Comparison of crop management effects on spring barley cultivars grown on three soil types in southwestern Quebec

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Smith ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
S. Leibovitch ◽  
S. Lussier ◽  
W. E. Maloba
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Mcgill University

There may be potential to increase grain yield and/or quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under the short crop-growing season conditions of Southwestern Quebec with intensive cereal management (ICM) practices similar to those used successfully in Europe. A field experiment was conducted for 4 yr (1987–1990) at the Macdonald Campus of McGill University to evaluate the applicability of ICM (140 kg N ha−1, 480 g a.i. ethephon ha−1, 70 g triadimefon ha−1 and 10-cm row spacing) vs. conventional cereal management (CCM) (70 kg N ha− and 20-cm row spacing) on spring barley. Four barley cultivars (Cadette, Joly, Laurier and Leger) were grown on three soil types: Bearbrook clay, St. Bernard loam and Chicot loamy sand. Grain yields of most cultivars were either unchanged or decreased 5–30% by ICM whereas Laurier occasionally yielded better under ICM than CCM. A general increase in spikes m−2 that resulted from ICM was largely offset by a reduction in grains per spike. Although ICM increased crude protein concentrations in grain and straw, use of 15N-labelled fertilizer showed a lower N recovery rate. The results indicated that yield response to ICM was inconsistent and was influenced to a large extent by prevailing weather and soil conditions. The ICM package tested is not applicable in this region. Key words: Conventional cereal management (CCM), intensive cereal management (ICM), 15N, nitrogen recovery, protein, soil type, spring barley

Yield and quality of forage from intercrops of barley and annual ryegrass

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Thompson ◽  
D. G. Stout ◽  
Z. Mir ◽  
T. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
South Central

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and four annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) types were intercropped to evaluate the potential yield and quality of forage which can be produced under irrigation in southern interior B.C. All treatments were intercrops; when barley cultivar effects are described they are averaged over the ryegrasses and vice versa. Barley cultivars differed in grain maturity. Ryegrass cultivars included diploid and tertraploid Italian and Westerwolds types. Intercrops including late grain maturing barley cultivars (Samson and Virden) increased the yield of the first silage cut (both by 25% over 2 yr) compared to Diamond, a medium-maturing cultivar adapted to the area. Intercrops containing the semi-dwarf barley, Samson, produced more digestible forage including higher in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and lower ADF and lignin. Annual ryegrass yield in the first cut intercropped with Samson was almost twice that with either Diamond or Virden, showing that Samson barley is less competitive. Second-cut yield (ryegrass regrowth) was greater for tetraploid than diploid annual ryegrasses. Yields of fall pasture (cuts 3 and 4) were similar among ryegrass cultivars. Cuts 2 and 3 (ryegrass only) of Italian ryegrasses had superior quality (higher IVDDM and protein; and lower ADF, lignin, and NDF) to Westerwolds ryegrassses, but all cultivars had similar quality in the late fall (Cut 4). It was concluded that a range of barley and annual ryegrass cultivars can be successfully intercropped to produce forage in south central B.C.Key words: Intercropping, barley annual ryegrass, forage yield and quality

YIELD RESPONSE OF SPRING BARLEY TO ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. FINLAY ◽  
E. REINBERGS ◽  
T. B. DAYNARD
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Row Width

Four cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L. were grown in 1967 at three seeding rates (54, 108, and 161 kg/ha) in six row spacings (11-, 18-, 23-, and 31-cm rows, and 11- and 18-cm cross-planted rows). The study was expanded in 1968 to include an additional cultivar of Hordeum distichum L. Grain yield was unaffected by seeding rate in either year. Narrow row spacing resulted in increased grain yields in 1968, when mean yields were high, but not in 1967 when yields were below normal. In both years, decreased row width resulted in increased numbers of spikes per m2 of ground area, and decreased numbers of grains per spike. A significant cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield was observed in 1968, but not in 1967. Statistical analysis revealed this interaction to be closely related to cultivar yield levels; that is, high yielding cultivars displayed a greater response to narrowing row spacing than did their lower-yielding counterparts. No consistent relationship was observed between cultivar yield differences, or the cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield, and cultivar differences in morphological type (leaf disposition, plant height). Furthermore, cultivar differences in yield were not related to the relative size of the various yield components (1000-grain weight, grains per spike, and spikes per m2). Although a cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield was observed, results suggest that, under Ontario conditions, this interaction does not represent a serious drawback to present cultivar testing procedures whereby cultivars are evaluated for yield at a single row width spacing.

