Effets de régies culturales sur le rendement et la biomasse aérienne de trois cultivars de blé de printemps

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tremblay ◽  
C. Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Conventional Management

Although bioclimatic conditions of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands are generally good enough to grow wheat for bread, management of this wheat production is poorly known in Quebec. Yields and total above-ground dry-matter biomass of three spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Max, Columbus and Katepwa) were measured in 1991 and 1992 under three management systems on a clay loam soil of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands. Reduced (50 kg N ha−1 and 375 plants m−2), conventional (100 kg N ha−1 and 375 plants m−2) and intensive (150 kg N ha−1 and 450 plants m−2) management systems were compared. In 1991, significant differences were observed among cultivars for four variables: stem weight, harvest index, tillers per square metre, and 1000-kernel weight. The management effect is less important than the cultivar effect. In 1992, significant differences among cultivars were observed for six of the nine variables measured, and seven of the nine variables measured differed with management. No significant cultivar × management interactions were observed in either year. Increasing input levels did not increase yield in 1991, probably because of the drier conditions. In the cooler and rainy growing season of 1992, intensive management increased wheat yield compared with that of reduced and conventional management. In both years, grain yield under reduced management was not significantly different from that under conventional management. Grain yield under intensive management was significantly higher than under reduced and conventional management in 1992 but not in 1991. The results of this study did not clearly show that intensive management was really better in the climatic conditions of the Saint Lawrence Lowlands than conventional or reduced management. Key words: Spring wheat, management, nitrogen, yield, dry matter, harvest index

scholarly journals A STUDY OF ANCESTRAL AND MODERN CANADIAN SPRING WHEATS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HUCL ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Spike Number

Spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) representing a century of crop breeding effort were evaluated in three rain-fed environments to determine which yield-related traits have been altered over time. Plant height and the length of the vegetative growth phase were shortened during the pre-Thatcher era. Spikelet number has been reduced but kernel weight increased during the period of cultivar development discussed herein. Tiller production has changed little since the turn of the century while spike number has been reduced slightly in the post-Thatcher period. Harvest indices increased with the introduction of Thatcher, but neither that trait nor crop grain yield have undergone consistent improvements since the 1930s. A significant cultivar × environment interaction resulted from adverse environment having a greater negative impact on grain yield of the older cultivars Red Fife and Marquis relative to their descendents. HY320, representing a potential new market class (Canadian Prairie Spring), yielded 25% more than standard height cultivars due to a higher biological yield and harvest index. Crop and spike grain yields were associated with kernel number/spike (r = 0.78,0.75) and days to spike emergence (r = 0.50,0.55), suggesting that high grain yield in this material is a function of maturity-dependent kernel production. Future improvements in grain yield might result from selection for higher harvest index since the latter trait is positively correlated with yield (r = 0.63) but not associated with maturity (−0.17).Key words: Old cultivars, spring wheat, yield components, harvest index, cultivar × environment interaction

scholarly journals Impact of Climate Change on Durum Wheat Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Sabella ◽  
Alessio Aprile ◽  
Carmine Negro ◽  
Francesca Nicolì ◽  
Eliana Nutricati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Plant Life Cycle

Climate change will inevitably affect agriculture. Simulations of the effects of climate change on the agronomic performance (plant height, biomass dry weight, number of spikes, grain weight, harvest index, and 1000-kernel weight) of nine durum wheat cultivars were performed to identify the genotypes that will have a greater yield potential over the next 50 years. Plants were grown in two Fitotron® CGR crop growth chambers: “room 2020” designed to reproduce the current climatic conditions (control) and “room 2070”, designed to simulate the expected climate for the year 2070 in the RCP8.5 scenario (800 ppm, elevated [CO2], and a temperature increase of 2.5 °C). The plant life cycle was clearly shorter in “room 2070” due to the physiological strategy of the plant to escape the high summer temperatures through early ripening of the kernels. Again, in “room 2070”, the modern cultivars Rusticano, San Carlo, and Simeto and the old cultivar Cappelli increased the grain yield. Surprisingly, Cappelli seemed to be particularly suitable for cultivation in an environment rich in atmospheric CO2 and under high temperature stress, since it produced a grain yield that was approximately three times higher than the other varieties.

Inheritance of grain protein concentration, grain yield, and related traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. McKendry ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
L. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

