Seeding date and polymer seed coating effects on plant establishment and yield of fall-seeded canola in the Northern Great Plains

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Johnson ◽  
P. R. Miller ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
Y. Gan ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Seeding Date

The time interval for planting fall-seeded Brassica napus L. canola in the Northern Great Plains is narrow, since seeding must occur as close to soil freeze-up as possible to minimize the risk of winter kill. The Prairie ecoregion tends to have more stable fall and winter temperatures than the Rocky Mountain foothill region, where fall and winter chinooks may initiate germination and increase the risk of winter mortality. Our objectives were to determine an optimum seeding date interval for fall-seeded canola and whether a water-impervious polymer seed coating could advance the seeding date and reduce the risk of stand loss and corresponding yield reduction in two distinct agroecoregions. A range of fall seeding dates and a water-impervious polymer seed coating vs. a control treatment (water-soluble film) were assessed at 14 sites (five locations) from 1998 to 2001 in Alberta and Saskatchewan (Prairie sites) and at six sites (four locations 1999–2001) in Montana, USA (Foothill sites). Highest seedling densities and canola yield responses for the control treatment were attained in the first 2 wk of November in the Prairie sites, while responses to seed date were much more variable in the Foothill region. In the Prairie sites, the water-impervious polymer seed coating improved seedling density and seed yield as seeding date was progressively moved forward from the first week of November to the first week of October. The benefit of the water-impervious polymer seed coating became notable when soil temperatures were above 5°C. The water-impervious polymer coating provided only marginal improvement in plant stand and canola yield in the Foothill region. In the Foothill region and at Lethbridge, fall-seeded canola densities were on average 60% lower than spring-seeded canola densities and fall seeding increased canola yield in only one site-year when compared with spring-seeded canola. In the Prairie region, a water-impervious polymer coating can broaden the time interval for fall seeding; however, it does not ensure that recommended densities of spring seedlings will be attained. The optimum seeding date for fall seeding in the Foothill region could not be adequately defined for either the control or the water-impervious polymer coated seed due to the variable nature of the late fall and winter weather. Key words: Canola (Brassica napus L.), alternative seeding date, germination

Polymer seed coating of early- and late-fall-seeded herbicide-tolerant canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 971-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Clayton ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
J. T. O’Donovan ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
L. Dosdall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Early Fall

Polymer seed coatings offer an opportunity to fall seed Brassica napus earlier in October, thus avoiding difficult seeding conditions (wet/frozen soils) common in late October or early November. A multi-year field experiment was conducted at four locations in Alberta, Canada, to investigate the effect of early (mid-October) and late fall (late October-early November) canola seeding with and without a germination-inhibiting polymer seed coat. Yield and yield components were determined in glufosinate (hybrid and open-pollinated), glyphosate (open-pollinated), and imidazolinone (open-pollinated) herbicidetolerant canola cultivars. Early-seeded canola without the polymer coat had a reduced plant density of 58% compared to late-fall-seeded canola. Application of the polymer coat on early-seeded canola increased plant density by 80% compared to uncoated seed. Seed yield and dockage were not affected by seeding date when a polymer seed coating was used. Without the polymer seed coat, canola yield was reduced 42% and dockage increased 6% when seeding occurred in early vs. late fall. Increased pod production from early-fall-seeded uncoated canola compared to other seeding dates could only partially compensate for canola yield. Cultivar interactions generally were not agronomically important. The use of polymer seed coatings with all these herbicide-tolerant cultivars will allow producers to seed earlier in fall, rather than waiting for cooler soil conditions in late fall. Key words: Canola (Brassica napus L.), dormant seeding, polymer seed coating

When is fall feeding by flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola (Brassica napus L.) a problem?

