Comparison of shrink-swell indices of some Saskatchewan soils and their relationships to standard soil characteristics

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. De Jong ◽  
L. M. Kozak ◽  
H. B. Storehouse
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Linear Extension ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Undisturbed Samples ◽  
Standard Soil ◽  
Highly Correlated

Shrink-swell indices for 27 soil samples (representing the major horizons of eight soil profiles) were determined and related to soil texture, organic and inorganic C content, and specific surface area. The coefficient of linear extension was measured from saturation and from 33 kPa matric suction to oven-dryness on undisturbed clods (COLEclod) and on remolded samples of the less than 2-mm fraction (COLErod); the Atterberg limits were determined on the less than 0.4-mm fraction. COLEclod, COLErod and the plasticity index were highly correlated with each other and with clay content and surface area, but not with organic or inorganic C. The extent of the shrinkage was significantly (P > 0.01) related to the water content at the start of the shrinkage test; this relationship was clearer for the remolded than the undisturbed samples, possibly due to the structure of the clods. Key words: Coefficient of linear extension, plasticity index, clods vs. remolded, texture, organic carbon

Comparison of three methods of measuring surface area of soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Sorptive Capacity ◽  
Measuring Surface ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

Surface area (SA) is an important property of soils, but different methods can give widely different estimates of SA, and of the contribution of organic matter to SA. This study was undertaken to compare two common methods of measuring SA (EGME [ethylene glycol monoethyl ether] and N2 sorption) with SA estimates using H2O sorption on selected Saskatchewan soils; some soils from Kenya were included to show the impact of clay mineralogy. For the Saskatchewan soils, the three estimates of SA were highly correlated to each other and to clay content, but SA EGME was 2 to 3 times SA H2O and 7 to 52 times SA N2. Organic matter did not appear to contribute to SA EGME, increased SA H2O and decreased SA N2. Clearly the three methods differ in their access to internal and external surface area and this should affect their utility as indices of the sorptive capacity of field soils. Key words: Surface area, EGME, N2 sorption, water sorption

scholarly journals Relações entre as características físicas e morfológica do solo e crescimento de Araucaria angustilofia (Bert.) O. Ktze., em Passo Fundo, RS

1983 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Carmeli Antonia Cassol ◽  
Ari Zago
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Araucaria Angustifolia

This study investigates the relationships between physical and morphological soil characteristics and growth of Araucaria angustifolia in three types of Passo Fundo, RS National Forest Soils. Soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm deep, in randomly chosen 400 m2 area square plots. Relationships between growth of Araucaria angustifolia and soil characteristics were evaluated by means of a simple linear correlation. The soil characteristics that significantly correlated with growth variables were: structure, silt and clay content, and A horizon thickness.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN SIFAT-SIFAT TANAH VERTISOL DARI BERBAGAI BAHAN INDUK

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Moist Condition

Vertisols is black and fertile soils, derived from various parent materials, dominated by smectite clay minerals, and charasterize by crack formation during dry season. Six soil profiles consisted of thirty two soil samples from dIfferent location were analyzed for their chemical and mineralogical composition at the laboratories of Soil Research Center for soil characteristics. Results indicate that the color matrix of Vertisols varies, hue range from 2.5Y to 10YR, color value varies from 2 to 6, and chroma range from 0 to 4. Clay mineral composition of Vertisols is dominated by smectite. Other clay minerals founded in the Vertisols are kaolinite, illite and vermiculite. The mineralogy composition of sand fraction is varies, some of them rich in weatherable minerals like andesine, amfibole, orthoclase, sanidin and the others are dominated by resistant minerals such as quartz and opaque. The mineralogical composition of Vertisols dependent on their parent material. The dominant cations in Vertisols are Ca++ and Mg++. Vertisols from volcanic materials is dominated by Ca++ and followed by Mg++ cations, Vertisols from limestone is dominated by Ca++, while Vertisols from peridotite is dominated by Mg++. All of the Vertisols studied have a high cation exchange capacity with pH’s range from 5.5 to 7.4. In using Vertisols for food plantation, should be consider the high content of Ca++, Mg++ and the water management. The soils should be atleast always in moist condition, otherwise soils become very hard and cracks when dry.