The inheritance of grain protein concentration (GPC), grain protein yield (GPY), total nitrogen at maturity (TNM), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), grain yield (GY), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) were studied in two spring wheat crosses, 'HY521/UM684' and 'HY521/Sinton' in 1985 at Winnipeg and Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. Analysis of variance of parental performance by location indicated that the parents differed significantly for all traits measured and that genotype by location interactions accounted for less than 8% of the observed variation. Generation means analyses indicated that all traits were primarily under genetic control in both crosses with additive gene action being significant for all traits studied. Dominance gene action was detected for all traits but the degree and direction was both trait and genotype specific. Additive × additive epistasis was significant for GPY, TNM, GY, and TDM, but again, was genotype specific. Variance analyses indicated a large genetic component of the variation relative to the environmental component for all traits studied. F2 broad sense heritabilities were moderately high for GPC (0.57–0.76), GPY (0.57–0.76), TNM (0.56–0.73), NHI (0.39–0.59), GY (0.51–0.70), TDM (0.65–0.79) and HI (0.50–0.67). Narrow sense heritabilities were moderately high for GPC (0.50–0.75) and HI (0.49–0.58) but were somewhat lower for GPY (0.26–0.48), TNM (0.27–0.38), NHI (0.24–0.38), GY (0.27–0.39) and TDM (0.32–0.65). Implications of the results of this study on breeding for simultaneous improvement in GPC and GY are discussed.Key words: bread wheat, heritability, grain protein yield, total nitrogen at maturity, nitrogen harvest index, total dry matter, harvest index, breeding strategies.

scholarly journals Yield Potential and Variability of Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Germplasms under Intensive and Conventional Management Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Muluken Bayable ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Getachew Alemayehu ◽  
Wataru Tsuji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Potential Estimate

Teff is the most strategic cereal crop grown from high rainfall to drought prone areas of Ethiopia, where it covers nearly 30% of the land allotted for cereals. However, its productivity remains very low due to lack of knowledge and research interventions. To investigate the grain yield potential, estimate the genetic parameters, and the diversity, a pot experiment with intensive management and a field experiment with conventional management at two contrasting locations for two seasons using the same 317 genotypes and additional 3 improved cultivars in the field experiment were carried out. The results showed highly significant variation among the genotypes for grain yield, biomass, harvest index, and phenological traits under both experiments. The best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP)-adjusted grain yield performance of the genotypes ranged from 4.2 to 8.8 g/plant in the intensive management and 1.8 to 4.3 g/plant in the field growing condition with conventional management. Coefficient of genetic variation, heritability, and expected genetic advance for grain yield were the highest in both experiments. Among the phenological traits, the grain filling period in the intensive growing condition exceptionally showed the highest genetic coefficient of variation and genetic advance. The high grain yield performance and wider range of the harvest index observed under the intensive management condition with moderate to high heritability signifies the genetic potential of teff for further improvement through trait recombination.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF FERTILIZER N AND SOIL MOISTURE ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS, PROTEIN CONTENT AND N ACCUMULATION IN THE ABOVEGROUND PARTS OF SPRING WHEAT

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. CAMPBELL ◽  
H. R. DAVIDSON ◽  
F. G. WARDER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts

The accumulation of aboveground dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) by spring wheat (T. aestivum L. cv. Manitou) grown on stubble land in lysimeters at two moisture levels (irrigation and natural rainfall) and seven rates of N was measured at five sampling dates. With irrigation, DM increased exponentially with time and N fertilization. This also occurred on dryland except between shot blade and anthesis when DM accumulated more slowly and plants lost 20% of their N at application rates > 61.5 kg N/ha. Rainfall after anthesis increased grain yields of dryland crops fertilized with > 61.5 kg N/ha more than those receiving less N because the former plants still had residual fertilizer N available to them. Grain yield response to N fertility followed the law of diminishing returns on irrigated land, but on dryland the relationship fitted a logarithmic growth curve. Grain yield when neither water nor N was added was 1,600 kg/ha; it increased by 71, 47 and 300% when water, 164 kg N/ha, and water plus 164 kg N/ha, respectively, were applied. On dryland, grain protein was 15.4% with no N applied and 17.0% at rates > 61.5 kg/ha; on irrigation, it increased from 14.1 to 15.7% with increasing N levels. Number of heads and kernels and kernel weight were increased by irrigation but only the two former parameters were increased by N. Dry matter accumulation was related to N concentration in plants by: DM = (%N)−k where k was < 1. N accumulated in plants at a faster rate than DM. The maximum rate of N accumulation was not affected by moisture; it was highest (4.7 kg N/ha/day) at a fertilizer rate of 123 kg N/ha. Irrigated plants recovered one-half or more of the fertilizer N, and dryland plants recovered one-quarter to one-third. Fertilizer recovery decreased with increasing fertilizer N. At maturity more than 70% of the N in the aboveground plant parts was located in the grain; N fertilizer had little effect on this porportion but drought during flowering retarded translocation of assimilates to the grain.

scholarly journals Influence of sowing dates and nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of scented rice cv. Pusa Sugandh-3 in Kashmir valley

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709
Author(s):  
Sheeraz Ahmad Wani ◽  
Sameera Qayoom ◽  
Mohammad Amin Bhat ◽  
Bilal Ahmad Lone ◽  
Aijaz Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Sowing Dates

