Non-growing season nitrous oxide fluxes from an agricultural soil as affected by application of liquid and composted swine manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudinie A. Kariyapperuma ◽  
Adriana Furon ◽  
Claudia Wagner-Riddle
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil N

Kariyapperuma, K. A., Furon, A. and Wagner-Riddle, C. 2012. Non-growing season nitrous oxide fluxes from an agricultural soil as affected by application of liquid and composted swine manure. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 315–327. Agricultural soils have been recognized as a significant source of anthropogenic nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, an important greenhouse gas and contributor to stratospheric ozone destruction. Application of liquid swine manure (LSM) has been reported to increase direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Composting of LSM with straw under forced aeration has been suggested as a mitigation practice for emissions of N2O. In cold climates, up to 70% of total annual soil N2O emissions have been observed during winter and spring thaw. Non-growing season soil N2O emissions after field application of composted swine manure (CSM) versus LSM have not been directly compared in past studies. A 2-yr field experiment was conducted at the Arkell Research Station, Ontario, Canada, as a part of a larger study to evaluate composting as a mitigation strategy for greenhouse gases (GHGs). The objectives were to quantify and compare non-growing season N2O fluxes from agricultural soils after fall application of LSM and CSM. Nitrous oxide fluxes were measured using the flux-gradient method. Compared with LSM, CSM resulted in 57% reduction of soil N2O emissions during February to April in 2005, but emissions during the same period in 2006 were not affected by treatments. This effect was related to fall and winter weather conditions with the significant reduction occurring in the year when soil freezing was more pronounced. Compared with LSM, CSM resulted in a reduction of 37% (CO2-eq) of estimated N2O emissions per liter of treated manure and of 50% in the emission factor for the non-growing season.

Short-term effects of tillage of long-term no-till on nitrous oxide emissions from two contrasting Canadian prairie soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462
Author(s):  
B.M.R. Shahidi ◽  
M. Dyck ◽  
S.S. Malhi ◽  
D. Puurveen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
No Till ◽  
Gray Luvisol

The reduction in net CO2 emissions from increased carbon sequestration in soil and slower decomposition of soil organic matter under most long-term no-till (NT) situations can potentially be offset by a concomitant increase in nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions after tillage reversal on long-term NT soils. The objective of this work was to quantify N2O emissions after tillage reversal on two contrasting western Canadian Prairie soils managed under long-term (∼30 yr) NT. We measured one growing season (2010) of soil N2O emissions on a Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol at Ellerslie and Breton, AB, respectively, following 30 yr of NT and N fertilizer application at two rates (0 and 100 kg N ha−1) subjected to tillage reversal and no disturbance (i.e., continuing NT). Tillage reversal after long-term NT was associated with higher N2O emissions in both soils but was significant only in the Gray Luvisol with 0 kg N ha−1. Long-term N fertilizer applications of 100 kg N ha−1 were associated with higher growing season soil N2O emissions and higher levels of soil N (i.e., a positive, long-term soil N balance) at both sites. Regardless of tillage, the difference in growing season nitrous oxide emissions from the 0 and 100 kg N ha−1 plots on the Gray Luvisol were much greater than the Black Chernozem. A modest increase in N2O emissions upon tillage reversal on a long-term NT soils could translate to a significant increase to agricultural greenhouse gas inventories in the event of large-scale tillage reversal on agricultural land in western Canada.

CH4 fluxes and soil CH4 concentration following application of pig slurry for the 19th consecutive year

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Rochette ◽  
Denis Côté
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Static Chamber ◽  
Ch4 Concentration

Agricultural soils often receive annual manure applications over long periods. The objective of this study was to describe the temporal variations of CH4 fluxes during the growing season in an agricultural soil receiving pig slurry for the 19th consecutive year. In mineral-fertilized control plots, CH4 fluxes were small and negative (uptake) during the experiment. Fluxes were also negative in the manured plots except during the first 4 d following slurry application when net emissions were measured. Despite their short duration, these post-application emissions were almost equivalent to the amount of CH4 taken up by these soils during the rest of the snow-free season. Key words: Geenhouse gases, static chamber, methane concentration in soils

Identification of regulatory genes to reduce N2O production

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Siciliano
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
N2o Production ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Production ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Sequential Reduction

Siciliano, S. D. 2014. Identification of regulatory genes to reduce N2O production. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1033–1036. The production of nitrous oxide occurs predominantly by microbial activity. This microbial activity can be broadly sub-divided into denitrification, the sequential reduction of nitrate to nitrous oxide or dinitrogen gas, or into nitrification, the sequential oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. The consumption of nitrous oxide occurs by microbial activity as well, but only by a single pathway, i.e., the activity of nitrous oxide reductase (nos). The purpose of this investigation was to determine the dominant producer of nitrous oxide in our agricultural ecosystems, and then explore how these producers interacted with other biological and edaphic factors to regulate overall nitrous oxide production. Finally, we also investigated what controlled nitrous oxide consumption in these agricultural ecosystems. Much to our surprise, the dominant production of nitrous oxide in these upland agricultural soils occurred by nitrification, likely the nitrification-denitrification pathway. In addition, a root exudate, formate, was a large driver of nitrous oxide release via its interaction with the fungal biomass under micro-aerophilic conditions. Despite these unusual sources of production, what became apparent was that the net flux of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil was linked to denitrifier consumption of nitrous oxide. In conclusion, this project found that there was a wide variety of non-bacterial denitrifier producers of nitrous oxide in an agricultural soil and that they interact not only between themselves but with the plant community. However, the net production of nitrous oxide in agricultural fields was still tightly linked to bacterial denitrification, but through the consumption of nitrous oxide by bacterial denitrifiers.

