scholarly journals Fiabilité d'une étude pédologique détaillée réalisée en terrain plat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-353
Author(s):  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
L. Lamontagne
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Flat Terrain ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Key Words Reliability ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
Improve Reliability

In order to estimate the reliability of soil information presented in a detailed soil survey (1:20 000 scale) conducted in a flat terrain (Vercheres county, Quebec), 35 randomly selected delineations were inspected with 10 sites per delineation. Reliability was evaluated according to parent material (marine, estuarine and fluvial) and kind of map units (simple and compound). As a whole, mineral soils have been mapped and defined reliably for most criteria commonly used in soil interpretation systems. Reliability of soil information differed significatively with parent material. Taxonomic purity of marine, fluvial and estuarine soils delineations were 70, 58 and 28%, respectively. Although less precise, compound map units were more reliable than simple map units. Among the 13 soil variables studied, A and B horizons texture, B horizon designation and depth to carbonates were the more frequently in error. Results finally indicated that reliability is also a function of the delineation area and inspection density. In order to improve reliability of soil information and accelerate soil survey in future projects, it is suggested to adjust inspection density according to parent material, to reduce the number of classes for a few variables and to avoid excessive use of soil series'variants and delineations of small size (< 4 ha). Key words: Reliability, purity, accuracy, soil survey procedures, inspection density

Observations on the soils of the Outer Hebrides

1979 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glentworth
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Bare Rock ◽  
The North ◽  
Outer Hebrides ◽  
Free Drainage ◽  
Peat Formation ◽  
Basic Rocks ◽  
Poor Drainage

SynopsisThe distribution of soil parent materials in relation to glaciological features is dealt with; from the scoured bare rock of Harris products of Tertiary weathering have been transported northwards and deposited as coarse textured till which underlies the Lewis till plain. Clayey till in the north of Lewis would appear to be deposited by mainland ice which crossed the area. The dominant genetic soil found throughout the islands is a peaty podzol with iron pan which contains an intensely indurated horizon. Peat formation has developed on this soil as a result of the acidity of the parent material and anaerobic waterlogged conditions. Only on well sloping sites were peaty podzol soils with free drainage beneath the pan observed, otherwise the peaty podzol with very poor drainage beneath the pan is better described as a peaty gley soil. Brown earth soils were seen only on ultra-basic rocks on markedly sloping sites.As a result of exposure and frequent high winds the calcareous dunes of the machair are unstable. Fresh sand is deposited on the dry back slopes with a diluent effect on soil fertility. Areas of the machair having imperfect rather than poor drainage provide some of the best arable land which would be rated as Class 3 in the Land Use Capability Classification of the Soil Survey.

Relationships between trace element contents and other soil variables in some Papua New Guinea soils as shown by regression analysis

Soil Research ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bleeker ◽  
MP Austin
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Trace Element Contents ◽  
Element Contents ◽  
Texture Contrast

Multiple linear regression has been used to examine the relationships between total trace element contents and a number of other soil variables in horizons of six texture-contrast soils from Papua-New Guinea. The results indicate that the trace elements can be divided into three groups on the basis of both regression analyses and profile distribution: namely copper, zinc, and nickel; cobalt and manganese; and chromium. With the copper concentration in the soil as the dependent variable a regression equation having an index of determination (R2) of 0.89 was obtained containing as major independent variables copper concentration in the parent material and percentage clay of the soil horizon. Zinc and nickel showed a similar relationship to percentage clay as copper but the major variability of these elements remains unexplained. Manganese and cobalt were found to be mainly related to the presence of a fluctuating water table occurring in three of the six profiles (R2 = 0.59), while chromium was principally related to the percentages of the 50-75, 150-210, and 420-1200 � sand fractions (R2 = 0.84).

