Mineral composition of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on a saline soil high in sulfate salts

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Beke ◽  
K. M. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Ion Regulation ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Nonsaline Soil

Little information is available on the ion control mechanisms of safflower and flax under the sulfate-salinity conditions typical of the Canadian prairies region. Chemical constituents of Saffire safflower and Andro flax were investigated in the field to evaluate their response to soil salinity. Mean Ca:Mg and K:Na ratios of plant tops, yield, and seed oil-content were lower on saline soil than on nonsaline soil. On saline soil, the total cation content of flax tops decreased less rapidly with age than that of safflower, mainly due to high uptake of Na+ by flax. The pattern of ion regulation in safflower (high K:Na ratio) typifies a more "tolerant" response to salinity than that in flax. Key words: Mineral composition, oilseed crops, saline field soil, Na2SO4 salinity, Na+ uptake, K:Na ratio

Comparing fall and spring seeding of Kochia scoparia on saline soil

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steppuhn ◽  
D. G. Green ◽  
G. Winkleman ◽  
J. A. Kernan ◽  
E. Coxworth
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Growing Conditions

Kochia scoparia naturally invades distributed soils in the Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies and offers potential as a forage crop in saline environments. A 3-yr study conducted on severely saline soil near Swift Current, Saskatchewan, compared kochia production resulting from fall (natural- and implement-seeded) and spring (early- and late-seeded) treatments. Late spring-seeded crops produced, on average, 5.4 t of dry, shoot biomass per ha per yr. Early spring and fall-seeded kochia (naturally or implement-placed) yielded between 5.4 and 10.9 t ha−1. Of the nine comparisons between forage yields from fall and spring seedings, six favored fall over spring, two were equal, and one produced more forage from early spring seedings than from the naturally-seeded fall treatment. The late spring treatment consistently produced the least forage. Fall seedings exhibited a greater potential for forage production because fall-seeded plants usually established early in the growing season and in sufficient number to fully exploit soil and water resources when conditions became favorable and effective rooting depths were not restricted by concentrated salt layers. When drier growing conditions prevailed, the lower plant densities associated with early spring seedings tended to minimize plant competition and foster greater forage production. Key words: Kochia forage, seeding dates, salinity, Kochia establishment, Kochia agronomy

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

scholarly journals Effects of Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani on the growth of soybean in saline soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.F. Chang ◽  
S.F. Hwang ◽  
R.L. Conner ◽  
H.U. Ahmed ◽  
Q. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Short Season

Soybean (Glycine max) acreage on the Canadian Prairies has increased rapidly in recent years. Production has expanded into semiarid regions where irrigation and drainage problems often result in the accumulation of salts in the soil. Fusarium avenaceum and Rhizoctonia solani are the two dominant pathogens in the disease complex that cause root rot and seedling blight of legume crops on the Canadian Prairies. The effects of F. avenaceum or R. solani in combination with soil salinity on soybean root rot were evaluated under greenhouse and mini-plot conditions. As expected, inoculation with F. avenaceum or R. solani consistently reduced seedling emergence and increased root rot severity in soybean. At high soil electrical conductivity values and inoculum densities, seedling emergence decreased and root rot severity increased in soybean in both trials with F. avenaceum and R. solani. Twenty short-season soybean cultivars that were well suited for production in Alberta were evaluated for their reactions to inoculation with F. avenaceum or R. solani in a saline soil (21.1 dS m−1). High seedling emergence was observed for cultivars 900Y61, P002T04R, 900Y01, TH27005RR, P001T34R, and 900Y81 in the non-inoculated control, for P002T04R and 900Y61 in the F. avenaceum treatment, and for 900Y61, 900Y81, and 900Y71 in the R. solani treatment. Root rot severity was low for cultivars NSC Portage and 900Y61 in the non-inoculated control and P002T004R in the F. avenaceum treatment. The cultivar 900Y61 also consistently had lower disease severity over the trials in the mini-plot test.

NORMAN FLAX

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 993-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD O. KENASCHUK ◽  
JOHN A. HOES
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Production Areas

NorMan is a medium-early, high-oil, high yielding oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivar developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. The cultivar is immune to all North American races of rust (Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lév.), resistance being conditioned by the L6 gene. NorMan is adapted to all flax production areas of the Canadian prairies but is particularly well adapted to Manitoba conditions.Key words: Flax, oilseed, Linum usitatissimum L., cultivar description

Response of Kochia scoparia to nitrogen fertilization on a saline soil

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Steppuhn ◽  
D. G. Green ◽  
J. E. Knipfel ◽  
E. Coxworth ◽  
J. A. Kernan
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Safe Limit ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Disturbed Soils