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Juliana J. Soroka ◽  
Larry F. Grenkow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The Third ◽  
Flea Beetles ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Seed Yields

Soroka, J. J. and L. F. Grenkow. 2012. When is fall feeding by flea beetles ( Phyllotreta spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on canola ( Brassica napus L.) a problem? Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 97–107. Two cultivars of Brassica napus canola were seeded in mid-May and early June in three field experiments in each of 3 yr near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to determine the effects of late-season flea beetle feeding on seed yields. In the first experiment, canola was sprayed with insecticide late in the summer to eliminate naturally-infesting flea beetles. In the second, 1×1×1.5 m screen cages were placed over early- and late-seeded canola at flowering and infested with flea beetles as canola matured. In the third investigation, sleeve cages were placed over individual plants and infested with 100 flea beetles. Flea beetles had no detrimental effects on early-seeded canola in any experiment, but did affect seed yields of late-seeded plots in some trials. Over two cultivars in 1 year, late-seeded plants in cube cages infested with about 350 flea beetles per plant when lower pods were turning from translucent to green in colour reduced yield by 241 kg ha−1 over control yields. Seed weights in these late-seeded plots were decreased from 2.68 g per 1000 seeds in uninfested cages to 2.44 g per 1000 seeds in infested cages. Populations of 100 flea beetles per plant in sleeve cages had no effect on harvest parameters in any seeding date or year.

scholarly journals  Effect of 2,4-D as a novel inducer of embryogenesis in microspores of Brassica napus L.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Ardebili ◽  
M.E. Shariatpanahi ◽  
R. Amiri ◽  
M. Emamifar ◽  
M. Oroojloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time

The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) applied at high concentrations for a short time was investigated as a novel stress for induction of microspore embryogenesis for the first time. Brassica napus L. cvs. Topas and Hyola 420 were used as model plants for testing this hypothesis. Microspores were subjected to 2,4-D at 4 concentrations (15, 25, 35 and 45 mg/l) for 15–45 min while the classical heat shock was used as the control treatment. Among 2,4-D treatments in Topas, the highest yield of torpedo-stage embryos was achieved at 15 mg/l 2,4-D for 30 min while more normal plantlets were produced when 2,4-D (25 mg/l for 30 min) was applied to the microspores. In Hyola 420 the results showed a lower number of embryos and normal plantlets at all concentrations of 2,4-D. Although Hyola 420 was almost equally embryogenic as Topas after heat shock treatment, large differences between genotypes (concerning embryogenic response) occurred after 2,4-D treatment. However, the mean number of embryos and regenerants was higher in heat shock as compared to 2,4-D induced stress (one magnitude of order). According to the results obtained, 2,4-D can be introduced as a new stress for induction of embryogenesis in microspores similarly like in zygotic and somatic cells. This novel stress is very important for plant species whose microspores are extremely sensitive to classical stresses.

Effects of defoliation intensity at the first grazing of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) by dairy cattle on subsequent regrowth potential, total DM consumed, nutritive characteristics and nutrient selection

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Ward ◽  
J. L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Growing Period

The use of summer brassica forage crops in dryland dairy systems in southern Victoria is considered a key component of the feed base as they provide home-grown forage with high nutritive characteristics during a period where perennial ryegrass growth is limited due to high summer temperatures and low soil water content. Current knowledge on the use of single-grazing brassica crops such as turnips (Brassica rapa L.) is well defined; however, information on the management of regrowth brassica species that can provide multiple grazings is more limited. The present experiment determined the effect of different grazing regimes (high, medium and low defoliation intensity) at the first grazing on subsequent regrowth capability and nutritive characteristics of Winfred (Brassica napus L.) over the summer growing period across 2 years. We hypothesised that intensive defoliation of a summer regrowth brassica at the first grazing will result in lower total DM yields and harvested estimated metabolisable energy (ME) and crude protein per hectare for the growing season than do more lax grazing options that results in less DM removal at the first grazing. Total DM and estimated ME consumed over the growing period varied between years. In Year 1, more (P < 0.05) DM was consumed at the first grazing and less (P < 0.05) at the subsequent grazing for the high-intensity treatment. However, both total DM and estimated ME consumed were higher (P < 0.05) for the high-intensity treatment than for the low-intensity treatment, while in Year 2, there were no differences between the treatments. Nutritive characteristics and mineral concentrations were relatively unaffected by grazing regimes. The results of the present experiment indicated that the optimum grazing management to maximise total DM yields and consumption of spring-sown Winfred will vary depending on the seasonal growing conditions. In years where moisture stress will be limiting crop growth, a high defoliation-intensity first grazing that consumes a high proportion of DM on offer, including some of the main stem, will maximise the total DM grown and consumed from the crop. Care, however, should be taken not to remove all axillary buds from the remaining stems. In summers where moisture stress is not likely to seriously restrict crop growth, a medium defoliation-intensity grazing where the leaf and petiole, but little of the stem, are removed will maximise DM regrowth, leading to maximum total DM grown for the season. A high defoliation-intensity first grazing that removes at least half the stem is, under these conditions, likely to remove too many axillary buds and reduce water-soluble carbohydrate reserves required for DM regrowth, while a lax first grazing will result in a lower DM regrowth.

