scholarly journals Post-flowering forage potential of spring and winter cereal mixtures

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. F. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals

Forage quality of small grain cereals harvested after flowering affects animal performance adversely. The feasibility of using mixtures (MX) of spring-planted winter cereals with spring cereals to improve forage quality at the late milk stage of the spring cereal was investigated at Lacombe and Brooks, Alberta during 1987 and 1988. Spring monocrops (SMC) of oats (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and winter monocrops (WMC) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) were compared with binary MX of spring and winter combinations using a randomized complete block design. Dry matter (DM) yield and concentrations of in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin were determined. Dry matter yields of MX as a percent of their SMC counterparts ranged from 84 to 99% at Lacombe and from 82 to 113% at Brooks; no crop combination was consistently superior. For forage quality the cropping systems ranked WMC > MX > SMC. The effects of winter wheat and triticale on forage quality in the MX were similar. However, MX containing barley generally had higher IVDOM and lower NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations than those containing oats. At Lacombe and Brooks, IVDOM and crude protein concentrations of the MX were increased by 6.5 and 7.2% and by 21.2 and 23.6%, respectively, while NDF, ADF and lignin concentrations were decreased by 6.7 and 6.5%, 9.9 and 7.5%, 10.9 and 20.4%, respectively, compared with the SMC group. While the extent of compensation is not known the improved forage quality of the MX should partially offset the slight reduction in DM yield compared to the SMC.Key words: Forage potential, forage quality, mixtures, spring cereals, winter cereals

Determination of Quality and Chemical Composition of Silages Obtained from Narbonne Vetch (Vicia narbonensis) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Composition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizamettin Turan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicia Narbonensis ◽  
Feed Value

Research was conducted to determine the quality and chemical composition of silages obtained by mixing in different ratios of narbonne vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in rabi season of 2017-2018 in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the study we studied the pure sowings of barley and narbonne vetch and their mixtures (20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80% of narbonne vetch (N) + 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20% of barley (B). The values of ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), DDM (digestible dry matter), DMI (dry matter intake), DM (dry matter), CP (crude protein) and RFV (relative feed value) of silages of analyzed were respectively 33.38, 33.73, 62.89, 3.57, 24.69, 15.50%, 174.64. We also founded that LA (lactic acid), AA (acetic acid), BA (butyric acid), PA (propionic acid) and Ca, P, Mg, K and pH of silages investigated were respectively 1.60, 0.57, 0.42, 0.06, 1.17, 0.53, 0.25, 3.51% and 3.80. Our results shows that silages with high narbonne vetch were higher quality values for CP, ADF, NDF, DM, RFV, DDM, DMI, Ca, Mg, LA which determined chemical composition and feeding quality of silages. As a result, it is suggested that mixture silages with narbonne vetch (80%) and the barley ratio (20%) have important advantages for some properties of silages.

scholarly journals Produksi dan Kandungan Nutrien Beberapa Varietas Sorgum Hybrid dengan Jarak Tanam Berbeda sebagai Sumber Pakan

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Hajar Hajar ◽  
Luki Abdullah ◽  
Didid Diapari
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Matter Production

Sorghum feed is a type of cereal plant that has potential use as animal feed or forage. The reseach aim was to evaluate production and nutritional quality of some sorghum hybrid varieties, and determined the optimal spacing of sorghum plants. This research was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with 6 treatments and four replications. The first factor was the varieties of 12FS9006, 13FB7001 and 12S49001. The second factor was space of 25x25cm and 25x40 cm. The variables were fresh and dry matter of biomass production and also nutrient (ash, crude fiber, crude protein, Neutral Detergen Fiber and Acid Detergen Fiber. Sorghum varieties had significant effect (p<0.05) to fresh biomass production, dry matter biomass production, ash, crude ϐiber and crude protein). The space had a significant effect (p<0.05) to the dry matter production of biomass and crude fiber. The average variety of fresh biomass plant production was (18.90 tons ha-1), dry matter production of biomass was (4 ton ha-1), ash (5.51%), crude ϐiber (30.90%) and crude protein (8.45%). The average dry matter production was 4.34 tons ha-1 and crude ϐiber 29.96%. It can be concluded that the highest production and the best nutrient quality of sorghum hybrid was obtained at the sorghum variety of 12S49001, the distance of 25x25cm was the best plant space for hybrid sorghum production