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. naturally invades mechanically disturbed soils in the Brown and Dark Brown soil zones of the Canadian Prairies and offers potential as a forage crop in saline environments. A 3-yr study conducted on severely saline soil (~ 11 dS m−1) near Swift Current, Saskatchewan, evaluated the production of kochia forage and plant-N uptake following applications of 0, 56, 112 and 168 kg N ha−1 of ammonium nitrate. The yield response in aboveground, dried forage (Y) followed a curvilinear function based on the quantity of nitrogen applied (N): Y = 4740 + 38.5N − 0.121N2. The N-fertilizer requirement to produce 7500 kg ha−1 of dried forage (96% of the function maximum) equalled 110 kg N ha−1 and reflected average growing conditions at the study site during 1987–89. The kochia assimilated protein N (Kjeldahl) within its tissue in direct proportion to the fertilizer dosage applied, reaching theoretical maxima which varied yearly: 18 g kg−1 in 1987, 12 g kg−1 in 1988 and 22 g kg−1 in 1989. Although NO3-N concentrations increased with each addition of fertilizer N, the maximum accumulation of NO3 N (0.5 g kg−1) among all the tests and treatments was within the safe limit of 1.1 g kg−1 to avoid livestock poisoning. The efficiency with which the fertilizer N was assimilated by the kochia ranged between 44 and 69% over the test years and fertilizer treatments. Key words: Saline soil, N fertilization, kochia forage, soil fertility, salinity

scholarly journals Influence of Different Management Systems on Gut Microbes and Chemical Constituents of Giant Land Snail (Archachatina marginata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
K. O. Ademolu ◽  
A. B. Idowu ◽  
A. O. Jayeola ◽  
I. Osunsina ◽  
G. A. Dedeke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Gut Microbes ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Impact

  The impact of management systems on the African giant land snail, Archachatina marginata found in Abeokuta, Nigeria was investigated. The gut microbial load, haemolymph biochemical values (proteins, lipids, glucose, Na+, Ca2+,K+, Cl- PO42+) and proximate composition (crude protein, fat, fibre, ash and carbohydrates) of the flesh were determined in these snails. There were significantly (P<0.05) higher colony forming units (cfu) in the gut of snails from the wild (5.24 x103) than the domesticated snails (3.13 x103). The aemolymph biochemical values and flesh proximate composition were significantly higher in the snails from the wild than the domesticated ones. However, antinutrients and mineral composition of the flesh were not significantly affected by the management systems. The implication of these results on snail meat value in Nigeria is discussed.  

A Review on Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Linum usitatissimum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Ramin Ansari ◽  
Mohammad M. Zarshenas ◽  
Amir H. Dadbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
The Family ◽  
Available Information

Conclusion: Despite so much animal studies that have been accomplished, there have not been enough clinical trials done on pharmacological properties of L. usitatissimum. Therefore, this study could be considered as a concise and up to date overview for further facile studies and clinical trials over the valuable plant, L. usitatissimum. Results and Discussion: According to our researches, various properties were attributed to L. usitatisimum including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, analgesic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-tumor, wound healing and Feticidal activities. There were also many reports on disease prevention and healing properties of the flax. Diseases like: GI disorders, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory diseases and some neurological syndromes were mentioned to be treated by Flax. The application of Flax in drug formulations was also investigated. Methods: We searched through databases such as Scopus and PubMed for relevant literature using the keywords: Linum usitatissimum, pharmacology and phytochemical from the beginning to 13 Aug 2017. Nearly 60 relevant papers, relating to a pharmacological and phytochemical constituent of L. usitatissimum were selected. Introduction and Background: Linum usitatissimum L., known as common Flax or linseed, from the family Linnaceae, has long been cultivated in different nations due to its applications in medicine and industry. The present study aims to collect nearly all available information about chemical constituents of Flax, as well as pharmacological properties and confirmed clinical usages of it.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Sequencing and Chemical Analysis Reveal the Formation Mechanism of White Florets in Carthamus tinctorius L.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Tingyan Qiang ◽  
Jiushi Liu ◽  
Yuqing Dong ◽  
Yinbo Ma ◽  
Bengang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Coa Ligase ◽  
Pigment Biosynthesis ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower), an economic crop and herb, has been extensively studied for its diverse chemical constituents and pharmacological effects, but the mechanism of safflower pigments (SP) leading to different colors of florets has not been clarified. In the present study, we compared the contents of SP in two varieties of safflower with white and red florets, named Xinhonghua No. 7 (WXHH) and Yunhong No. 2 (RYH). The results showed the contents of SP in RYH were higher than WXHH. To investigate genes related to SP, we obtained six cDNA libraries of florets from the two varieties by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 225,008 unigenes were assembled and 40 unigenes related to safflower pigment biosynthesis were annotated, including 7 unigenes of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 20 unigenes of 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), 1 unigene of trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase (C4H), 7 unigenes of chalcone synthase (CHS), 4 unigenes of chalcone isomerase (CHI), and 1 unigene of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H). Based on expression levels we selected 16 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) and tested them using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which was consistent with the sequencing results. Consequently, we speculated that in WXHH, 3 PALs, 3 4CLs, 1 C4H, 1 CHS, and 1 CHI, which were down-regulated, and 1 F3H, which was up-regulated, may play a key role in the formation of white florets.

scholarly journals Partitioning of Chemical Constituents in the Leaf and Stover of Sorghum Grown in a Saline Soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H.A. Esechie ◽  
F.R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in l990 and 1991 to determine the concentrations of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), crude protein, cellulose,  hemicellulose. Iignin and ether extract partitioned in the leaf and stower of sorghum grown in a saline soil (EC = 11.8 dSm -1). Twenty three sorghum cultivars comprising 10 female lines. 6 male lines and 7 forage lines were used. TNC was uniformly distributed in the leaf and stover portions. Significantly higher concentrations of cellulose and Iignin were partitioned to the stover portions than the leaf, but the leaf contained larger amounts of hemicellulose and ether extract than the stover. Although, based on TNC contents some of the sorghum types have a potential for methanogenesis, the competing demand as animal feed also needs to be considered.     

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