Amalgamation and Harmonization of Soil Survey Reports into a Multi-purpose Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Robert Furze ◽  
Paul Arp
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Soil Surveys

There is a growing demand for standardized, easily accessible and detailed information pertaining to soil and its variability across the landscape. Typically, this information is only available for select areas in the form of local or regional soil surveys reports which are difficult, and costly, to develop. Additionally, soil surveying protocols have changed with time, resulting in inconsistencies between surveys conducted over different periods. This article describes systematic procedures applied to generate an aspatial, terminologically- and unit-consistent, database for forest soils from county-based soil survey reports for the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The procedures involved (i) amalgamating data from individual soil surveys following a hierarchical framework, (ii) summarizing and grouping soil information by soil associations, (iii) assigning correct soil associates to each association, with each soil associate distinguished by drainage classification, (iv) assigning pedologically-correct horizon sequences, as identified in the original soil surveys, to each soil associate, (v) assigning horizon descriptors and measured soil properties to each horizon, as outlined by the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and (vi) harmonizing units of measurement for individual soil properties. Identification and summarization of all soil associations (and corresponding soil associates) was completed with reference to the principal soil-forming factors, namely soil parent material, topographic surface expressions, soil drainage, and dominant vegetation type(s). This procedure, utilizing 17 soil surveys, resulted in an amalgamated database containing 106 soil associations, 243 soil associates, and 522 soil horizon sequences summarizing the variability of forest soil conditions across New Brunswick.

scholarly journals Creating GIS on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. From soil survey to international information systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
J. Sládková
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Archive Data

The procedure of processing and utilising the soil information entering the SOTER system is tested on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. The reliability of the archive data is examined, the archive data being updated by a new soil survey, modern (geo)statistical methods, and pedotransfer rules. Using the SOTER methodology, a soil map of the district with the scale of 1:50 000 has been developed. Proposals for the adjustments to the currently valid soil classification system are processed.

How Much Carbon Do the Soils of Papua New Guinea Forests Contain?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sam ◽  
P. Nimiago ◽  
T. Gaima ◽  
M. Gamung ◽  
L. Moripi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Complexing Capacity

Preliminary assessment of carbon in forest soils of Papua New Guinea (PNG) was done for 53 sites. Simple soil-landscape model was constructed to explain how soil carbon relates to landscape position and landform processes. Despite limitations of the soil survey, sufficient data have been obtained to indicate that the amount of carbon in forest soils surveyed so far is related primarily to their carbon-complexing capacity (CCC) which, in turn, depends on their geological parent material and parent rock. Soils were grouped into six categories based on their carbon content. The six categories ranged from very low 0–50 t/ha to extremely high 601–1,000 t/ha. Amalgamating the areas of mapped geological units on the basis of their likely CCC and their median carbon content has enabled the total carbon content of all forest soils in PNG to be estimated as 7,727 × 106 t. This figure is approximate and will be modified as more results are obtained and more sophisticated GIS-based landscape analysis is undertaken. The total carbon in forest biomass, as measured in this National Inventory and estimated for roots, is 4,006 × 106 t. Thus, the total carbon in PNG’s forests at present is estimated to be 11,733 × 106 t, with 66% stored in the soil and 34% in the biomass. The high proportion of ecosystem carbon held in the soil emphasises the importance of implementing soil conservation measures to maintain the total carbon resource in PNG’s forests.

Botanical curiosities of Prodarjeva Grapa gorge in the upper Bača Valley (western Slovenia) / Botanične posebnosti Prodarjeve grape v zgornji Baški dolini (zahodna Slovenija)

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-200
Author(s):  
Igor Dakskobler ◽  
Andrej Marinčič
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Rock Wall ◽  
New Association ◽  
Platy Limestone