scholarly journals Optimizing Yield and Quality of Silage and Hay for Pea–Barley Mixtures Ratio under Irrigated Arid Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13621
Author(s):  
Walid Soufan ◽  
Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Yield And Quality

The changing climate, water scarcity, reduction in the land area under forage crops, expanding ruminant population, burgeoning demands for milk and meat production and food security concerns all insist on a necessary increase in forage production and quality. Cereal–legume mixed intercropping offers a biologically superior option to boost herbage yield and quality of preserved fodder (hay and silage), provided that rationalization of the component crop’s proportional ratio is performed. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the forage yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) mixtures at the ratios 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The experiment was laid out in the regular arrangement of a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results exhibited that forage quality was significantly affected by the mixture ratio. There was a significant improvement in protein, fiber rate and digestibility from the mixture. The ratios of barley and pea with 50:50 and 25:75 produced the maximum productivity and the best quality of forage. Regarding forage preservation, silage recorded higher contents of crude protein, ash and lower fiber contents than hay. Among seed mixtures, 0:100 ratio of barley–pea yielded the highest quality of silage with the maximum crude protein, ash and digestibility with lowest fiber contents.

scholarly journals Dry matter productivity and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
A.R. Ramos ◽  
A. Zampar ◽  
A.W.L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Feeding Systems

ABSTRACT The goal of this work was to assess the biomass production and bromatological quality of ryegrass genotypes in ten municipalities of the Western and North Plateau regions of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The cultivars La Estanzuela 284 (diploid), Bar HQ, Barjumbo, INIA Escorpio, Potro, and Winter Star (tetraploids) were compared, distributed in a randomized block design, in which the municipalities constituted the blocks, with three replications. The cuts were performed when the plants reached 30cm, leaving a residue of 10cm. In three cuts, the cultivars Barjumbo and Bar HQ were the most productive, exceeding 4.6 t ha-1 of dry matter. In the places in which five cuts were performed, the production of these cultivars exceeded 7.3 t ha-1, placing them again ahead of the others. The average crude protein content in three cuts was greater than 25% in all cultivars. There was no difference between the genotypes in the content of neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients. There was a significant correlation between quantitative and qualitative productive variables. The assessed cultivars represented good options for composing short-term or long-term winter-feeding systems, adjusted to the integration with annual crops or warm-season pastures.

scholarly journals Forage yield and quality of a dense thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" stand

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽  
Olaf Andreas Bakke ◽  
Alberício Pereira Andrade ◽  
Ignacio Hernan Salcedo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta") in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p<0.05) increments in basal diameter and forage production. Annual dry matter yields reached 4,108 and 5,833 kg ha-1, respectively, for thornless and thorny plants, and forage quality was similar (p>0.05) for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively) had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season.

Winter survival and yield of early-seeded winter wheat and triticale

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Salmon ◽  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals

On the Canadian prairies, winter cereals such as rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. EM Thell) have shown potential for forage production when spring-seeded as monocrops (WMC) or as intercrops (IC) and doublecrops (DC) in binary combinations with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.). Producers are frequently tempted to overwinter the winter cereals for seed production in the second year. The current study evaluated the influence of forage harvest during the establishment year on the winter hardiness and seed production of winter wheat and triticale in the WMC, IC, and DC cropping systems. Clippings of the WMC and IC as well as planting of the DC were timed to correspond to jointing (DS1), boot (DS2), late milk (DS3) and grain harvest (DS4). Planting of the winter cereal after grain harvest (DS4) of the spring cereal simulated the conventional cropping system. All plots were clipped in late fall to remove aftermath prior to overwintering. Consequently treatments first clipped at DS1 received five clippings compared with DS4 which received only two clippings. Subsequent winter survival and grain yield of both winter species were reduced in the WMC and IC compared with DC treatments. However, increasing the frequency of clipping during the year of establishement in the WMC and IC improved grain yield and winter survival in the winter wheat compared with treatments receiving less frequent or no clipping. Less consistent results were observed for winter triticale. Overwintering spring-planted winter wheat and triticale is not a suitable means for seed production compared with conventional fall planting or reseeding to spring cereals. Key words: Spring cereals, winter cereals, winter survival