RELATIONSHIPS OF SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA AND CLAY CONTENT TO SHRINK-SWELL POTENTIAL OF SOILS HAVING DIFFERENT CLAY MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Mineralogical Compositions

Data for 22 samples from 17 pedons were analyzed for relationships of specific surface area and amounts and kinds of clay to coefficient of linear extensibility, as determined by the paste method (COLErod), and to free swelling index (FSI). The soils were divided into three main groups according to their clay mineralogy. The clay of the first group was micaceous, that of the second group kaolinitic, and that of the third group montmorillonitic. Both clay contents and specific surface areas of the combined first and second groups of soils were closely related to COLErod (r2 = 0.81 and r2 = 0.91) with specific surface area giving the higher correlation. The correlation of clay content with COLErod decreased markedly, however, when the montmorillonitic soils were included (r2 = 0.56). In contrast, the correlation of specific surface area with COLErod remained high (r2 = 0.97), indicating that for the soils used in this study, specific surface area was more basic with respect to shrink–swell potential than was clay content. Specific surface area was also highly correlated with FSI (r2 = 0.96) which was expected from the close relationship between COLErod and FSI (r2 = 0.95).

scholarly journals Vegetation communities and edaphic relationships along a typical coastal saltmarsh to woodland gradient in eastern Tasmania

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
JG Aalders ◽  
P McQuillan ◽  
VN Prahalad
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Marsh Area ◽  
Winter Sample

Saltmarsh soils impose harsh selection pressures on vegetation resulting in characteristic plant communities. For our study of the effect of edaphic factors on vegetation we chose Long Point in Moulting Lagoon, Tasmania’s largest saltmarsh, which is dominated by a diverse assemblage of halophytic succulents and graminoids. Three transects were established to sample variations in vegetation along the gradient from saltmarsh to woodland. Soil samples were analysed for summer and winter moisture, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC); a mixed summer and winter sample from each point was analysed for soil organic matter (SOM) and carbon. Additionally, a particle size analysis was carried out on all summer samples. Aspects of soil characteristics were aligned to classified vegetation groups and elevation. Moisture, pH, EC, SOM and carbon were all negatively correlated with elevation; the saltmarsh zone displaying higher levels of all variables than those in the adjacent woodland zone. Clay content decreased and sand content increased from the marine margin of the saltmarsh zone to the woodland zone. Within the saltmarsh zone, soil moisture, EC and carbon had highest values in the low marsh area, with values decreasing towards the upper marsh area. This study deepens our understanding of the roles various edaphic factors play in the floristic composition of coastal saltmarshes.

scholarly journals Water holding properties and soil water types in fine textured Vertisol soils of Thrace region in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Recep Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Membrane Extraction ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Thrace Region

<p>The study was carried out on 16 selected model soil profiles, located on lands covered with soils exhibiting vertic properties in Thrace Region of Turkey. Different horizons and/or sub-horizons of 16 characteristic soil profiles were evaluated in field or laboratory conditions in terms of water holding capacity and water types properties. Total of 105 soil samples were analyzed for routine physical characteristics. Soil water holding capacity was determined applying negative potentials (Ψ) of -0.33 bar, -15.5 bar and -31.5 bar (pF 2.54; 4.2 and 4.5), using a pressure-membrane extraction apparatus. In addition to gravitational, available, unavailable and hygroscopic soil water types, the soil samples were investigated also in terms of crystal-lattice water content. The highest amounts of the listed water types were determined in soils of Büyük Mandira, Türkgeldi and Seymen containing the highest rates of smectite clay mineral. The mass percentage (Pw) rates of the mentioned water types of the investigated profies varied in the ranges of 29.1–66.3%, 10–2.15%, 22.0–32.4%, 6.0–9.0% and 5.6–8.6%, respectively. Though the mass percentages of enumerated water types in the soils of Osmanli and Yeni Mahalle, all owning high sand and lower clay content on the other hand, are between 28.9–40.6%, 6.1–15.5%, 7.4–16.8%, 2.4–4.8% and 1.7–4.4%, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Study The Consequence of Fly Ash on Some of Physical Soil Characteristics

2022 ◽  
Vol 961 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
Najwa Wasif Jassim ◽  
Shaymaa alsafi
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Soil Sample ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plasticity Index ◽  
Atterberg Limit

Abstract Study the consequence of adding fly ash (FA) on the Atterberg limit; cohesions and internal friction of angles of the verified soil was the aim of this search. The tested soil according to the system of unified soil classification was (CH) group. Fly ash (FA) was added to the tested soil samples in 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 & 18 % by weight of samples. This study shows that once the tested soil mixed with (FA); the values of cohesion reduced; while the values of the angles of internal frictions increases. The drop in the soil sample cohesion when mixed with 18% of (FA) was 34%, were noteworthy increase in the angles of internal friction. For all soil samples as the percentages of adding (FA) increase, the decrease in the index of plasticity amounts increase also at different rates. The adding of (FA) produced a reduction in the liquid limits; plastic limits and henceforth the plasticity index of the tested soil sample at rate of 43%, 48% and 37% correspondingly. The plasticity index losses took place at the first 3%, at a lesser rate, then the rate increased at 18% of additive and because nearly constant.

