APPARENT FEED PARTICLE SIZE PREFERENCE BY BROILERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. PORTELLA ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Size Preference

Broiler chicks of different ages were used to study particle size disappearance and the effect of particle size on feed intake. The disappearance of particles larger than 1.18 mm was obvious at all ages. However, it was noticed that at 8 and 16 d disappearance of particles between > 1.18 mm and < 2.36 mm was most pronounced. As birds became older, disappearance rate was greatest for particles > 2.36 mm. Throughout a 24-h period, particle breakdown was noted. Birds did eat these smaller particles at the end of a 24-h period, especially when the concentration of large particles was reduced. Chemical analysis revealed that birds selected material on the basis of particle size, since nutrient composition of the diet and of different diet fractions did not change throughout the day. Changing particle size abruptly from crumbles to pellets did not adversely affect overall feed consumption (P > 0.05) or bird performance. Key words: Broiler, particle size preference, crumbles, pellets

scholarly journals APPARENT FEED PARTICLE SIZE PREFERENCE BY LAYING HENS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. PORTELLA ◽  
L. J. CASTON ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Size Preference

Trials were designed to investigate the effect of feed particle size on apparent feed intake of laying hens. Feed was offered to five different groups of four birds each as either regular crumbles, mash, large crumbles (trained birds), large crumbles (untrained birds) or small crumbles, respectively. Except for the untrained birds, all birds were given a 15-d adaptation period. In each trial hens were offered 200 g of feed at 05:00 h and at each subsequent hour, until 20:00 h, feed was removed from the trough, sieved, weighed, remixed and returned to the feeders. Chemical analysis of the diet and various diet fractions was undertaken. There was marked disappearance of larger particles when birds were fed regular crumbles. However, smaller particles disappeared as the concentration of large ones decreased throughout the day. There was no marked disappearance of particles smaller than 0.60 mm. Feed intake was comparable when regular crumbles or mash rations were fed. Overall feed intake increased when small particles were offered, while intake decreased when the feed was changed abruptly to one of only large particles. It is concluded that particle size in regular crumbled layer feed is not uniform, and that particle size influences disappearance rate. Key words: Layer, particle preference, nutrient preference

A comparison of grinding processes and wet feeding of wheat-based diets on AME, production, and gastrointestinal tract development of broiler chicks

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afsharmanesh ◽  
T. A. Scott ◽  
F. G. Silversides
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Ground Wheat

This experiment studied the effect of grind mill type [hammer (HM) or attrition (AM)], grind size (5.6 mm 4.8 mm, and 2.4 mm) and wheat type [Durum or Hard Red Spring (HRS)] on the performance, energy retention (AME), and the gut development of broilers fed these diets with or without 1.2 g water-1 g dry feed added. Twenty-four dietary treatments (2 grind types × 3 grind sizes × 2 wheat types × wet or dry feeding) were each fed to four cages of six male broilers from 1 to 17 d of age. Wet diets were prepared daily. Feeding diets with water increased 17 d body weight and feed intake of broilers compared with feeding the diets dry. Body weight and feed intake of broilers fed the HM diets were greater than those of broilers fed diets containing wheat processed by AM. Feed intake and FCR with HRS-based diets were higher than those for Durum-based diets. The AME for Durum was higher than for HRS and the ME efficiency (kcal g-1 BW) was greater, indicating a lower efficiency. The AME intake of HM ground wheat was higher than for that for wheat ground with the AM. The type of grinding, the wheat type, and the addition of water all affected the length and weight of the digestive system, likely through their effects on the rate of water absorption and passage through the gut. Particle size did not affect any measurement. Hammer milling produced a uniform particle size and less fines and may be better suited for processing wheat in broiler diets. Key words: Broiler, wheat, wet feeding, AME, gut development

Effects of ingredient particle size and feed form on the performance of Leghorn hens

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. G. Hamilton ◽  
F. G. Proudfoot
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Roller Mill ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Feed Form ◽  
Genotype A