scholarly journals Biomass Quantity and Quality from Different Year-Round Cereal–Legume Cropping Systems as Forage or Fodder for Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9414
Author(s):  
Konapura Nagaraja Manoj ◽  
Bommalapura Gundanaik Shekara ◽  
Shankarappa Sridhara ◽  
Prakash Kumar Jha ◽  
P. V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Livestock Feed

The quantity and quality of forage and fodder crops is the major drawback of the livestock sector in the country. There is a need to bridge the gap between the supply and demand of fodder through the adoption of specific sustainable fodder production strategies. The field experiments were conducted during kharif (rainy, June–October), rabi (post-rainy, October–February), and summer (March–May) seasons of 2018–19 and 2019–20 to identify a sustainable fodder cropping system module in randomized complete block design with fifteen fodder cropping systems in three replications. The main objective of this research was to identify the most productive cereal–legume cropping system, both in terms of quantity and quality of biomass, to reduce the gap between supply and demand of quality livestock feed around the year. Among cropping systems, Bajra–Napier hybrid intercropped with lucerne, cowpea, and sesbania recorded significantly higher green fodder (163.6, 155.2, and 144.0 t/ha/year, respectively) and dry matter yields (32.1, 30.8, and 31.3 t/ha/year, respectively). Similarly, the same perennial systems also recorded higher quality yield and ash content. However, higher crude protein content was noticed in monocrop legumes, with the highest in sesbania (22.32%), while higher ether extractable fat was found in monocrop sesbania (3.78%). The monocrop oats recorded higher non-fiber carbohydrates (36.90%) while a monocrop of pearl millet recorded higher total carbohydrates (80.75%), however they were on par with other monocrop cereal cropping systems. Cultivation of legumes as a monocrop, and their inclusion as an intercrop with cereals resulted in lower fiber fractions and improved crude protein in intercropping systems. Furthermore, this improved the dry matter intake and digestibility of fodder. With higher sustainable yield index values and land-use efficiency, perennial intercropping systems were also found to be sustainable. Thus, cultivation of the Bajra–Napier hybrid with either lucerne, cowpea, or sesbania as an intercrop will help livestock farmers to achieve higher productivity in terms of quantity and quality, and forms a viable option for overcoming livestock feed scarcity.

Cropping systems for spring and winter cereals under simulated pasture: Yield and yield distribution

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Baron ◽  
A. C. Dick ◽  
H. G. Najda ◽  
D. F. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack

Annual crops are used routinely for pasture in many parts of the world, but in Alberta they are used primarily to offset feed shortages. Experiments were conducted during 1987 and 1988 at Lacombe, Alberta under dryland conditions and at Brooks, Alberta under irrigation to determine the feasibility of using spring-planted combinations of spring and winter cereals to extend the grazing season. Treatments for simulated grazing were spring oat (Avena sativa L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) monocrops (SMC), winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) monocrops (WMC), spring and winter cereal binary mixtures, seeded together in the spring (intercrop-IC) and the winter cereal seeded after one clipping of the spring cereal (double crop-DC). Clippings were initiated at the jointing stage of the spring cereals and were repeated at intervals of 4 wk. The SMC produced the highest yields during the first two cuts (mid-June and mid-July), but regrowth declined thereafter. The WMC generally had superior yields after mid-July. The IC yield was similar to the higher of the SMC or WMC at any cut with more uniform productivity over the growing season. The DC was inferior to the IC for late summer and fall production. Averaged over years the IC produced 92 and 87% as much DM in the fall as the WMC at Lacombe and Brooks, respectively. Yield totalled over all cuts resulted in the sequence IC > WMC > DC > SMC. The IC is a feasible season-long pasture system under irrigation in southern Alberta and under rain-fed conditions in central Alberta. Key words: Cereals, double-crop, intercrop, monocrop, pasture, yields