We researched the vegetation of the protected lower part of the Prodarjeva Grapa gorge in the foothills of Mt. Porezen in the upper Bača Valley. Its botanical curiosities are the localities of protected or rare species Moehringia villosa, Pri­mula auricula,Pinguicula vulgarisand Carex frigida. All four occur (but are not limited to) on the rocky and gra­velly shady area in the lower part of the gorge with a distinctly cold local climate. The relief, climate and parent material (platy limestone with admixture of marlstone and chert) are the decisive factors that allow for the occurrence of the previously unknown community of wet spring areas, which we classify into the new association Pinguiculo vul­garis-Cari­cetum frigidae, alliance Cratoneurion commutatiand class Montio-Cardaminetea, in this area. It is syndynamically connected with surrounding communities of wet screes and rock crevices. Screes under the rock wall are partly overgrown with a community of Molinia arundinaceaand Adeno­styles glabra (Adenostylo glabrae-Molinietum arundinaceanom. prov.), on the fringes in places also with an open low-growth hop-hornbeam and manna ash forest (Palustriello commutati-Ostryetum carpinifoliaenom. prov.). Key words: vegetation, synsystematics, Carex frigida, Moehringia villosa, Pinguicula vulgaris, Primula auricula,Bača Valley, Porezen, Natura 2000   Izvleček Raziskali smo rastje spodnjega, zavarovanega dela Prodarjeve grape v prigorju Porezna v zgornji Baški dolini. Njene botanične posebnosti so nahajališča zavarovanih ali redkih vrst: Moehringia villosa, Primula auricula,Pinguicula vulgarisin Carex frigida. Vse štiri med drugim rastejo v skalnatem in gruščnatem osojnem območju v spodnjem delu grape z izrazito hladnim krajevnim podnebjem. Relief, podnebje in geološka podlaga (ploščasti apnenec s primesjo laporovca in roženca) so odločilni dejavniki za tukajšnje uspevanje do zdaj nepoznane rastlinske združbe vlažnih povirij, ki jo uvrščamo v novo asociacijo Pinguiculo vulgaris-Caricetum frigidae,v zvezo Cratoneurion commutatiin v razred Montio-Cardaminetea. Sindinamsko je povezana z okoliškimi združbami vlažnih melišč in skalnih razpok, pri čemer se melišča pod steno deloma zaraščajo z združbo trstikaste stožke – Adenostylo glabrae-Molinietum arundinaceanom. prov., na robovih tudi z vrzelastim nizkim gozdom črnega gabra in malega jesena – Palustriello commutati-Ostryetum carpinifoliaenom. prov. Ključne besede: vegetacija, sinsistematika, Carex frigida, Moehringia villosa, Pinguicula vulgaris, Primula auricula, Baška dolina, Porezen, Natura 2000

Development of Podzols in relation to Jenny's soil formation factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiina Törmänen ◽  
Antti-Jussi Lindroos ◽  
Hannu Ilvesniemi ◽  
Mike Starr
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
National Database ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Soil Formation Factors

&lt;p&gt;Podzols are considered to be the most common upland forest soil type in Finland. However, there have only been a few studies that have examined the degree of podsolization in Finnish soils. More detailed information about this dominating process in our soils can be utilized in other kinds of environmental research such as the impacts of climate change, carbon and nutrient cycling, and the degradation of soil and water systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We studied how the intensity of podsolization is related to Jenny&amp;#8217;s classic five soil formation factors: climate, parent material, topography, biotic and time. The degree of podzolization of 86 soil profiles distributed over the whole of Finland was described using four podzolization indices: E-horizon thickness, B-horizon rubification, profile Al+Fe oxide eluviation-illuviation, and their sum (Podzolization Development Index, PDI). The soil profiles, selected out of over 600 soil profiles in a national database, met the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) criteria for them to be classified as Podzols. The relationship between the podzolization indices and a number of site and soil variables (continuous and categorical) describing Jenny&amp;#8217;s soil formation factors were then evaluated. While podzolization intensity was found to be related to soil profile age, elevation, longitude, forest site type, aspect, Sphagnum moss cover and B-horizon texture, the individual relationships were weak. However, looking at the combined effect of all the variables using Partial Least Squares regression analysis, which is unaffected by multicollinearity among the predictor variables, nearly 70% of the measured PDI index could be explained.&lt;/p&gt;