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

Effects of waterlogging in the spring on soil conditions and the growth and yield of spring barley in three cultivation systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Hodgson ◽  
G. M. Whiteley ◽  
Anna E. Bradnam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Oxygen Flux ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Cultivation Systems ◽  
Normal Rainfall

SummaryExperiments were carried out in 1985 and 1986 on a sandy clay–loam to investigate the effects of above average rainfall in May and early June on the growth of the spring barley cv. Klaxon in three systems of cultivation. The cultivation treatments, ploughing (P), shallow-tine cultivation (S) and direct drilling (D), had been repeated on the same plots and cropped with spring barley each year since 1971.A total of 112 mm water was applied to the waterlogged subplots in 1985 and 168 mm in 1986.Compared with plots receiving the normal seasonal rainfall, extra water had no effect on shoot or grain yield in 1985 (mean grain yield 6·38 t/ha) and there were no significant differences between cultivation systems. In 1986, in contrast, water, in excess of normal rainfall, depressed both shoot growth and grain yield (mean grain yields 4·49 and 4·07 t/ha for the normal rainfall and the additional water treatments, respectively), the effect being greater on P than on either S or D.In both years, saturation was achieved in the topsoil for a prolonged period during May and early June in the waterlogged subplots. In 1985 this was associated with a period of low oxygen flux and low redox potential, but this did nothave a significant effect on root or shoot growth. In 1986 there was no comparable period of reduced aeration, nor any significant differences in oxygen flux or redox potentials between water and cultivation treatments. In 1986, reduced growth and yield were directly associated with a mean reduction in N recovery by shoots of 36 kg N/ha, the effect being greatest on the ploughed plots where water was added. The results do not support the hypothesis that waterlogging per seaffects the growth of barley more on ploughed than on direct-drilled land.

scholarly journals Breeding and genetic patterns in trait expression and efficiency of creation of spring barley cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Kozachenko ◽  
N. I. Vasko ◽  
O. H. Naumov ◽  
P. M. Solonechnyi ◽  
O. V. Solonechna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
State Register ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
The Creation

Aim. Solutions of scientific problems of increasing the efficiency of genetic breeding methods are important objectives in the creation of valuable spring barley cultivars. Methods. Analyses of variance, variation, correlation and regression as well as genetic methods of analyzing features of genotypes in the diallel crossing and top-crossing design were used. Results. The important scientific problems with regard to increasing the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity, brewing quality and starch fraction composition were solved by establishing morphological and biological characteristics, dispersion, correlation, variability, adaptability, breeding and genetic peculiarities of inheritance, heritability, components of genetic variation, combining ability of plant traits as well as the effectiveness of hybridization and mutagenesis methods. As a result of the patterns established, the efficiency of the creation of economically valuable spring barley cultivars was increased. Conclusions. The new solutions of important scientific problems of raising the efficiency of breeding for yield capacity and grain quality were proposed and generalized. On this basis, valuable cultivars were created. As of 2017, 17 of them have been were included in the State Register of Plant Varieties suitable for dissemination inUkraine. Keywords: breeding-genetic patterns, Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar, breeding method, yield capacity and grain quality.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SIMULATED SPRING FROST ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF THREE BARLEY CULTIVARS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McKENZIE ◽  
D. G. FARIS ◽  
R. M. DE PAUW
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Freezing Chamber

