Amalgamation and Harmonization of Soil Survey Reports into a Multi-purpose Database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Robert Furze ◽  
Paul Arp
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Soil Surveys

There is a growing demand for standardized, easily accessible and detailed information pertaining to soil and its variability across the landscape. Typically, this information is only available for select areas in the form of local or regional soil surveys reports which are difficult, and costly, to develop. Additionally, soil surveying protocols have changed with time, resulting in inconsistencies between surveys conducted over different periods. This article describes systematic procedures applied to generate an aspatial, terminologically- and unit-consistent, database for forest soils from county-based soil survey reports for the province of New Brunswick, Canada. The procedures involved (i) amalgamating data from individual soil surveys following a hierarchical framework, (ii) summarizing and grouping soil information by soil associations, (iii) assigning correct soil associates to each association, with each soil associate distinguished by drainage classification, (iv) assigning pedologically-correct horizon sequences, as identified in the original soil surveys, to each soil associate, (v) assigning horizon descriptors and measured soil properties to each horizon, as outlined by the Canadian System of Soil Classification, and (vi) harmonizing units of measurement for individual soil properties. Identification and summarization of all soil associations (and corresponding soil associates) was completed with reference to the principal soil-forming factors, namely soil parent material, topographic surface expressions, soil drainage, and dominant vegetation type(s). This procedure, utilizing 17 soil surveys, resulted in an amalgamated database containing 106 soil associations, 243 soil associates, and 522 soil horizon sequences summarizing the variability of forest soil conditions across New Brunswick.

scholarly journals Distribution of phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in German forest soils and their relationship to common soil properties and foliar P concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Niederberger ◽  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Repeated, grid-based forest soil inventories such as the nationwide German forest soil survey (GFSI) aim, among other things, at detecting changes in soil properties and plant nutrition. In these types of inventories, the only information on soil phosphorus (P) is commonly the total P content. However, total P content in mineral soils of forests is usually not a meaningful variable to predict the availability of P to trees. Here we tested a modified sequential P extraction ac-cording to Hedley to determine the distribution of different plant available P fractions in soil samples (0–5 and 10–30 cm depth) from 146 GFSI sites, capturing a wide variety of soil conditions. In addition, we analyzed relationships between these P fractions and common soil proper-ties such as pH, texture, and organic Carbon content (SOC). Total P content among our samples ranged from approximately 60 up to 2800 mg kg−1. The labile, moderately labile, and stable P fractions contributed to 27 %, 51 % and 22 % of total P content, respectively, at 0–5 cm depth. At 10–30 cm depth, the labile P fractions decreased to 15 %, whereas the stable P fractions in-creased to 30 %. These changes with depth were accompanied by a decrease in the organic P fractions. High P contents were related with high pH-values. Whereas the labile P pool increased with decreasing pH in absolute and relative terms, the stable P pool decreased in absolute and relative terms. Increasing SOC in soils led to significant increases in all P pools and in total P. In sandy soils, the P content across all fractions was lower than in other soil texture types. Multiple linear regressions indicated that P pools and P fractions were moderately well related to soil properties (r2 mostly above 0.5), and sand content of soils had the strongest influence. Foliage P concentrations in Pinus sylvestris were reasonably well explained by the labile and moderately labile P pool (r

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of a Detailed and Semi-Detailed Soil Mapping for Sustainable Land Management Using Conventional and Currently Applied Methodologies in Greece

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orestis Kairis ◽  
Vassiliki Dimitriou ◽  
Chrysoula Aratzioglou ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Nicholas Yassoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Mapping ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Reference Base ◽  
World Reference Base ◽  
Soil Surveys

