Response of the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test to liquid and composted dairy manure applications in a corn agroecosystem

Dairy manure is important for corn (Zea mays L.) production in New York. Optimizing corn yield while minimizing environmental loss with manure nutrients is often a challenge. A potential tool for improving N management is the Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test (ISNT), which estimates amino sugar N, a pool of potentially mineralizable N for corn uptake. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the short-term effects of manure applications on ISNT-N, and (2) the longer-term impacts of annual additions of composted and liquid dairy manure on ISNT-N. A 6-wk incubation study showed that NH4-N from manure temporarily (< 2 wk) increased ISNT results. A 4-yr field study was conducted with annual spring applications of two rates of composted dairy manure (45 and 77 Mg ha-1) and two liquid dairy manure rates (63.5 and 180 kL ha-1). Results showed that ISNT-N slightly decreased over time in check plots (no manure or fertilizer additions) and that increases in ISNT-N over time in compost and liquid manure amended plots were consistent with changes in N credits currently given to manures in New York. Our results suggest that the ISNT accounts for N in previously applied compost and manure amendments, but that samples should not be taken within 2-wk following manure addition. Key words: Amino sugar, compost, Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test, nitrogen, manure, nutrient management

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Divergent Accumulation of Microbial Residues and Amino Sugars in Loess Soil after Six Years of Different Inorganic Nitrogen Enrichment Scenarios

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5788

Author(s):

Dominic Kwadwo Anning ◽

Zhilong Li ◽

Huizhen Qiu ◽

Delei Deng ◽

Chunhong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Biomass ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Amino Sugar ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Sugar Accumulation ◽

Amino Sugars ◽

N Enrichment ◽

Over Time ◽

Microbial Residues

Amino sugars are key microbial biomarkers for determining the contribution of microbial residues in soil organic matter (SOM). However, it remains largely unclear as to what extent inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilization can lead to the significant degradation of SOM in alkaline agricultural soils. A six-year field experiment was conducted from 2013 to 2018 to evaluate the effects of chronic N enrichment on microbial residues, amino sugars, and soil biochemical properties under four nitrogen (urea, 46% N) fertilization scenarios: 0 (no-N, control), 75 (low-N), 225 (medium-N), and 375 (high-N) kg N ha−1. The results showed that chronic N enrichment stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time. The medium-N treatment increased the concentration of muramic acid (15.77%), glucosamine (13.55%), galactosamine (18.84%), bacterial residues (16.88%), fungal residues (11.31%), and total microbial residues (12.57%) compared to the control in 2018; however, these concentrations were comparable to the high-N treatment concentrations. The ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine and of glucosamine to muramic acid decreased over time due to a larger increase in bacterial residues as compared to fungal residues. Microbial biomass, soil organic carbon, and aboveground plant biomass positively correlated with microbial residues and amino sugar components. Chronic N enrichment improved the soil biochemical properties and aboveground plant biomass, which stimulated microbial residues and amino sugar accumulation over time.

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Influence of the time and rate of liquid-manure application on yield and nitrogen utilization of silage corn in south coastal British Columbia

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss96-022 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 153-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

B. J. Zebarth ◽

J. W. Paul ◽

O. Schmidt ◽

R. McDougall

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

N Recovery ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Residual Soil ◽

Soil Nitrate ◽

Liquid Manure ◽

Manure Application ◽

Coastal British Columbia

Manure-N availability must be known in order to design application practices that maximize the nutrient value of the manure while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. This study determined the effect of time and rate of liquid manure application on silage corn yield and N utilization, and residual soil nitrate at harvest, in south coastal British Columbia. Liquid dairy or liquid hog manure was applied at target rates of 0, 175, 350 or 525 kg N ha−1, with or without addition of 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer, at two sites in each of 2 yr. Time of liquid-dairy-manure application was also tested at two sites in each of 2 yr with N-application treatments of: 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in spring; 600 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in fall; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure applied in each of spring and fall; 200 kg N ha−1 applied as inorganic fertilizer in spring; 300 kg N ha−1 as manure plus 100 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer applied in spring; and a control that received no applied N. Fall-applied manure did not increase corn yield or N uptake in the following growing season. At all sites, maximum yield was attained using manure only. Selection of proper spring application rates for manure and inorganic fertilizer were found to be equally important in minimizing residual soil nitrate at harvest. Apparent recovery of applied N in the crop ranged from 0 to 33% for manure and from 18 to 93% for inorganic fertilizer. Key words: N recovery, manure management

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Plant uptake of nitrogen adsorbed to biochars made from dairy manure

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94337-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leilah Krounbi ◽

Akio Enders ◽

John Gaunt ◽

Margaret Ball ◽

Johannes Lehmann

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Crop Production ◽

Liquid Fraction ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dairy Manure ◽