The isotopically exchangeable form of native and applied cobalt in soils

Soil Research ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
KG Tiller ◽  
JL Honeysett ◽  
EG Hallsworth
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Different Soils ◽  
Soil Groups ◽  
Exchangeable Form

The experimental conditions and precision of alternative methods of measuring isotopically exchangeable cobalt (Coi.e) were investigated. The values of Coi.e varied from 0.16 to 5.4 p.p.m. for 25 soils and were highly correlated with the sum of cobalt extracted by ammonium acetate and subsequently by quinol, and the relationships between these forms are discussed. The amounts of cobalt sorbed in the presence of calcium chloride by different soils varied markedly between and within soil groups. The bonding energy of specific sorption of cobalt did not vary significantly between soils after the first sites were filled. Cobalt sorption capacity for all soils studied was highly correlated with cobalt content and surface area and to a lesser extent with manganese and clay content and pH, but not with organic matter. When soils of high montmorillonite content were excluded, highly significant correlations were obtained only with manganese and cobalt contents and surface area. The initial slope of isotherms of isotopically exchangeable cobalt 60Co(soi1)/60Co (solution) and Coi.e may provide measures of the intensity and capacity factors, respectively, of cobalt availability to plants.

scholarly journals Influence of biomineralization on a profile of a tropical soil affected by erosive processes

DYNA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (192) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamile Valencia González ◽  
José Carvalho-Camapum ◽  
Luis Augusto Lara-Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Precipitate Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Undisturbed Samples

Most of the soils of tropical countries, especially those in South America and Africa, are affected by erosion processes. As a result, researchers in the field of geotechnical engineering, specifically in the context of "biotechnology" or "bioengineering", have been investigating the use of microorganisms to improve the geotechnical properties and stability of soils. Using this approach, this work was developed to analyze the effects of the implementation of a calcium carbonate precipitating nutrient in native microbiota on the mitigation of erosion processes in a tropical soil profile. The methodology used in this research consisted of collecting undisturbed samples in a soil profile located in an area affected by erosion processes. In such samples, the native bacteria were identified, and it was determined that the nutrient B4 induced the precipitation of calcium carbonate. Subsequently, soil samples were characterized physically, chemically, mineralogically and mechanically in their natural state and after the addition of the nutrient. The tests were performed at least fifteen days after treatment with the nutrient. It was concluded that the use of the nutrient B4 enabled the native bacteria present in the soil to precipitate calcium carbonate, resulting in improvements in the physical, chemical, mineralogical and mechanical properties of the soil, which allowed for the mitigation of erosion processes that characterize the soil profile studied. The conclusions derived from the study apply not only to other tropical soil profiles subjected to erosion but also to improvements of the geotechnical behavior of soils in general.

scholarly journals Soil CO2 respiration: Comparison of chemical titration, CO2 IRGA analysis and the Solvita gel system

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Haney ◽  
W.F. Brinton ◽  
E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Gel System

AbstractThe measurement of soil carbon dioxide respiration is a means to gauge biological soil fertility. Test methods for respiration employed in the laboratory vary somewhat, and to date the equipment and labor required have somewhat limited more widespread adoption of such methodologies. The purpose of this research is to compare the results of measured soil CO2 respiration using three methods: (1) titration method; (2) infrared gas analysis (IRGA); and (3) the Solvita gel system for soil CO2 analysis. We acquired 36 soil samples from across the USA for comparison, which ranged in pH from 4.5 to 8.5, organic C from 0.8 to 4.6% and the clay content from 6 to 62%. All three methods were highly correlated with each other after 24-h of incubation (titration and Solvita r2=0.82, respirometer and Solvita r2=0.79 and titration versus respirometer r2=0.95). The 24-h (1-day) CO2 release from all three methods was also highly correlated to both basal soil respiration (7–28 days) and cumulative 28-day CO2 respiration. An additional 24 soil samples were acquired and added to the original 36, for a total of 60 soil samples. These samples were used for calibration of the Solvita gel digital color reader results using CO2-titration results and regression analysis. Regression analysis resulted in the equation y=20.6∗(Solvita number)−16.5 with an r2 of 0.83. The data suggest that the Solvita gel system for soil CO2 analysis could be a simple and easily used method to quantify soil microbial activity. Applications may also exist for the gel system for in situ measurements in surface gas chambers. Once standardized soil sampling and laboratory analysis protocols are established, the Solvita method could be easily adapted to commercial soil testing labs as an index of soil microbial activity.

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