Two soil mapping methodologies at different scales applied in the same area were compared in order to investigate the potential of their combined use to achieve an integrated and more accurate soil description for sustainable land use management. The two methodologies represent the main types of soil mapping systems used and still applied in soil surveys in Greece. Diomedes Botanical Garden (DBG) (Athens, Greece) was used as a study area because past cartographic data of soil survey were available. The older soil survey data were obtained via the conventional methodology extensively used over time since the beginnings of soil mapping in Greece (1977). The second mapping methodology constitutes the current soil mapping system in Greece recently used for compilation of the national soil map. The obtained cartographic and soil data resulting from the application of the two methodologies were analyzed and compared using appropriate geospatial techniques. Even though the two mapping methodologies have been performed at different mapping scales, using partially different mapping symbols and different soil classification systems, the description of the soils based on the cartographic symbols of the two methodologies presented an agreement of 63.7% while the soil classification by the two taxonomic systems namely Soil Taxonomy and World Reference Base for Soil Resources had an average coincidence of 69.5%.

scholarly journals Lability of Pb in soil: effects of soil properties and contaminant source

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingchen Mao ◽  
Elizabeth H. Bailey ◽  
Jonathan Chester ◽  
Joseph Dean ◽  
E. Louise Ander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Isotopic Ratios ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Soil Parent Material

Environmental context There is growing concern that lead in the environment may cause adverse health effects in human populations. We investigated the combined use of isotopic abundance and isotopic dilution to show how the origins of soil Pb and soil characteristics affect lability. Soil pH and soil Pb content are the dominant controls on Pb lability; the lability of recent petrol-derived Pb is similar to that of other sources in urban soils but greater than geogenic Pb in rural roadside topsoils. Abstract Lability of lead in soils is influenced by both soil properties and source(s) of contamination. We investigated factors controlling Pb lability in soils from (i) land adjacent to a major rural road, (ii) a sewage processing farm and (iii) an archive of the geochemical survey of London. We measured isotopically exchangeable Pb (E-values; PbE), phase fractionation of Pb by a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) and inferred source apportionment from measured Pb isotopic ratios. Isotopic ratios (206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb) of total soil Pb fell on a mixing line between those of petrol and UK coal or Pb ore. The main determinant of the isotopically exchangeable Pb fraction (%E-value) was soil pH: %E-values decreased with increasing pH. In rural roadside topsoils, there was also evidence that petrol-derived Pb remained more labile (35%) than Pb from soil parent material (27%). However, in biosolid-amended and London soils, %E-values were low (~25%), covered a restricted range and showed no clear evidence of source-dependent lability.

Serpentine Soil Distributions and Environmental Influences

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl B. Alexander ◽  
Roger G. Coleman ◽  
Todd Keeler-Wolfe ◽  
Susan P. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Serpentine Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Exchange Complex ◽  
Cation Status

Serpentine soils occur in all but one of the twelve orders (Alexander 2004b), which is the highest level in Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff 1999), the primary system of soil classification utilized in this book (appendix C). They occur in practically every environment from cold arctic to hot tropical and from arid to perhumid (always wet). Thus the variety of serpentine soils is very great even though they occupy only a small fraction of the earth. Serpentine soils have been found in all states and provinces that are adjacent to the Pacific Ocean from Baja California to Alaska. They are most concentrated in the California Region, where they have been mapped in 34 counties in California and in 5 counties in southwestern Oregon. Serpentine lateritic (or “nickel laterite”) soils, which have not been mapped separately from other soils, are economically significant in California and southwest Oregon, even though they are not widely distributed in western North America. A representative serpentine soil is shown in figure 6-1. Serpentine soils, or soils in magnesic (serpentine) families, are represented in 11 of the 12 soil orders. Spodosols and Histosols in magnesic families occur only where there is a thin cover of nonserpentine materials over the serpentine materials, and there are no serpentine Andisols. Andisols contain amorphous and poorly ordered aluminum-silicate minerals, which are responsible for andic soil properties of these soils. Serpentine soil parent materials do not contain enough aluminum for the development of andic soil properties that are definitive of Andisols. Alfisols are soils with argillic (or natric) horizons having more than 35% exchangeable bases (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+) on the cation exchange complex. Al3+ and H+ are the common nonbasic (acidic) cations on the exchange complex. The Mg2+ that serpentine soil parent materials release upon weathering keeps the basic cation status of soils high, unless they are leached intensively. Some of the soil horizon sequences are A-Bt, A-Btn, and A-Bt-Btk in Alfisols. Soils of Dubakella Series and other moderately deep Mollic Haploxeralfs with a mesic soil temperature regime are the most extensively mapped serpentine Alfisols in California and southwestern Oregon. Figure 6-1 is representative of the Mollic Haploxeralfs.