A field experiment was carried out to determine the optimum sowing date and nitrogen (N) level for the scented rice cv. Pusa Sugandh-3. Twelve treatment combinations of 3 sowing dates, viz., 15th, 16th and 18th standard meteorological week (SMW) at an interval of 10 days and 4 nitrogen levels (‘0’, ‘40’, ‘60’ and ‘80’ kg N ha-1) were tested randomized in split plot design with three replications. Significant highest plant height (98.56 cm), tillers m-2 (333.41), dry matter (98.38 q ha-1), panicles m-2 (310.05), spikelets panicle-1(130.25) and grains panicle-1 (98.55), grain yield (45.2 q ha-1), harvest index (41.20 %), head rice recovery (47.5 %) and B:C ratio (3.03) were recorded for the early sown 15th SMW crop. Among the different nitrogen levels tested significant highest plant height (98.12 cm), tillers m-2 (342.33) dry matter (100.68 q ha-1), panicles m-2 (321.83), spikelets panicle-1(132.83) grains panicle-1 (96.79), grain yield (48.0 q ha-1), harvest index (42.68 %), head rice recovery (44.54 %) and B:C ratio (3.38) were recorded with the application of 80 kg N ha-1.Therefore, the variety, Pusa Sugandh-3 should be sown earlier in season from 15th to 16th SMW and with nitrogen application of 60-80 kg N ha-1 for realizing economically higher grain yield and profit under the temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir valley.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Post-anthesis sink size in a high-yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
I Aguilar ◽  
DR Laing
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
The One

Experiments to study the effect of grain number per sq metre on kernel weight and grain yield in a high-yielding dwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora 70) were conducted in three seasons (1971–1973) under high-fertility irrigated conditions in north-western Mexico. Crop thinning, shading and carbon dioxide fertilization (reported elsewhere), and crowding treatments, all carried out at or before anthesis, led to a wide range in grain numbers (4000 to 34,000/m2). Results indicated the response of grain yield to changing sink size (grains per sq metre), with the post-anthesis environment identical for all crops each year, and with all but the thinner crops intercepting most of the post-anthesis solar radiation. Kernel weight fell linearly with increase in grain number over the whole range of grain numbers studied, but the rate of fall varied with the season. Grain yield, however, increased, reaching a maximum at grain numbers well above those of crops grown with optimal agronomic management but without manipulation. It was concluded that the grain yield in normal crops was limited by both sink and post-anthesis source. There was some doubt, however, as to the interpretation of results from crowded crops, because of likely artificial increases in crop respiration on the one hand, and on the other, in labile carbohydrate reserves in the crops at anthesis. Also deterioration in grain plumpness (hectolitre weight) complicates the simple inference that further gains in yield can come from increased grain numbers alone.

DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND REDISTRIBUTION AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO GRAIN YIELD AND GRAIN PROTEIN IN WHEAT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICK M. McMULLAN ◽  
PETER B. E. McVETTY ◽  
AILEEN A. URQUHART
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nitrogen Harvest

Dry matter and nitrogen (nitrate and reduced) accumulation and redistribution in four different spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown at field density were studied on a plant part and whole plant basis over the growing season for 2 yr. The four cultivars displayed significant differences in plant part and total plant dry matter, harvest index, nitrogen content, nitrogen concentration, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen translocated values at most sample dates in both years. Grain yield was highly correlated with dry matter accumulation (r = 0.88**), while grain nitrogen content was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content (r = 0.95**). Nitrogen harvest index and plant nitrogen content were correlated at anthesis (r = 0.61**), while, as a consequence of this, the amount of nitrogen translocated was highly correlated with plant nitrogen content at anthesis (r = 0.87**). Nitrogen harvest index and harvest index were highly correlated (r = 0.83**), indicating that they may be related processes. Since plant dry matter and plant nitrogen content were not significantly correlated, it should be possible to select simultaneously for these traits to effect grain yield and grain nitrogen content increases on a per-plant basis. Further research will have to be done to determine how these changes will relate to grain nitrogen concentrations and grain yield per unit area.Key words: Wheat, dry matter, nitrogen, yield, protein, Triticum aestivum L.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cultivar, Nitrogen Supply and Soil Type on Radiation Use Efficiency and Harvest Index in Spring Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Xizi Wang ◽  
Svend Christensen ◽  
Jesper Svensgaard ◽  
Signe M. Jensen ◽  
Fulai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Radiation Use

There is an urgent need among plant breeders for a deeper understanding of the links between wheat genotypes and their ability to utilize light for biomass production and their efficiency at converting the biomass into grain yield. This field trail was conducted to investigate the variations in radiation use efficiency (RUE) and harvest index (HI) of four spring wheat cultivars grown on two soil types with two nitrogen (N) fertilization levels. Grain yield (GY) was significantly higher with 200 kg N ha−1 than 100 kg N ha−1 and on clay soil than on sandy soil, and a similar trend was observed for shoot dry matter (DM) at maturity. RUE and HI was neither affected by cultivar nor N-fertilization, but was affected by soil type, with a significantly higher RUE and HI on clay than on sandy soil. The differences of water holding capacity between the two soil types was suggested to be a major factor influencing RUE and HI as exemplified by the principal component analysis. Thus, to achieve a high RUE and/or HI, sustaining a good soil water status during the critical growth stages of wheat crops is essential, especially on sandy soils with a low water holding capacity.

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