THE GROWTH AND MINERAL CONTENT OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO AS INFLUENCED BY REACTION OF NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS WITH IONIC FORMS OF NITROGEN

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Ionic Forms

Studies with flue-cured tobacco in sand culture showed that the optimum reaction of the culture medium varied with the ionic forms of nitrogen supplied. Nitrate nitrogen was assimilated most efficiently at pH 5. When both nitrate and ammonium nitrogen were supplied, pH 8 was optimum. Ammonium nitrogen was assimilated by the plant as readily as nitrate when the reaction of the culture medium was favourable.The accumulation of all the major nutrient elements in the leaf tissue was influenced by the reaction of the culture medium. The ash content of the leaves was highest over the range of pH values 4 to 6, inclusive.

scholarly journals Production and Optimization of Xylanase and α-Amylase from Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts (Pichia membranifaciens)

2021 ◽  
pp. 452-461
Author(s):  
Hala A. Salah ◽  
Hanan A. Temerk ◽  
Nivin A. Salah ◽  
Saeed Rafa Zara Alshehri ◽  
Jazi A. Al-Harbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Pichia Membranifaciens ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
26S Rrna ◽  
Saccharomyces Yeasts

The xylanolytic and amylolytic yeasts were qualitatively determined by Cong red xylan agar and soluble starch agar plates, respectively. The most xylanase and α-amylase inducible strain (AUN-02) was selected and identified using PCR amplification of 26S rRNA gene and sequence analysis. The comparison of the alignment results and phylogenetic analysis of the sequences of the isolated yeast to published rRNA gene sequences in GenBank, confirmed the identification of the isolate as Pichia membranifaciens. Xylanase and α-amylase production by isolated P. membranifaciens were investigated at different pH values (4-8), temperature degrees (20-45°C), incubation time (1-7 days) and various substrates.A higher production of xylanase (38.8 U/mL) and a-amylase (28.7 U/mL) was obtained after 4 days of fermentation of P. membranifaciens. Higher activity of xylanase (36.83 U/mL) and a-amylase (27.7 U/mL) was obtained in the fermentation of P. membranifaciens in a culture medium adjusted to pH 7.0. The optimum temperature showed maximum xylanase and a-amylase activity (42.6 and 32.5 units/mL, respectively) was estimated at 35 °C. The xylanase and a-amylase activities of P. membranifaciens were estimated and compared for the different substrates tested. The strain revealed 100% relative activity of xylanase and a-amylase on beechwood and potato starch, respectively. The affinity of enzymes towards substrate was estimated using Km values. The Km values of xylanase and α-amylase increased in the order of pH’s 7.0, 6.0 and 4.5 (0.85, 1.6 and 3.4 mg xylan/mL and 0.22, 0.43 and 2.8 mg starch/mL, respectively). the yeast P. membranifaciensis is suitable for produce neutral xylanase and α-amylase enzymes. So, it could be used as a promising strain for production of these enzymes in industrial field.

Studies on the metabolism of detached tobacco leaves. 1. The influence of potassium nutrition on the growth of tobacco and the quality of cured leaf

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Lovett
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Potassium Nutrition ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Low Potassium ◽  
Colour Changes

Cured tobacco leaf of good quality was produced from plants grown in sand culture in a glass-house. A correlation was noted between potassium nutrition and quality, and moreover, poor quality leaf from low potassium levels showed similar symptoms to those of the 'trashy leaf' of commercial practice. It is concluded that potassium levels in the culture medium, and hence within the plant itself, are related to leaf area, leaf weight per unit area, and loss of fresh weight during curing-characteristics which find expression in the commercial grading system. Colour changes which appeared to be related to the level of potassium supplied were also observed during curing.

Temperature Effects on Absorption and Translocation of Trifluralin and Methazole in Peanuts

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hawxby ◽  
E. Basler ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Rate Of Absorption ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The absorption and translocation of14C-labeled α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) and 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazolidine-3,5-dione methazole from nutrient solutions of various temperatures by(Arachis hypogaeaL. ‘Starr’) seedlings were determined. The accumulation of trifluralin in roots at 24 hr after exposure to trifluralin was greatest at 21 C and decreased at higher temperatures up to 38 C. The amounts of trifluralin translocated and accumulated in hypocotyls, tops, and cotyledons were small but generally increased with temperature. The initial rate of absorption of trifluralin was greater in excised lateral root tips than in tap root tips, but there was a greater accumulation in excised tap roots at 24 hr. The initial rates of absorption were higher for excised lateral roots at high temperatures. Total absorption of trifluralin at equilibrium was not proportional to the initial rates of absorption but was highest at low (21 C) and high (38 C) temperatures for excised lateral roots. The absorption of methazole by roots and translocation to other plant parts increased linearly with temperature, and it tended to accumulate in the mature leaf tissue.

The Influence of pH and Lichen Metabolites (Vulpinic Acid and (+) Usnic Acid) on the Growth of the Lichen Photobiont Trebouxia 1rregularis.