scholarly journals Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Giovani Preza-Fontes ◽  
Junming Wang ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Meilan Qi ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil N Availability

Freshwater nitrogen (N) pollution is a significant sustainability concern in agriculture. In the U.S. Midwest, large precipitation events during winter and spring are a major driver of N losses. Uncertainty about the fate of applied N early in the growing season can prompt farmers to make additional N applications, increasing the risk of environmental N losses. New tools are needed to provide real-time estimates of soil inorganic N status for corn (Zea mays L.) production, especially considering projected increases in precipitation and N losses due to climate change. In this study, we describe the initial stages of developing an online tool for tracking soil N, which included, (i) implementing a network of field trials to monitor changes in soil N concentration during the winter and early growing season, (ii) calibrating and validating a process-based model for soil and crop N cycling, and (iii) developing a user-friendly and publicly available online decision support tool that could potentially assist N fertilizer management. The online tool can estimate real-time soil N availability by simulating corn growth, crop N uptake, soil organic matter mineralization, and N losses from assimilated soil data (from USDA gSSURGO soil database), hourly weather data (from National Weather Service Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis), and user-entered crop management information that is readily available for farmers. The assimilated data have a resolution of 2.5 km. Given limitations in prediction accuracy, however, we acknowledge that further work is needed to improve model performance, which is also critical for enabling adoption by potential users, such as agricultural producers, fertilizer industry, and researchers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of attempting to provide rapid and cost-effective estimates of soil N availability to support in-season N management decisions, specifically related to the need for supplemental N application. If barriers to adoption are overcome to facilitate broader use by farmers, such tools could balance the need for ensuring sufficient soil N supply while decreasing the risk of N losses, and helping increase N use efficiency, reduce pollution, and increase profits.

Nitrous oxide emissions from red clover and winter wheat residues depend on interacting effects of distribution, soil N availability and moisture level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi ◽  
Baldur Janz ◽  
Rodrigo Labouriau ◽  
Jørgen E. Olesen ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil N Availability

scholarly journals Ammonia-oxidizing archaea are integral to nitrogen cycling in a highly fertile agricultural soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laibin Huang ◽  
Seemanti Chakrabarti ◽  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Ana Perez ◽  
Sophia M. John ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Cycle ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Soil Nitrification ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria

AbstractNitrification is a central process in the global nitrogen cycle, carried out by a complex network of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox) bacteria, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Nitrification is responsible for significant nitrogen leaching and N2O emissions and thought to impede plant nitrogen use efficiency in agricultural systems. However, the actual contribution of each nitrifier group to net rates and N2O emissions remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that highly fertile agricultural soils with high organic matter mineralization rates could allow a detailed characterization of N cycling in these soils. Using a combination of molecular and activity measurements, we show that in a mixed AOA, AOB, and comammox community, AOA outnumbered low diversity assemblages of AOB and comammox 50- to 430-fold, and strongly dominated net nitrification activities with low N2O yields between 0.18 and 0.41 ng N2O–N per µg NOx–N in cropped, fallow, as well as native soil. Nitrification rates were not significantly different in plant-covered and fallow plots. Mass balance calculations indicated that plants relied heavily on nitrate, and not ammonium as primary nitrogen source in these soils. Together, these results imply AOA as integral part of the nitrogen cycle in a highly fertile agricultural soil.

scholarly journals Actinidia arguta Leaf as a Donor of Potentially Healthful Bioactive Compounds: Implications of Cultivar, Time of Sampling and Soil N Level

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3871
Author(s):  
Jan Stefaniak ◽  
Barbara Łata
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Actinidia Arguta ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Fertility

The aim of this study was to assess the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) leaf under different N regimes tested three times in field conditions during the 2015 growing season in two cultivars (‘Weiki’ and ‘Geneva’). Leaf total antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests was evaluated in the years 2015 to 2017, which experienced different weather conditions. Both cultivars exhibited a significant fall in leaf L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as global content of these compounds during the growing season, while total phenolic contents slightly (‘Weiki’) or significantly (‘Geneva’) increased. There was a large fluctuation in antioxidative enzyme activity during the season. The correlation between individual antioxidants and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) depended on the plant development phase. The study revealed two peaks of an increase in TEAC at the start and end of the growing season. Leaf L-AA, global phenolics, APX, CAT and TEAC depended on the N level, but thiol compounds were not affected. Over the three years, TEAC decreased as soil N fertility increased, and the strength of the N effect was year dependent. The relationship between leaf N content and ABTS and FRAP tests was highly negative. The antioxidant properties of kiwiberry leaves were found to be closely related to the plant development phase and affected by soil N fertility.

scholarly journals Biological nitrous oxide consumption in oxygenated waters of the high latitude Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Rees ◽  
Ian J. Brown ◽  
Amal Jayakumar ◽  
Gennadi Lessin ◽  
Paul J. Somerfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Anoxic Environments ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Net Flux ◽  
Traditional Understanding

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is important to the global radiative budget of the atmosphere and contributes to the depletion of stratospheric ozone. Globally the ocean represents a large net flux of N2O to the atmosphere but the direction of this flux varies regionally. Our understanding of N2O production and consumption processes in the ocean remains incomplete. Traditional understanding tells us that anaerobic denitrification, the reduction of NO3− to N2 with N2O as an intermediate step, is the sole biological means of reducing N2O, a process known to occur in anoxic environments only. Here we present experimental evidence of N2O removal under fully oxygenated conditions, coupled with observations of bacterial communities with novel, atypical gene sequences for N2O reduction. The focus of this work was on the high latitude Atlantic Ocean where we show bacterial consumption sufficient to account for oceanic N2O depletion and the occurrence of regional sinks for atmospheric N2O.

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