A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin W. Anderson ◽  
C. A. Scott Smith
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soil Information ◽  
Personal Perspectives ◽  
Land Inventory ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
Hard Cover

Anderson, D. W. and Smith, C. A. S. 2011. A history of soil classification and soil survey in Canada: Personal perspectives. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 675–694. This paper presents an overview of soil classification and soil survey in Canada based on both historical documentation and the personal experiences and perspectives of the two authors. The first soil surveys in Canada beginning in Ontario in 1914 are described along with the earliest systems of soil classification. The roots of the current system of soil classification in Canada can be traced back to the establishment of the first meeting of the National Soil Survey Committee (later the Canada Soil Survey Committee) held in Ottawa in 1945. The Committee met every 2 to 3 years and a hard-cover “first” edition, “The Canadian System of Soil Classification” was published in 1978 and a slightly revised second edition in 1987. The third edition (1998) includes a more complete key and a tenth order, the Vertisolic Order. The four to five decades starting in the late 1940s were the glory years for soil survey in Canada, with well-funded and productive programs in all provinces and territories, with major outputs like the Canada Land Inventory. The period between mid 1990s and 2010 saw declining activity in new field survey and reductions in staff levels by government agencies, but a rise in private sector soil survey, largely for environmental assessment purposes. There is a renewed and on-going interest in and need for soil information. The challenge for pedologists is to provide reliable information in innovative and proactive ways.

Naturally occurring gamma-emitting isotopes, radon release and properties of parent materials of Saskatchewan soils

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong ◽  
D. F. Acton ◽  
L. M. Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Decay Chain ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Soil Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

Mineral composition of the parent material is a major factor controlling natural radioactivity of soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the natural radioactivity of 18 till and six lacustrine parent materials and their properties measured during soil surveys. Gamma spectroscopy was used to estimate 40K and daughters of 238U and 232Th; neutron activation analysis was used to determine total U; and alpha counting was used to measure 222Rn release from the soil. The amounts of the various radioisotopes were positively correlated with each other and with clay content; the correlation with sand content was negative; and the correlations with silt and inorganic C content were generally not significant. Adding the fine/total clay ratio as a further independent variable considerably improved the correlation between 40K and clay content. The data suggested considerable disequilibrium in the 238U decay chain, which appeared to be in part related to the mode of deposition of the parent materials. Soil survey information — in particular, texture — thus appears a readily available tool for preliminary screening of terrestrial radiation in Saskatchewan. Key words: Radioactivity, 40K, uranium, thorium, radon, texture

EVALUATING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PINE FORESTS IN THE HINTON–EDSON AREA, ALBERTA, FROM SOIL SURVEY MAPS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DUMANSKI ◽  
J. C. WRIGHT ◽  
J. D. LINDSAY
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Continuous Forest ◽  
Gravelly Soils

Effective land use and land management policies are based ideally on data collected from land classification and land evaluation procedures. This paper describes a method employed in classifying and evaluating land for the production of lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in the Hinton–Edson area of Alberta. Initially, a soil survey was conducted in the area. Productivity of various collections of soils was then obtained by statistically comparing soil information derived from the soils map with forest growth information obtained from the continuous forest inventory program of North Western Pulp and Power Limited of Hinton. Results indicate that aspect has minimal effect on pine productivity except for sandy and gravelly soils. General differences in growth were related to soil parent material, climate, drainage, and physiography, and more specific differences were attributed to soil subgroup, soil series, soil reaction, and percent slope. It was realized that pine growth is a function of pedological, landform, and climatological factors, and all must be considered when evaluating productivity.

scholarly journals Clay formation and podzol development from postglacial moraines in Switzerland

Clay Minerals ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Righi ◽  
K. Huber ◽  
C. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Development ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Clay Formation ◽  
Mixed Layers