Variabilité des sols et stratégie d'échantillonnage dans les études pédologiques détaillées de la plaine de Montréal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
M. J. Caillier ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Soil Surveys

In order to estimate variability of soil information presented in detailed soil surveys of the Montreal lowlands area, more than 2000 samples were collected along stratified random transects in 133 mapping units. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used as variability criteria. Variability of selected soil characteristics of the plow layer was studied according to phases of surface texture. The CV of clay, silt, pH, CEC and exchangeable cations decrease with an increase in clay content. The CV of sand content follows the opposite direction. Four modes of deposition (marine, fluvial, till and estuarine) were compared according to the variability within taxon (soil series or variant) of soil characteristics of the A, B and C horizons. More samples are needed to estimate the population mean value with the same relative error and the same confidence level for soils developed in fluvial deposits than in those formed in marine sediments. At the 90% confidence level, the allocation of 15 samples per map unit allows one to estimate the population mean with a relative error ranging from 5 to 30% for most soils and variables studied. Quality standards are proposed for soil sampling in future soil survey projects. Key words: Soil variability, accuracy, sampling, taxon, mapping unit

A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin W. Anderson ◽  
C. A. Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
Land Inventory ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Hard Cover

Anderson, D. W. and Smith, C. A. S. 2011. A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 675–694. This paper presents an overview of soil classification and soil survey in Canada based on both historical documentation and the personal experiences and perspectives of the two authors. The first soil surveys in Canada beginning in Ontario in 1914 are described along with the earliest systems of soil classification. The roots of the current system of soil classification in Canada can be traced back to the establishment of the first meeting of the National Soil Survey Committee (later the Canada Soil Survey Committee) held in Ottawa in 1945. The Committee met every 2 to 3 years and a hard-cover “first” edition, “The Canadian System of Soil Classification” was published in 1978 and a slightly revised second edition in 1987. The third edition (1998) includes a more complete key and a tenth order, the Vertisolic Order. The four to five decades starting in the late 1940s were the glory years for soil survey in Canada, with well-funded and productive programs in all provinces and territories, with major outputs like the Canada Land Inventory. The period between mid 1990s and 2010 saw declining activity in new field survey and reductions in staff levels by government agencies, but a rise in private sector soil survey, largely for environmental assessment purposes. There is a renewed and on-going interest in and need for soil information. The challenge for pedologists is to provide reliable information in innovative and proactive ways.

The soils of Aldabra

1979 ◽  
Vol 286 (1011) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Salinity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Soil Covers ◽  
Terrestrial Sediments ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Carbonate Soil ◽  
Mineral Soils

The soils of Aldabra are of patchy distribution, consisting of pockets of either accumulated organic matter or of biogenic mineral detritus. The soils are shallow (10-20 cm) but locally deeper and more extensive soil covers do occur. Organic covers occur under well established Casuarina stands and mineral soil covers occur on the floors of rock basins or where sands are present. The organic soils originate from leaf litter, with local increments of faecal material and bird remains. The mineral soils are primarily carbonate and are derived mechanically from carbonate rocks, from windblown bioclastic carbonate grains or from terrestrial sediments. Solution residues and phosphatic particles also contribute to these soils. Attempts are made to cross-correlate existing soil information, and several organic and carbonate soil types can be recognized. These are: shallow organic (including litter, pellet and guano varieties); deep organic; calcarenaceous bioclastic soils; brown (silt or silt loam) carbonate soils (including a phosphatic variety) and a widespread organic brown carbonate soil. The soils may be slightly acid but are mostly circumneutral or alkaline; high salinity may occur in coastal locations. Phosphate levels are usually low. Insufficient profile data are available at present to define soil type in any rigorous way and the spatial distribution of soil types is only scantily known.

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