EVALUATION OF BUCKWHEAT (Fagopyrum esculentum) IN DIETS OF GROWING PIGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 985-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) was evaluated alone or with 25, 50, 75 or 100% replacement by wheat (W) or barley (B) in 16% protein diets fed to 72 crossbred pigs from 20 to 60 kg liveweight. Pigs were randomly alloted two per pen, within sex, and housed in confinement on partially slatted concrete floors. Daily feed consumption (1.89–2.27 kg/day), average daily gain (0.66–0.72 kg/day) and feed/gain (2.79–3.18) did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) between treatments. At 50% replacement of the buckwheat (BW) more feed (P < 0.05) was consumed (2.22 kg/day) than at 25 or 100% replacement levels (1.99 and 1.92 kg/day, respectively). More DE was consumed per kilogram of gain (DE/gain) (P < 0.05) by wheat-fed pigs than by barley-fed pigs (40.0 vs. 38.2 MJ DE/kg, respectively). The 50% substitution of either grain (42.1 MJ/kg) resulted in more DE/gain (P < 0.05) than observed on the BW only diet (37.1 MJ/kg). Two 4 × 4 latin square designs, with eight pigs initially weighing 40 kg, were used for determination of digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and gross energy (GE) in BW, W or B individually and in blends of BW and either W or B. Coefficients of digestibility for CP were 72.7%, 81.6% and 65.5% and for GE were 65.4%, 80.2% and 71.1% in BW, W and B, respectively. Blends of BW and W had digestibility coefficients for DM, CP and GE between the values determined for the grains individually but those determined for mixtures of BW and B were lower than expected based on coefficients determined for the grains individually. Buckwheat used contained 12% CP, 0.68% lysine, 12.3% acid detergent fiber on as fed basis and 9.6% digestible protein and 11.98 MJ of DE per kilogram dry matter. Key words: Buckwheat, pigs, digestibility, growth, mono-cereal diets

scholarly journals Fermentation of Whole Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with Different Dry Matter Concentrations: Effect on the Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Energy, Crude Nutrients and Minerals in Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199
Author(s):  
Reinhard Puntigam ◽  
Julia Slama ◽  
Daniel Brugger ◽  
Karin Leitner ◽  
Karl Schedle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Sorghum Grain ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

This study investigated the effects of sorghum ensiled as whole grains with different dry matter concentrations on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy, crude nutrients and minerals in growing pigs. Whole grain sorghum batches with varying dry matter (DM) concentrations of 701 (S1), 738 (S2) and 809 g kg−1 (S3) due to different dates of harvest from the same arable plot, were stored in air-tight kegs (6 L) for 6 months to ensure complete fermentation. Subsequently, 9 crossbred barrows (34.6 ± 1.8 kg; (Duroc x Landrace) × Piétrain)) were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square feeding experiment. Diets were based on the respective sorghum grain silage and were supplemented with additional amino acids, minerals and vitamins to meet or exceed published feeding recommendations for growing pigs. The ATTD of gross energy, dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen-free extracts, and crude ash were higher in S1 compared to S3 treatments (p ≤ 0.05), while S2 was intermediate. Pigs fed S1 showed significantly higher ATTD of phosphorus (P) compared to all other groups while ATTD of calcium was unaffected irrespective of the feeding regime. In conclusion, growing pigs used whole grain sorghum fermented with a DM concentration of 701 g kg−1 (S1) most efficiently. In particular, the addition of inorganic P could have been reduced by 0.39 g kg−1 DM when using this silage compared to the variant with the highest DM value (809 g kg−1).

DIGESTION OF NUTRIENTS IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF PIGS FED DIETS CONTAINING RAW AND AUTOCLAVED FABA BEANS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Intestinal Uptake ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Faba Beans

Four castrated pigs, each fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the terminal ileum, were used to study digestion in the small intestine. A nitrogen-free diet was used for the estimation of metabolic nitrogen and amino acids. Faba beans, as the sole source of dietary protein, were used raw or after autoclaving for 30 or 60 min. The four diets were fed to the pigs in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment. The pigs were fed each diet for 6 days prior to a 24-hr collection of total ileal contents. Autoclaving of faba beans had no significant effect on digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, nitrogen and individual amino acids except arginine, which was significantly increased. The intestinal uptake of arginine was the highest and of cystine the lowest in all faba bean diets. It was concluded that autoclaving faba beans had no beneficial effect on the digestion of nutrients in the small intestine of the pig.

