A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin W. Anderson ◽  
C. A. Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
Land Inventory ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Hard Cover

Anderson, D. W. and Smith, C. A. S. 2011. A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 675–694. This paper presents an overview of soil classification and soil survey in Canada based on both historical documentation and the personal experiences and perspectives of the two authors. The first soil surveys in Canada beginning in Ontario in 1914 are described along with the earliest systems of soil classification. The roots of the current system of soil classification in Canada can be traced back to the establishment of the first meeting of the National Soil Survey Committee (later the Canada Soil Survey Committee) held in Ottawa in 1945. The Committee met every 2 to 3 years and a hard-cover “first” edition, “The Canadian System of Soil Classification” was published in 1978 and a slightly revised second edition in 1987. The third edition (1998) includes a more complete key and a tenth order, the Vertisolic Order. The four to five decades starting in the late 1940s were the glory years for soil survey in Canada, with well-funded and productive programs in all provinces and territories, with major outputs like the Canada Land Inventory. The period between mid 1990s and 2010 saw declining activity in new field survey and reductions in staff levels by government agencies, but a rise in private sector soil survey, largely for environmental assessment purposes. There is a renewed and on-going interest in and need for soil information. The challenge for pedologists is to provide reliable information in innovative and proactive ways.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

Amalgamation and Harmonization of Soil Survey Reports into a Multi-purpose Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Robert Furze ◽  
Paul Arp
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Soil Surveys

There is a growing demand for standardized, easily accessible and detailed information pertaining to soil and its variability across the landscape. Typically, this information is only available for select areas in the form of local or regional soil surveys reports which are difficult, and costly, to develop. Additionally, soil surveying protocols have changed with time, resulting in inconsistencies between surveys conducted over different periods. This article describes systematic procedures applied to generate an aspatial, terminologically- and unit-consistent, database for forest soils from county-based soil survey reports for the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The procedures involved (i) amalgamating data from individual soil surveys following a hierarchical framework, (ii) summarizing and grouping soil information by soil associations, (iii) assigning correct soil associates to each association, with each soil associate distinguished by drainage classification, (iv) assigning pedologically-correct horizon sequences, as identified in the original soil surveys, to each soil associate, (v) assigning horizon descriptors and measured soil properties to each horizon, as outlined by the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and (vi) harmonizing units of measurement for individual soil properties. Identification and summarization of all soil associations (and corresponding soil associates) was completed with reference to the principal soil-forming factors, namely soil parent material, topographic surface expressions, soil drainage, and dominant vegetation type(s). This procedure, utilizing 17 soil surveys, resulted in an amalgamated database containing 106 soil associations, 243 soil associates, and 522 soil horizon sequences summarizing the variability of forest soil conditions across New Brunswick.

scholarly journals Creating GIS on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. From soil survey to international information systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
J. Sládková
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Archive Data

The procedure of processing and utilising the soil information entering the SOTER system is tested on the pilot area of the Litoměřice district. The reliability of the archive data is examined, the archive data being updated by a new soil survey, modern (geo)statistical methods, and pedotransfer rules. Using the SOTER methodology, a soil map of the district with the scale of 1:50 000 has been developed. Proposals for the adjustments to the currently valid soil classification system are processed.

Variabilité des sols et stratégie d'échantillonnage dans les études pédologiques détaillées de la plaine de Montréal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Nolin ◽  
M. J. Caillier ◽  
C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Confidence Level ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Soil Surveys

In order to estimate variability of soil information presented in detailed soil surveys of the Montreal lowlands area, more than 2000 samples were collected along stratified random transects in 133 mapping units. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used as variability criteria. Variability of selected soil characteristics of the plow layer was studied according to phases of surface texture. The CV of clay, silt, pH, CEC and exchangeable cations decrease with an increase in clay content. The CV of sand content follows the opposite direction. Four modes of deposition (marine, fluvial, till and estuarine) were compared according to the variability within taxon (soil series or variant) of soil characteristics of the A, B and C horizons. More samples are needed to estimate the population mean value with the same relative error and the same confidence level for soils developed in fluvial deposits than in those formed in marine sediments. At the 90% confidence level, the allocation of 15 samples per map unit allows one to estimate the population mean with a relative error ranging from 5 to 30% for most soils and variables studied. Quality standards are proposed for soil sampling in future soil survey projects. Key words: Soil variability, accuracy, sampling, taxon, mapping unit