Three spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were planted at four seeding dates to evaluate the effect of a simulated frost at the two-leaf stage on growth and yield. A portable field freezing chamber was used to subject the plants to a − 5.6 °C stress. The frost caused 49, 64 and 68% injury to the leaves and delayed heading by 2.4, 1.4 and 2.4 days in Gait, Atlas and Olli, respectively. Frost also reduced the number of tillers per plant, ripe heads per plant and plants per plot in all cultivars. Although the late-maturing cultivar Galt had the most leaf frost resistance, the average 13.8% yield reduction within all three cultivars, owing to the freezing stress, was not significantly different between any of the cultivars. Complete defoliation by clipping resulted in no further reduction in yield than that which occurred from partial defoliation by freezing. Delayed seeding resulted in an 8.6% reduction in yield. Frost reduced the yield of early seeded cultivars by 9.8% and late-seeded cultivars by 17.1%.

scholarly journals Physiologic Quality and Biochemical Characters of Barley Seeds Produced Under Nitrogen Doses and Growing Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Lanes B. A. Jaques ◽  
Ivan R. Carvalho ◽  
Vinícius J. Szareski ◽  
Henrique E. Rodrigues ◽  
Ítala T. P. Dubal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Physiological Quality

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is considered one of the most important cereals, such as maize, rice and wheat, due to its multiplicity of usage, as much for human consumption as for feed. The Nitrogen is one of the main nutrients that influences the quality and productivity of barley seeds because it participates in numerous metabolic routes. It is a limiting factor of the production, the lack or the excess can bring consequence to the culture. In this manner, the present study aims to evaluate the influence of different nitrogen doses on the physiologic quality and biochemical characters of brewing barley seeds produced in two growing environments. The experiment was conducted in the 2017 crop season, in a randomized block design, organized in a factorial scheme, being 2 cultivation environment × 2 brewing barley cultivars × 4 nitrogen doses, disposed in four replicates. The physiological quality of the seeds was evaluated by germination, first counting of germination, accelerated aging, field emergence, shoot and root length, dry mass of shoot and root of seedlings, electrical conductivity (3, 6 and 24 hours) and isoenzymes. The growing environment promotes differences in the barley seeds physiologic quality. The nitrogen fertilizing, at dose of 120 kg ha-1, results in superiority in the physiologic quality of seeds. The cultivar BRS Cauê in both environments presented higher vigor. The nitrogen fertilizing alters the isoenzymatic expression of barley seedlings, creating variation in the bands intensity, at different nitrogen doses.

Mixture performance of phenotypically contrasting barley cultivars

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. C. Essah ◽  
N. C. Stoskopf
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Spike Number

There is lack of information on the yield and yield component performance of same-row and alternate-row mixtures (SRM and ARM) of widely contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) phenotypes. Therefore, four phenotypically contrasting spring barley cultivars, each selected to represent a unique combination of spike type (two-row or six-row), height (short or tall) and days to maturity (early or late) were used in 1991 and 1992 in field experiments at the Elora Research Station in Ontario, Canada, with the objective of determining whether a yield and/or yield-component advantage could be associated with same-row or alternate-row mixtures of barley cultivars. The four cultivars chosen for the study were each grown as monocrops, and in all six possible binary (two-cultivar) mixture combinations as same-row or alternate-row mixtures, in a randomized complete block design. A 13% yield increase of early, short:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent (weighted mean of the components grown in monocrop) yield in 1991, and 14% yield increase of early, tall:late, tall SRM over the midcomponent yield in 1992 was observed. Between the 2 yr, cultivars in ARM produced similar or significantly greater yields than the monocrop yields, except in 1991, when the late, short cultivar in ARM with early, tall cultivar produced significantly lower yields than in monocrop. The spike number m–2 was similar for all mixtures and their midcomponents, except in 1992, when early, short:late, short in ARM produced 7.0% more spikes than the midcomponent. The results of this study indicate a possible yield advantage of phenotypically contrasting barley mixtures compared to monocrops, with early, short:late, tall and early, tall:late, tall in same-row mixtures having the best combining abilities. Key words: Barley, phenotypes; mixture, same row; mixture, alternate-row; maturity; height

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