The effect of different proportions of hay and fortified rolled barley in the diet on digestible-energy value and urinary-energy excretion by cattle

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Concentrate Treatment

SUMMARYA 6 x 6 Latin Square balance experiment was carried out using six Friesian steers, each of which initially weighed about 304 kg. The six treatments studied were an all-hay diet and five other diets containing 20,40,60,80 and 100 % of rolled barley fortified with mineral and vitamin supplements, accompanied by correspondingly reduced proportions of hay. Each diet was fed at an estimated maintenance level of feeding.The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in both digestible and calculated metabolizable energy. The actual increase in digestible energy was from 2·62Mcal/kg dry matter (59·3% of the gross energy) on the all-hay treatment to 3·42 Mcal/kg dry matter (79·5% of the gross energy) on the all-concentrate treatment. Use of the determined digestible energy values for the all-hay and fortified barley diets to calculate the digestible energy of the four mixed diets gave results in reasonably good agreement with the determined values, the maximum difference being 0·12 Mcal/kg dry matter, which represented 3·83 % of the determined value. The losses of energy in the urine expressed as percentages of the gross energy of the diets showed a small but significantly linear decrease (P < 0·01) with increase in proportion of barley in the diet. The molar proportions of steamvolatile acids in samples of rumen fluid taken from two animals on each treatment indicated that increase in the proportion of concentrate was associated with tendencies for increase in acetic acid, decrease in propionic acid and little change in butyric acid. The mean digestibility of the organic matter was 62·6 % on the all-hay treatment and 81·8 % on the all concentrate treatment. The progressive increase in the proportion of concentrate gave a significantly linear increase (P < 0·001) in digestibility of the organic matter. Although intakes of nitrogen decreased with increase in the proportion of concentrate due to a decrease in the amount of dry matter fed, the weights of nitrogen retained were well maintained and when expressed as percentages of intake showed a significantly linear increase (P < 0·01).

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

THE EFFECTS OF ANAEROBIC STORAGE AND PROCESSING OF HIGH-MOISTURE BARLEY ON ITS ILEAL DIGESTIBILITY BY, AND PERFORMANCE OF, GROWING SWINE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. WELTZIEN ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Anaerobic Storage

Two studies were undertaken to determine the feeding value of high-moisture barley (HMB) for growing swine. HMB containing approximately 25% moisture and dry barley (approximately 13% moisture) was harvested from the same 21.8-ha field. On a dry matter (DM) basis, the HMB yielded 19.6% more than the dry barley. In the first experiment, 56 crossbred gilts and 24 crossbred barrows of an average initial weight of 28 kg were allocated on the basis of initial weight and sex to diets based on either anaerobically stored HMB or dry barley. Pigs fed the HMB-based diet consumed significantly more feed (P < 0.05) on a DM basis, than did pigs fed the dry-barley-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) were not affected by diet (P > 0.05). In the second experiment, eight barrows (57.6 kg initial weight), fitted with ileal T-cannulas, were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square to determine the apparent ileal digestibilities of nutrients in diets based on ground or rolled HMB (75% DM) and ground or rolled dry barley (87% DM). There were no differences (P > 0.05) among the four treatment groups in the apparent ileal digestibilities of the DM, CP, gross energy, starch or β-glucan components of the diets. The average ileal digestibility coefficient for β-glucan of the four diets was 79.6% (range: 76–82.2%), suggesting that this component is readily digested by growing pigs. The apparent ileal digestibilities for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and phosphorus were lower (P < 0.05) for the ground dry barley diet than for the other diets. The apparent ileal digestibilities of lysine, methionine, isoleucine, alanine, valine, and aspartic acid were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the ground HMB diet than for the dry barley diets. However, the digestibility coefficients for lysine, isoleucine, valine, and aspartic acid for the rolled HMB diet tended to be intermediate between the digestibility coefficients of these amino acids for the ground HMB diet and those for the dry barley diet. Thus, earlier harvest, in combination with anaerobic storage generally improves the digestibility of HMB as compared to dry barley. Key words: Growing swine, high moisture barley, β-glucan, digestibility, amino acid

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
L. S. POLIQUIN ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