In each of two experiments, 1536 Leghorn pullets from two commercial genotypes (A and B) were given diets that were in the form of either mash, crumbles or pellets. The cereal grains used in these diets were either finely or coarsely ground using a hammer or roller mill. The particle size and form of the diets used were: FM, FMC, FMP, CM, CMC, and CMP. These diets were fed and data were collected when the birds were between 140 and 490 d of age.Pullets in exp. 2 were heavier at 140 d (P < 0.001) and lighter in weight at 490 d (P < 0.001), reached 50% EP 4.8 d earlier (P < 0.001), had 1.3% higher rate of EP (P < 0.05), and laid more large and small (P < 0.001) and fewer medium-sized (P < 0.01) eggs than those in exp. 1. Hens from genotype A had lower 140 and 490 d body weights (P < 0.001), 187 and 490 d egg weights and specific gravity (P < 0.001), better feed conversion (P < 0.001) and higher (P < 0.001) monetary returns than birds from genotype B. Birds receiving the FM and CM diets had higher EP (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.001), monetary returns (P < 0.001), and numbers of medium-sized and small eggs (P < 0.05) than those fed the FMP and CMP diets. Specific gravity was higher (P < 0.001) for eggs laid at 187–188 d by the FMP and CMP-fed hens than for those given the FM or CM diets. In general, performance was better for the hens given the mash diets than for those fed the crumbled or pelleted diets. Key words: Particle size, feed form, hens

Intake and digestion in swamp buffaloes and cattle. 4. Particle size and buoyancy in relation to voluntary intake

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Swamp Buffaloes ◽  
Large Particles

SUMMARYThe buoyancy and distribution within the rumen of feed particles were measured to assess the extent to which particle buoyancy modulated the movement of particles within and from the reticulorumen. Two experiments conducted in north Queensland in 1988 involved swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)and crossbred cattle (Bos indicus × B. taurus) fed rice straw with various supplements of energy and protein, lablab (Lablab purpureus), verano (Stylosanthes hamata cv. verano) and two grasses, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor × S. sudanense) and pangola (Digitaria eriantha). Apparent passage rate of particles from the reticulorumen bore an inverse curvilinear relationship to particle size. Passage rate of the smallest particles, retained by a cloth of aperture 50 μm, was faster in buffaloes. Mean particle size of total rumen digesta was smaller in buffaloes than in cattle in Expt 1 with rice straw, but there was no difference between the forage diets offered in Expt 2. The large particle content in digesta (dry matter per kg) in the dorsal rumen was greater than that in the ventral rumen, which in turn was greater than that in the reticulum. The sedimentation rate of particles was measured by a procedure designed to interfere as little as possible with microbial fermentation. A curvilinear relationship was evident between sedimentation rate and particle size; the medium particles sedimented faster than the fine and large particles. Sedimentation rates of some particle fractions were greater in buffaloes than in cattle. Between diets there were marked differences in sedimentation rates of large particles, but these differences decreased with smaller particle size. Large particles from the dorsal sac sedimented faster than those from the ventral sac, and there was no obvious dorsal raft. There was no apparent relationship between particle buoyancy and ease of particle escape from the reticulorumen. The results are discussed in terms of current theories of the physical factors involved in the control of voluntary feed consumption by ruminants.

The effect of particle size of superphosphate on the availability of its phosphorus and sulphur to pasture plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Williams ◽  
J Lipsett
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Pasture Plants

In glasshouse experiments, the responses of plants to the phosphorus and sulphur in top-dressed superphosphate were affected by its particle size. On four soils, yields of subterranean clover differed by 12–25% owing to differences in particle size of applied superphosphate. Both rate of solution and spatial distribution of the fertilizer affected plant response. Under non-leaching conditions, the sulphur in large particles of superphosphate was always less available than that in fine. The phosphorus in large particles was slightly less available when superphosphate was applied to soils of low, or moderate, capacities to sorb phosphate but more available when applied to a soil of high capacity to sorb phosphate.Pastures would probably respond better to granulated superphosphate than to normal on sulphur-deficient soils subject to strong leaching, or on soils of high capacity to sorb phosphate. On many soils, however, no difference would be expected, and on some sulphur-deficient soils the granulated product may even be inferior in some seasons.