scholarly journals PHOSPHOROUS SEED COATING AFFECT TO GERMINATION, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND YIELD OF RAPE

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Veneranda Stramkale ◽  
K. Jukāma ◽  
A. Stalažs ◽  
Māra Vikmane ◽  
U. Kondratovičs
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Great Effectiveness ◽  
Green Pigments ◽  
Seeds Germination

Rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) is long ago-known vegetable of Brassicaceae in agriculture. It is important and valuable oil, forage, green-fertiliser and nectar plant. The experience of last years shows that rape is suitable for growing in conditions of Latvia, but investigations about its cultivars and growing technologies are not wide enough.The phosporus-fertilizer adding in the rape plantations is of great importance for increasing of its productivity. With the aim to reduce the expenses the phosphorus treated rape seeds are made use.In our investigations the velocity of seeds germination, germinating viability, germinating vigour, green pigments” quantity in seed-lobes and seeds” corp are studied. The conclusion is drawn that phosphorus treated seeds are of elevated physiological activity and elevated quantity of chlorophyll in seed-lobes, the seed-corp is increased for 3-70%. The velocity of the seeds” germination, germinating ability and germinat ing viability is increased too.The making use of phosphorus treated seeds is of great effectiveness because it gives the possibility to prevent phosphorus-lack in plants and to increase physiological activity and productivity of plants.

Development and Evaluation of a Prototype for Seed Coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Bruno Adelino de Melo ◽  
Francisco de Assis Cardoso Almeida ◽  
Josivanda Palmeira Gomes ◽  
Jaime José da Silveira Barros Neto ◽  
Joselito Sousa Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Small Producer ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Cementing Material

The use of technologies is increasingly present in agriculture. The seed coating is one of these technologies. However, to obtain it, it’s demanded the use of machines and technics which are restricted to production companies, burdening the price on this type of product. Given the above, it was aimed to develop and evaluate a prototype capable of coating small seeds. To elaborate the conceptual design of the prototype it was employed the computer program for modeling 3D SketchUp, version 2014. The prototype measures were expressed in millimeters (mm). The prototype has three main parts: (1) support base, (2) seed coating bowl, and (3) cementing material container. To evaluate the prototype, bentonite, gypsum and kaolin were used as filling materials of the colza seed (Brassica napus L.). As cementing material the PVA glue was used in the percentages of 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The studied variables were prototype yield, production cost of the coated seeds and residue generated in the coating process. The prototype has a compact size, answering the needs of laboratory and/or small producer. It presented cost and residues in an acceptable level and yield up to 88%.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Pod Sealants in Increasing Pod Shattering Resistance in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dainius Steponavičius ◽  
Aurelija Kemzūraitė ◽  
Laimis Bauša ◽  
Ernestas Zaleckas
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pod Shattering ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Net Profit

