meschiatti ◽  
Ludmila de Souza Monteiro ◽  
Vinícius Gouvêa ◽  
Flavio Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Monensin A ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract This study aimed the evaluation of the effects of three feed additives – sodium monensin (MON; 32 mg/kg DM), Lithothamnium calcareum plus sodium monensim (LC+MON; LithoNutri® 5g/kg DM + 32 mg/kg DM) or a blend of essential oils (BEO; BioPhitus® 0.3g/kg DM) – and its interaction with two ratial groups of beef cattle – Nellore (NEL) vs. Crossbreds (CROSS) – on a finishing diet. Ninety Nellore bulls (initial BW = 394 ± 34 kg) and ninety crossbreds (initial BW = 406 ± 31 kg), were fed for 112 days, diets containing 8.5% sugarcane bagasse, 42.2% of fine ground corn, 41.7% of citrus pulp, 5% of soybean meal, 1.3% of urea, 0.35% of sodium chloride and 0.95% of minerals and vitamins. Treatments were NEL+MON; NEL+LC+MON; NEL+BEO; CROSS+MON; CROSS+LC+MON; CROSS+BEO in a randomized complete block with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (2 racial groups and 3 feed additives). There were no interactions between racial groups and feed additives (P &gt; 0.05). Regardless of the additive used there were no differences in final BW (P = 0.237), ADG (P = 0.610), HCW (P = 0.120) or dressing (P = 0.095). Animals fed LC+MON had lower DMI (P &lt; 0.01) than animals fed MON or BEO (7.74 kg, 8.64 kg, 9.26 kg, respectively). However, feed efficiency (G:F) of LC+MON did not differ from MON. Animals fed diets with BEO had lower G:F than animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON (P &lt; 0.01; 0.1382, 0.1469 and 0.1550 respectively). Animals fed diets with MON or LC+MON were 6.3% and 12% more efficient than animals fed with BEO. Crossbred bulls had higher DMI (P &lt; 0.001), ADG (P &lt; 0.001), FBW (P &lt; 0.001) and HCW (P &lt; 0.001) than Nellore bulls. In summary, LC reduced DMI not altering feed efficiency. Diets containing BEO reduced G:F of the animals when compared with animals receiving diets containing MON.

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