Forage Quality and Animal Performance as Influenced by Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) with Pronamide

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Dutt ◽  
R. G. Harvey ◽  
R. S. Fawcett ◽  
N. A. Jorgensen ◽  
H. J. Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Supplemental Protein ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Fall applications of pronamide [3,5-dichloro(N-1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide] control or suppress quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv.] in established alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.). Studies were initiated to evaluate benefits of pronamide usage in areas where quackgrass is a problem. Alfalfa swards severely infested with quackgrass were treated with pronamide. Forage quality of first cutting alfalfa was significantly improved with pronamide usage, but second and third cutting forage quality was not greatly affected. First cutting hay from pronamide-treated and untreated areas was fed to goats and dairy cows in feeding trials. Animal intake of total forage dry matter, digestible dry matter, and digestible crude protein was increased with pronamide usage. A reduction in need for supplemental protein, an increase in efficiency in dry matter conversion into milk, and a 20% increase in milk production resulted from controlling quackgrass in alfalfa with pronamide.

scholarly journals Aroma Profile, Microbial and Chemical Quality of Ensiled Green Forages Mixtures of Winter Cereals and Italian Ryegrass

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Tamás Tóth ◽  
Szilvia Orosz ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
László Kacsala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Aroma Profile ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Mold And Yeast

The objective of this study was to evaluate the aroma profile, microbial and chemical quality of winter cereals (triticale, oats, barley and wheat) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) plus winter cereal mixture silages detected with an electronic nose. Four commercial mixtures (mixture A (40% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 30% of two cultivars of winter oats + 20% of winter barley + 10% of winter wheat), mixture B (50% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 40% of winter barley + 10% of winter wheat), mixture C (55% of three types of Italian ryegrass + 45% of two cultivars of winter oat), mixture D (40% of three types of Italian ryegrass + 30% of two cultivars of winter oat + 15% of two cultivars of winter triticale + 10% of winter barley + 5% of winter wheat)) were harvested, wilted and ensiled in laboratory-scale silos (n = 80) without additives. Both the principal component analysis (PCA) score plot for aroma profile and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classification revealed that mixture D had different aroma profile than other mixture silages. The difference was caused by the presence of high ethanol and LA in mixture D. Ethyl esters such as ethyl 3-methyl pentanoate, 2-methylpropanal, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate and ethyl-3-methylthiopropanoate were found at different retention indices in mixture D silage. The low LA and higher mold and yeast count in mixture C silage caused off odour due to the presence of 3-methylbutanoic acid, a simple alcohol with unpleasant camphor-like odor. At the end of 90 days fermentation winter cereal mixture silages (mixture A and B) had similar aroma pattern, and mixture C was also similar to winter cereal silages. However, mixture D had different aromatic pattern than other ensiled mixtures. Mixture C had higher (p < 0.05) mold and yeast (Log10 CFU (colony forming unit)/g) counts compared to mixture B. Mixture B and C had higher acetic acid (AA) content than mixture A and D. The lactic acid (LA) content was higher for mixture B than mixture C. In general, the electronic nose (EN) results revealed that the Italian ryegrass and winter cereal mixtures (mixture D) had better aroma profile as compared to winter cereal mixtures (mixture A and B). However, the cereal mixtures (mixture A and B) had better aroma quality than mixture C silage. Otherwise, the EN technology is suitable in finding off odor compounds of ensiled forages.

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