Shattering of pods of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a major cause of seed yield losses prior to and during harvesting. In order to reduce shattering, researchers have been engaged in the development of special preparations that are known as pod sealants (PS). Despite the fact that there are already developed and commercialized PSs that have only been effective on seed yield preservation under certain environmental conditions, there is still a need to create a more versatile and efficient PS. Currently, the most promising method of controlling pod shattering in oilseed rape is the application of our developed novel acrylic- and trisiloxane-based pod sealant (PS4). The effectiveness of PS4 and three commercial pod sealants (PS1, PS2, and PS3) was assessed in this comparative study. By spraying an oilseed rape crop with PS4, natural seed loss can be reduced by 20–70%, depending on the prevailing weather conditions, and loss of seeds during harvest can be reduced by more than three-fold compared with that by the control treatment. Thus, the overall results demonstrated that by applying a novel pod sealant (PS4) to oilseed rape crops 2 weeks before harvest can increase the net profit margin by €30–€150 ha−1. The life cycle assessment showed that during 2014–2016 oilseed rape cultivation, the largest effect on global warming emission (kg CO2 eq) reduction was experimental sealant PS4, i.e., approximately 17% compared to the control.

scholarly journals Comparison of Response of Canola (Brassica napus L. cv Hyola 401) to Biofertilizer Inoculation in Optimal and Delayed Cropping Dates

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Yasari
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Percent Level ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Inoculation ◽  
Brassica Napus L

In order to compare the effects of phosphate solubilizing bacteria as biofertilizer and mineral phosphorous application in optimal date of sowing with delayed cropping date on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and productivity, a split-plot experiment using randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at Dasht-e-Naz Agronomy Research Station in 2014. Four levels of bacterial inoculation (Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, singly or in combination) were applied as main plots and five levels of mineral phosphorous application (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg/ha of mineral phosphorous) were applied as sub plots. Canola plant were sown at two dates of sowing, one at optimal date of sowing (Sept. 30, 2014) and the other one month later as delayed cropping (Oct. 30, 2014). The results obtained showed that effects of bacterial inoculation on number of seeds per pod, number of pods on plant, and seed yield were significant at one percent probability level at both sowing dates. Moreover, rates of phosphate application had significant effects on all traits at one percent level. Comparing the means showed that application of mineral P resulted in substantial increase in seed yield. At optimal date of sowing, it was shown that while minimum seed yield obtained at control treatment (1600 kg/ha), the maximum (2980 kg/ha) obtained with interaction effects of application of both bacterial strains along with 75 kg/ha mineral P, having no statistically difference with that of P. fluorescence along with 75 kg/ha mineral P (2940 kg/ha). It was shown that delayed cropping resulted in decreasing canola growth which is reflected in seed yield and yield components. Minimum seed yield at control plot at first date of sowing (1600 kg/ha) decreased to 740 kg/ha in second date of sowing, showing 54% decrease. The maximum seed yield also decreased in delayed cropping, from 2980 kg/ha at Sept. 30, 2014 as compared to 1074 kg/ha at Oct. 30, 2014, showing a 64% decrease. The results obtained showed that an increase in P level, eventually enhanced the seed yield. This increasing trend continued until a threshold level (75 kg/ha of P), after which seed yield showed a declining fashion.

Chickpea, lentil and pea response to delayed spring seeding on the Northern Great Plains

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miller ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
C. L. McDonald ◽  
J. Waddington
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Seeding Date

We compared the effects of spring seeding date on stand density, crop growth, seed yield, water-use-efficiency, and grain quality of three pulse crops [chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)] grown at Scott and Swift Current, SK, during 1993 to 1997. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) was used as a reference crop. Seeding date did not meaningfully affect plant density for chickpea, lentil or pea. Crop growth stage related to thermal time resulted in robust prediction equations for chickpea, lentil and pea (R2 = 0.87 to 0.98). When seeding was delayed 2 wk, the crop response was inconsistent. When seeding was delayed by 4 wk, consistent, mainly negative, effects on crop parameters occurred due to the exacerbation of summer drought stress. Pulse crop yields were more negatively affected by delayed seeding than were wheat yields. When seeding of chickpea, lentil, and pea was delayed 4 wk, seed yield decreased at the majority of site-years. When yield reductions occurred, the average reductions were 44, 38, and 31%, for the respective species. For chickpea and lentil, seeding delays of 2 and 4 wk decreased seed size at the majority of site-years with seed size reductions averaging 10% when they occurred. In the semiarid Northern Great Plains (NGP), chickpea, lentil, and pea should be seeded before spring wheat due to a greater risk of loss of yield and quality. Key words: Chickpea, growth stage, lentil, northern great plains, pea, seeding date

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