AbstractThe fine silt (2–5 μm) and fine clay (<0.1 μm) fractions from four acid soils developed from moraines of increasing age (80, 400, 3,000 and 6,500 years old) in Switzerland, were studied by X-ray diffraction and chemical analyses. The soil parent material is homogeneous at the four sites and the soils can be considered as forming a chronosequence of soil development leading to the formation of Podzols. Mineralogical evolution of silt-sized phyllosilicates and fine clay fractions follows different pathways according to their composition and the soil horizon in which they are located. Dioctahedral and trioctahedral minerals in the soil parent material were both weathered in the Bw and Bs horizons but the trioctahedral phase more strongly and faster than the dioctahedral one. Weathering products are mica-vermiculite mixed-layers, vermiculite and finally gibbsite and Fe oxy-hydroxides. Weathering of the trioctahedral fraction was faster in the eluvial A or E horizons than in the B horizons, being almost complete after 3,000 years of soil development. Appreciable weathering of the dioctahedral fraction occurs only in the eluvial horizons leading to the formation of mica-smectite mixed-layers and smectite. Although smectite has been reported in the E horizon of Podzols in different environments, the significant finding in this work is the presence of this mineral in soils developed from the same parent material. This supports the fact that smectite is the end- product of mica alteration in strongly leached and acidified E horizons of Podzols.

scholarly journals MORFOLOGI DAN KLASIFIKASI TANAH PADA TOPOSEKUEN LERENG BARAT GUNUNG KELUD, KEDIRI, JAWA TIMUR

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-552
Author(s):  
Rizki Delfianto ◽  
Mochtar Lutfi Rayes ◽  
Christanti Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Soil Thickness ◽  
Organic C

The research that was conducted from April to December 2020 in the Supiturung Micro-Watershed, located on the western slope of Mount Kelud, Kediri was aimed to study the morphological characteristics and soil classification using a topo-sequence approach. Four pedons were observed across the physiographic positions (upper, middle and lower slopes) on dry-land farming land use. The method used in this research included 8 stages, namely the preparation stage, pre-survey, map making, field observations, laboratory analysis, soil classification, data processing, and reporting. On the field, cross-sectional profiles were carried out on four selected pedons by testing the soil profile measuring 1 x 1 meter with a depth of 150-200 cm, followed by soil horizon, soil thickness, texture, structure, consistency, effective depth, type and number of pores, as well as other characteristics. Soil samples were collected from the genetic horizon of the pedons for being analyzed using standard procedures, then taken to the laboratory for soil physical and chemical analysis. Soil morphology with physicochemical properties was then classified based on the Keys Taxonomy of Soil to the Sub Group level. The results showed that each pedon has a different Sub Group. This condition can be caused by many factors, such as differences in epipedon thickness, base saturation values, organic C levels, and other morphological conditions at the time of direct observation. Four pedons have lithologic discontinuities, recognition of these types of lithologic changes is important because pedogenesis and pedogenic interpretations are greatly influenced by changes in the parent material.

scholarly journals Factors of Variation of Soil Chemical Properties in Metalliferous Ecosystems of Tenke-Fungurume, Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kaya Muyumba ◽  
E. Ilunga wa Ilunga ◽  
M.-P. Faucon ◽  
G. Mahy ◽  
A. Liénard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Site Effect ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Metric Variation

Our study aimed at deepen our understanding of relationships between soil properties and vegetation distribution in metalliferous ecosystems of Tenke-Fungurume in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The first question concerned the differences and similarities between soils of the main vegetation units and four variation factors of soil properties were summarized by multivariate analysis. They were all linked to lithology and significantly contributed to explain the distribution of vegetation units. Our result suggest that the variation of soil properties which is observed within the various vegetation units (rocky steppe savanna, sward, and steppe savannas on slope or on Dembo) should partially be attributed to differences of geochemical composition of rocks between sites but the main source of variability is to be found inside each hill. The soil contamination in Cu and Co originates from rock weathering and besides site effect and topographic distribution of the rocks, the variability of soil properties within one vegetation unit may be due to variability of soil parent material and not only to erosion. The second question dealt with the changes of soil properties at small distances. Metric variation was studied from transects between adjacent vegetation units. Our results showed that the abrupt changes of vegetation units which were clearly identified on the field were all truly explained by the variations of one or more properties linked to lithology. The key point being the Cu bioavailability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document