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 577-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bačkor ◽  
J. Hudá ◽  
M. Repčák ◽  
W. Ziegler§ ◽  
M. Bačkorová
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Concentration Effect ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Lichen Metabolites ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Quantitative Response

AbstractThe quantitative response to two lichen metabolites, vulpinic acid and (+) usnic acid, on biomass production by the photobiontTrebouxia irregularis, isolated from the lichenCladina mitis, was determined experimentally. The presence of usnic acid resulted in inhibition of photobiont growth, and the effect depended on the pH of the culture medium. The concentration effect of usnic acid was observed. The application of vulpinic acid almost completely inhibited the growth ofT.irregularisand no significant differences were found among samples at different medium pH values.

Effect of Macrophage on Degradation of β-TCP Ceramics

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Shi Pu Li ◽  
Hong Lian Dai ◽  
Yu Hua Yan ◽  
Xian Ying Cao ◽  
Qi Xin Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Ceramics ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Mice macrophages which were mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ceramics powder were cultured, both calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the culture medium were evidently higher than that of β-TCP ceramics powder without cells. The microscope and SEM observation showed that macrophages wrapped β-TCP particles, and then phagocytized them into cytoplasm. The pH values inside and outside macrophage in β-TCP-bearing were tested. The histochemistry observation showed that there were many carbonic anhydrase positive grains in the cytochylema of macroghage after β-TCP ceramics powder being implanted. TEM investigation indicated that many β-TCP particles were phagocytized into the cytochylema of macroghage, and then vacuole was found after particles had degraded. The results showed that macrophages could take part in the degradation of calcium phosphate ceramics in two different ways.

scholarly journals The prebiotic effect ofAnoectochilus formosanusand its consequences on bone health

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1779-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Chan Yang ◽  
Jin-Bin Wu ◽  
Ting-Jang Lu ◽  
Wen-Chuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Ovarian Hormone ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Calbindin D9k ◽  
Ovx Rats ◽  
Anoectochilus Formosanus ◽  
Biomechanical Strength

The present study evaluated the prebiotic effect of a standardised aqueous extract ofAnoectochilus formosanus(SAEAF) and its effects on osteoporosis in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. The OVX rats were randomly divided into five groups and orally treated with water, SAEAF (200 and 400 mg/kg daily) and inulin (400 mg/kg daily) for 12 weeks. The sham group was orally treated with water. The SAEAF treatment enhanced the number of faecal bifidobacteria in OVX rats. The results of a Ca-balance experiment showed that SAEAF increased apparent Ca absorption and retention. The OVX rats were killed after SAEAF treatment lasting 12 weeks. The SAEAF decreased the caecal pH values and increased the caecal wall weight, caecal mucosa calbindin-D9k mRNA expression, free-Ca concentration and levels of SCFA in the caecum. The mineral content, density and biomechanical strength of bones were lower in OVX rats than the sham group, but these bone losses were prevented by SAEAF administration. Microtomography scanning showed that the SAEAF-treated rats had higher trabecular bone volume than the OVX rats. These results suggest that SAEAF prevented bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency in the rats.

scholarly journals 794 PB 062 THE ROLE OF PHOSPHORUS IN MAGNESIUM TRANS LOCATION IN MUSCADINES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 547a-547
Author(s):  
Creiehton L. Gunton ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Vitis Rotundifolia ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The role of phosphorus (P) in magnesium (Mg) translocation from roots to leaves of muscadines (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) was investigated in shadehouse experiments. Vines of 13 clones were grown for two seasons in sand culture fertilized with nutrient solutions containing no P (-P), 20 PPM P (+P), and -P plus P added during the two weeks before harvest (-P+P). Leaves were sampled at the end of each growing season and in July of the second year and analyzed for P, potassium (K), and Mg content. Mg and K contents of roots were determined at the end of the second year. No interactions occurred between clones and P fertilization levels for Mg or K content, indicating no differences among clones in response of these minerals to P treatments. Leaf Mg content was slightly but significantly lower for -P than +P treatments in the `92 and July `93 samples but about rhe same in September `93. Root Mg content in September `93 was higher for +P than -P or -P+P. No evidence was found that Mg translocation from root to leaves was mediated by P. No Mg deficiency symptoms were visible on the leaves for any treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TISSUE BORON CONCENTRATIONS ON DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION IN BROCCOLI

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 861a-861
Author(s):  
John C. Beaulieu ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Boron Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between tissue B concentration and dry matter accumulation in broccoli. `Pirate ' was grown in fine silica sand and supplied nutrient solutions containing 0.2, 0.8, 1.4, 2.0, 2.6, 3.2, 3.8, and 4.4 mg·liter-1 B. Plants were sampled for the 5th, 10th, and 15th fully expanded mature leaf, and plant material was collected' for dry matter measurement and boron analysis at each growth stage. The lowest specific leaf weights for the 5th, 10th, and 15th leaves were obtained with the 4.4 mg·liter-1 treatment. At maturity, leaf, petiole stalk, and shoot dry weights were lowest at 4.4 mg·liter-1 B. Treatments supplying less than 3.2 mg· liter-1 B, resulted in a notable decrease in tissue B concentrations from the 5th to the 15th leaf. There was a linear increase' in B concentration in all leaf tissue samples as B treatment increased. At maturity, optimum B concentrations of 531.5, 73.7, 29.8, and 64.6 mg·g-1 were found for the lamina, petiole, stalk, and head, respectively. These concentrations occurred in plants receiving treatment levels of 2.0-3.8 mg·liter-1 B.

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