Growth and metabolism studies in growing pigs given diets containing a low glucosinolate rapeseed meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Rowan ◽  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Protein Rich

SUMMARYTwo growth and two metabolism experiments were made in which a low gluoosinate rapeseed meal (var. Tower; TRSM) was compared with soya-bean meal (SBM) as the sole protein-rich material in simple diets containing barley and a vitamin and mineral supplement only.In the first growth experiment 108 pigs were fed individually and restrictedly SBM and TRSM diets so that digestible energy (DE) and crude-protein intakes were similar. The DE used to promote a unit of growth or a unit of carcass weight was significantly less for the SBM, than for the TRSM, diet. In the second experiment 48 pigs were given, in groups of four, diets similar to those in Expt 1. There were no significant differences in growth rate or in serum thyroxine concentrations, but a significantly higher degree of thyroid hypertrophy was induced in pigs given the TRSM diet.The two metabolism experiments compared the same diets used in the first growth experiment. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy, and retention of nitrogen relative to intake, were significantly greater for the SBM diet than for the two RSM diets. The addition of synthetic lysine to the TRSM diet significantly improved the apparent digestibility and retention of nitrogen. Pooled DE values (MJ/kg dry matter) calculated for SBM, TRSM and barley were 13·72 (S.E. 0·318), 13·97 (S.E. 0·211) and 14·01 (S.E. 0·080) respectively.

COMPARATIVE VALUE OF SOYBEAN, RAPESEED, AND FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEALS IN UREA-CONTAINING CALF RATIONS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Molar Percent

Twenty-four Holstein calves were fed three experimental rations containing either 14% soybean meal, 20% rapeseed meal, or 20% formaldehyde-treated (0.7 g formaldehyde/100 g protein) rapeseed meal from 8 to 22 wk of age. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in feed consumption, dry matter intake, liveweight gain, and feed conversion among the three groups. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in rumen ammonia levels in calves receiving the treated rapeseed meal compared with the untreated rapeseed meal rations. Plasma urea levels and rumen fluid volatile fatty acids (mmol/100 ml and molar percent) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatments. There were no significant differences in the digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, acid detergent fiber, and gross energy among treatments, although treating the rapeseed meal with formaldehyde tended to reduce dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, and energy digestibility.

DIGESTIBILITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF POTATO STEAM PEEL BY PIGS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
P. M. SNODDON ◽  
P. R. DEAN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
French Fry ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Daily Gain

Potato steam peel is a by-product of the production of frozen french fry potatoes. As produced, it typically has 14% dry matter with 15% crude protein and 6% ash (dry matter basis) and a pH of 5.8. The starch is partially denatured and there is no proteolytic enzyme inhibitor activity. The feeding value of steam peel for pigs was evaluated through chemical analyses, a digestibility trial and a feeding trial. Its digestibility (%) by pigs was found to be dry matter 81.1 ± 2.8, crude protein 61.3 ± 3.7, organic matter 82.4 ± 3.0 and energy 76.8 ± 6.0. In the feeding trial carried out on a commercial hog finishing farm, feed consumption was markedly reduced when the steam peel was included at over 30% of the ration dry matter at the start of the trial. The inclusion of steam peel at 15, 20 or 25% of the ration dry matter reduced the average daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). However, it was concluded that potato steam peel can be used at up to 25% of the diet for growing fattening pigs with little detrimental effect on the level of animal performance. Key words: Potato, steam peel, pigs

scholarly journals Effect of Sakura Block on Milk Production and Milk Quality of FH Cows in Late Lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Jarmuji Jarmuji ◽  
D. Suherman ◽  
Yanuri Yanuri ◽  
R. Afriansyah ◽  
E. Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Sample Collection

This study aims to evaluate milk production, fat content, and protein content of Friesian Holland (FH) dairy cow's milk by giving Sakura block at the final lactation of FH cow. The design used was the Latin Square Design (LSD), with treatments of P0 (0 Sakura blocks), P1 (300 gr Sakura blocks), P2 (600 gr Sakura blocks), and P3 (900 gr Sakura blocks). This study involved four dairy cows for four periods of which period consisted of 10 treatment days, where the last 3 days of each period were the milk sample collection. Milk production and feed consumption were measured and weighed daily. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the consumption of dry matter ratio and no significant effect (P> 0.05) on milk production, fat content, and milk protein.

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