Inkjet printable silver dispersions: Effect of bimodal particle-size distribution on film formation and electrical conductivity

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Balantrapu ◽  
Meaghan McMurran ◽  
Dan V. Goia
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Silver Films ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

Inks containing silver nanoparticles of 12 nm, 80 nm, and a 15%/85% mixture of the two sizes were used to evaluate the effect of particle size and size distribution on the electrical properties of sintered films. The silver layers deposited with a “drop-on-demand” inkjet printer were heated at temperatures ranging from 125 to 200 °C. The small particles formed less resistive films at 125 °C, while the larger ones provided better electrical conductivity above 150 °C. The inks containing mixed small and large particles yielded the most conductive silver films over the entire investigated temperature range. A mechanism explaining these results is proposed based on the evolution of film microstructure with temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of feed supplementation through turmeric and Tulsi leaves on growth of broiler chicks in deep litter system

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
U.K. Shukla ◽  
Deepak Pandey ◽  
Shri Kant
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Supplementation

The experiment was conducted at the livestock production and management unit, faculty of agriculture. MGCGV Chitrakoot – Satna ( M.P.). To complete the research work following steps were followed. Day old 75 broiler chicks (DOC) of same hatch were produced and reared in of Deep litter system. The chicks were weighed, leg banded and distributed randomly into five groups of 15 chicks each as treatment. Chicks of each treatment were further divided into three sub groups of five chicks in each in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Chicks of each sub group were accommodated comfortably in deep letter system providing 1 sq. ft./ chick. Chicks were fed standard starter ration upto 3 weeks age (1 to 21 days) and then broiler finisher ration upto 3-4 weeks (22-28 days). An experiment was conducted with DOC to 75 broilers chicks divided into five groups T0, T1,T2 and T4 which were supplemented with turmeric and Tulsi leaves powder @ 1.0g, 2.0g, 3.0g and 4.0g/kg of broiler ration, respectively. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight, weekly gain in weight, weekly feed consumption and feed conversion of broiler for four weeks. Based on the results of the experiment, it may be concluded that feed supplementation with turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder influenced the body weight, gain in body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency of broiler chicks. Based on the result of the experiment, it may be concluded that feed supplementation with turmeric + Tulsi leaves powder influenced body weight, gain in body weight, feed intake and feed efficiency of broiler chicks. Based on feed intake and feed efficiency, the best performance of broilers was obtained with feed supplementation of 3g turmeric + 3g Tulsi powder per kg of standard ration (T3), followed by 4g turmeric + 4g Tulsi leaf powder (T4). Treatment T3 was economically superior over all other treatments and control.

Influence of particle size and surface charge on critical flux of crossflow microfiltration

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Y. Kwon ◽  
S. Vigneswaran
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Crossflow Microfiltration

The effect of particle size and ionic strength of the feed suspension on critical flux was studied. The critical flux was defined in two different ways (strong and mild definition). The fouling, the increase of resistance (which is the basis of the mild definition of the critical flux) was relatively sensitive to the deposition of particles of 0.46 μm on the membrane of 0.2 μm mean pore. On the other hand, the deposition of large particles of 3.2 μm to a certain value on the membrane surface of 0.2 μm mean pore did not lead to the increase in resistance. In case of 11.9 μm particles, the transmembrane pressure did not increase even with significant amount of deposition of particles. The ionic strength of suspension had significant effect on the critical flux. For an ionic strength less than 1×10−1.5 M, there was a decrease in the critical flux. This could be due to the dense layer of deposit which is the result of less diffuse layer thickness of particles. Above this ionic strength, a significant increase in critical flux was noticed which may be due to the aggregation of particles.

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