Soil water use, biomass accumulation and grain yield of no-till winter wheat on the Canadian prairies

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
No Till ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Higher water use efficiency provides no-till-seeded winter wheat with an advantage over spring-sown crops in western Canada. However, like all crops, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) is subject to large yield losses due to drought. This study was undertaken to identify the effect of weather and crop soil water status on water use, aboveground biomass production and grain yield of no-till winter wheat grown on the Canadian prairies. Five winter wheat cultivars were grown over a 3-yr period at a total of 17 sites scattered across the different climatic zones of Saskatchewan. Both the establishment and expression of grain yield potential were limited by drought in these dryland environments. Early-season moisture was required to set up a high grain yield potential while low ET and high precipitation during grain filling were necessary to secure yield. Rapid growth under cool temperatures during April and early May consumed much of the available water in the top 50-cm of the soil profile and large ET deficits, as a consequence of a continuous decline in available water, characterized drought stress in most trials. While stored soil water at greenup was not sufficient to support a crop, there was growing season rainfall at all trial sites and improvements in water availability led to higher grain yields and an increased range in mean environmental grain yield. Rainfall had its greatest influence on grain yield during tillering, while atmospheric conditions and soil water content were more important from heading to anthesis. Because environmental differences in drought stress were related to the volume and distribution of growing season precipitation, some dryland environments were exposed to intermittent stress while stress was terminal in others. Therefore, to be successful, winter wheat cultivars and management systems for the Canadian prairies must be able to accommodate variable patterns of growing season water availability. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., evapotranspiration, precipitation, water use, biomass, grain yield

INFLUENCE OF CROP WATER ENVIRONMENT AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION ON GRAIN YIELD OF NO-TILL WINTER WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. ENTZ ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

The influence of crop water environment on the productivity of no-till winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Norstar’) was observed for 17 site-years of trials in Saskatchewan between 1984 and 1986. Growing season precipitation (P) averaged 212 mm (approximately 120% of average) and pan evaporation (E) averaged 749 mm for these trials. Precipitation was approximately evenly distributed across the growing season while E increased from a low of 6.5 mm d−1 in early May to a high of 8.3 mm d−1 immediately after anthesis. Consequently, water stress was highest after anthesis. Total evapotranspiration (ET) (soil water use to 130 cm plus growing season P) ranged from 171 to 364 mm and approximately 20% of the ET was derived from soil water reserves. The average ratio of ET before and after anthesis was 1:7:1 and in many instances water utilized after anthesis was almost exclusively derived from intermittent rainfall events. Several yield-water models were fit to the data in order to establish a relationship between the crop water environment and grain yield. Yields ranged from 1316 to 5003 kg ha−1 and were most closely associated with the water environment (soil water, E and P) during the time from stem elongation to anthesis (r2 = 0.71). Water use efficiency, expressed as kg ha−1 grain yield divided by ET, ranged from 6.3 to 18.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 and was positively correlated with spikes m−2 (r = 0.59*), kernel weight (r = 0.73**), dry matter at anthesis (r = 0.84**), and negatively correlated with E during the 30 days prior to anthesis (r = 0.75**). Both dry matter at anthesis and dry matter at maturity were linearly correlated with grain yield (r = 0.85** and 0.92**, respectively). Both observations suggested that high grain yields required high dry matter yields.Key words: Wheat (winter), precipitation, evaporation, soil water, water use efficiency, models

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

CDC Buteo hard red winter wheat

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

CDC Buteo is a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class. It is an intermediate height cultivar with moderate stem and leaf rust resistance and good winter hardiness and grain yield potential. It is adapted to the western Canadian prairies where its agronomic and disease package combined with an excellent grain quality profile has resulted in wide commercial acceptance in Saskatchewan. CDC Buteo was made the wheat quality standard for the Central Winter Wheat Co-operative Registration Trials in 2008.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cultivar description, wheat (winter)

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

scholarly journals Combining Protein Content and Grain Yield by Genetic Dissection in Bread Wheat under Low-Input Management

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Yonggui Xiao ◽  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Conventional Management

The simultaneous improvement of protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-input management enables the development of resource-use efficient varieties that combine high grain yield potential with desirable end-use quality. However, the complex mechanisms of genotype, management, and growing season, and the negative correlation between PC and GY complicate the simultaneous improvement of PC and GY under low-input management. To identify favorable genotypes for PC and GY under low-input management, this study used 209 wheat varieties, including strong gluten, medium-strong gluten, medium gluten, weak gluten, winter, semi-winter, weak-spring, and spring types, which has been promoted from the 1980s to the 2010s. Allelic genotyping, performed using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) technology, found 69 types of GY-PC allelic combinations in the tested materials. Field trials were conducted with two growing season treatments (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and two management treatments (conventional management and low-input management). Multi-environment analysis of variance showed that genotype, management, and growing season had extremely substantial effects on wheat GY and PC, respectively, and the interaction of management × growing season also had extremely significant effects on wheat GY. According to the three-sigma rule of the normal distribution, the GY of wheat varieties Liangxing 66 and Xinmai 18 were stable among the top 15.87% of all tested materials with high GY, and their PC reached mean levels under low-input management, but also stably expressed high GY and high PC under conventional management, which represents a great development potential. These varieties can be used as cultivars of interest for breeding because TaSus1-7A, TaSus1-7B, TaGW2-6A, and TaGW2-6B, which are related to GY, and Glu-B3, which is related to PC, carry favorable alleles, among which Hap-1/2, the allele of TaSus1-7A, and Glu-B3b/d/g/i, the allele of Glu-B3, can be stably expressed. Our results may be used to facilitate the development of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties under low-input management, which is critical for sustainable food and nutrition security.

In Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), No-Till Improves Photosynthetic Nitrogen and Water-Use Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Hazzar Habbib ◽  
Bertrand Hirel ◽  
Fabien Spicher ◽  
Frédéric Dubois ◽  
Thierry Tétu
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
No Till ◽  
Use Efficiency

Grain yield and water use efficiency of two types of winter wheat cultivars under different water regimes

2011 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baodi Dong ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Changhai Shi ◽  
Yunzhou Qiao ◽  
Mengyu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Use Efficiency

Accipiter hard red winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Energy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hard Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Fowler, D. B. 2011. Accipiter hard red winter wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 363–365. Accipiter is an intermediate height, high-yielding, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar with good stem and moderate leaf rust resistance that is registered for production in western Canada. It is a hard red winter wheat cultivar that is eligible for grades of the Canada Western General Purpose (CWGP) wheat class. The CWGP class was created in 2007 to encourage the development of cultivars to fill the high energy demands of the biofuel and livestock feed markets in western Canada. The grain yield of Accipiter was 114% of the Canada Western Red Winter Wheat class grain quality check cultivar, CDC Osprey, and 103% of the high-yielding check, CDC Falcon. High grain yield potential combined with good agronomic and disease packages make Accipiter a good fit for the CWGP class.

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