scholarly journals GIS IN SOIL SURVEY AND SOIL MAPPING

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Perparim Ameti ◽  
Besim Ajvazi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology for land evaluation by supporting decision-makers with reliable information for the land-use planning process. One of the focuses of this paper is given to the survey process and interpretation between soil survey, soil survey interpretation, and physical land evaluation. Such processes are realized using mobile mapping tools with integrated Global Position Systems (GPS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Both have increased the efficiency of data communication technologies by enabling real-time communication between people located in the field and office as well. For the soil classification as a key component of soil surveys is used World Reference Base (WRB) for Soil Resources. This is a common tool to summarize the wealth of information from soil profiles for the purpose of land evaluation. The final results showed a soil classification map. Such results are derived from many activities, since it includes a preliminary land evaluation, field soil survey with auger holes and profiles as well. This methodology is used for the first time in the selected study area.

INTERPRETATION SHEETS FOR ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATIONS IN SOIL SURVEYS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Time Element ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Engineering Soil ◽  
Engineering Classification ◽  
Mapping Units

The UNIFIED and AASHTO systems are used in engineering to classify soils for specific purposes. To facilitate use of the soil surveys by engineers, it has been customary to interpret soil survey mapping units in terms of these engineering classification systems. The procedure, however, is often difficult to follow and normally time-consuming. When used in combination with pedotechnical setting sheets, interpretation sheets reduce this time element and provide for more effective use of the soil survey information. This paper demonstrates development and application of the interpretation sheets. Key words: Engineering soil classification, pedotechnical interpretations, UNIFIED, AASHTO, soil engineering

Preserving Personal Perspectives in Coaching Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Westberg ◽  
Monika Jingar
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Perspectives

Robots and digital agents find their way in an increasing number of areas in our everyday lives. In this paper we look at the history of coaching devices and their impact on our health and lifestyle, as well as the emergence of coaching robots. We explore the worry that a growing entanglement with coaching technology that quantify our lives may reduce or invalidate the user’s personal experiences and preferences. We propose that the kind of bond that should be formed between user and technology is one that engenders trust while maintaining contextual and user-focused perspectives, in order to preserve personal values and autonomy, as well as the possibility of coaching robots being able to provide these kinds of bonding interactions.

scholarly journals Overcoming barriers to the registration of new plant varieties under the DUS system

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin Jian Yang ◽  
Joanne Russell ◽  
Luke Ramsay ◽  
William Thomas ◽  
Wayne Powell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Property System ◽  
Dus Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Combinatorial Space ◽  
New Crop

AbstractDistinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) is an intellectual property system introduced in 1961 by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) for safeguarding the investment and rewarding innovation in developing new plant varieties. Despite the rapid advancement in our understanding of crop biology over the past 60 years, the DUS system has changed little and is still largely dependent upon a set of morphological traits for testing candidate varieties. As the demand for more plant varieties increases, the barriers to registration of new varieties become more acute and thus require urgent review to the system. To highlight the challenges and remedies in the current system, we evaluated a comprehensive panel of 805 UK barley varieties that span the entire history of DUS testing. Our findings reveal the system deficiencies such as inconsistencies in DUS traits across environments, limitations in DUS trait combinatorial space, and inadequacies in currently available DUS markers. We advocate the concept of genomic DUS and provide evidence for a shift towards a robust genomics-enabled registration system for new crop varieties.

HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE OF TRANSLATIONAL ELECTRO-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS TO MEDICINE

2008 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
BRITTON CHANCE ◽  
SHOKO NIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
History Of ◽  
Optical Applications

This paper reviews the history of the optoelectric devices applied to biomedical sciences in 20th century. It describes history of Vacuum tubes and Spectroscopies with the author's personal experiences, especially doublebeam spectroscopy. Further, the present developments of Near Infra Red (NIR) devices are described in translational biomedical applications. It includes particulary micro optoelectronics developments and present status of NIR breast cancer detection. Lastly, intrinsic molecular biomarkers are discussed especially NIR measurements of angiogenensis, hypermetabolism and heat production for cancer detection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document