Production Costs ◽

Available N ◽

Dairy Waste ◽

Pre Treatment

AbstractThe conversion of dairy waste with high moisture contents to dry fertilizers may reduce environmental degradation while lowering crop production costs. We converted the solid portion of screw-pressed dairy manure into a sorbent for volatile ammonia (NH3) in the liquid fraction using pyrolysis and pre-treatment with carbon dioxide (CO2). The extractable N in manure biochar exposed to NH3 following CO2 pre-treatment reached 3.36 g N kg−1, 1260-fold greater extractable N than in untreated manure biochar. Ammonia exposure was 142-times more effective in increasing extractable N than immersing manure biochar in the liquid fraction containing dissolved ammonium. Radish and tomato grown in horticultural media with manure biochar treated with CO2 + NH3 promoted up to 35% greater plant growth (dry weight) and 36–83% greater N uptake compared to manure biochar alone. Uptake of N was similar between plants grown with wood biochar exposed to CO2 + NH3, compared to N-equivalent treatments. The available N in dairy waste in New York (NY) state, if pyrolyzed and treated with NH3 + CO2, is equivalent to 11,732–42,232 Mg N year−1, valued at 6–21.5 million USD year−1. Separated dairy manure treated with CO2 + NH3 can offset 23–82% of N fertilizer needs of NY State, while stabilizing both the solid and liquid fraction of manure for reduced environmental pollution.

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Overtreatment of Neonates? A Personal Retrospective

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.90.6.971 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 971-976

Author(s):

William A. Silverman

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Moral Judgment ◽

Social Experience ◽

Premature Neonate ◽

Human Values ◽

Small Hospital ◽

Moral Problems ◽

Over Time

Man's power over Nature is really the power of some men over other men, with Nature as their instrument. —C. S. Lewis The question of overtreatment of seriously compromised neonates with life-prolonging hardware is, in the end, a weighing of values—a moral judgment. The most pressing issues of our time, it has been said, are not matters of engineering, but of human values. And, didactic opinion to the contrary notwithstanding, I am prepared to argue that moral judgment is not monolithic. A system of values is not the same everywhere and for everyone. Nor is it an unchanging construct over time—even throughout one's own lifetime. Piaget,1 Kohlberg,2 and Rest3 have all made a strong case for the view that differences among people, in the way they evaluate moral problems, are determined, largely, by their concepts of fairness. A sense of right grows more discerning with age and is influenced by the amount and the complexity of social experience. Let me explain what I am getting at, by relating the growth of my own social experience as a rescuer of extremely small neonates. It began 47 years ago, when I was on the housestaff at The Babies Hospital in New York City. On January 27, 1945, a premature neonate was born in a small hospital in the Bronx, at 5½ months of gestation; birth weight was 600 g. The obstetrician was astounded that this extremely small girl breathed spontaneously and he was even more amazed to find her still alive the following day.

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Learning from success stories: leadership structures that support dual language programs over time in New York City

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism ◽

10.1080/13670050.2010.539673 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 187-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Victoria Hunt

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Dual Language ◽

Language Programs ◽

Dual Language Programs ◽

Success Stories ◽

Over Time

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Three months of informational trends in COVID-19 across New York City

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa082 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 448-450

Author(s):

Wil Lieberman-Cribbin ◽

Naomi Alpert ◽

Adam Gonzalez ◽

Rebecca M Schwartz ◽

Emanuela Taioli

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

Information Seeking ◽

New York State ◽

Search Term ◽

Multiple Sources ◽

The Usa ◽

Trend Data ◽

Over Time

Abstract In the midst of widespread community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York, residents have sought information about COVID-19. We analyzed trends in New York State (NYS) and New York City (NYC) data to quantify the extent of COVID-19-related queries. Data on the number of 311 calls in NYC, Google Trend data on the search term ‘Coronavirus’ and information about trends in COVID-19 cases in NYS and the USA were compiled from multiple sources. There were 1228 994 total calls to 311 between 22 January 2020 and 22 April 2020, with 50 845 calls specific to COVID-19 in the study period. The proportion of 311 calls related to COVID-19 increased over time, while the ‘interest over time’ of the search term ‘Coronavirus’ has exponentially increased since the end of February 2020. It is vital that public health officials provide clear and up-to-date information about protective measures and crucial communications to respond to information-seeking behavior across NYC.

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Nutrient Management Effects on Wine Grape Tissue Nutrient Content

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants11020158 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

John L. Havlin ◽

Robert Austin ◽

David Hardy ◽

Adam Howard ◽

Josh L. Heitman

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Field Studies ◽

Soil Test ◽

Full Bloom ◽

Management Decisions ◽

Late Season ◽

Foliar N ◽

N Management

With limited research supporting local nutrient management decisions in North Carolina grape (Vitis vinifera) production, field studies (2015–17) were conducted to evaluate late season foliar nitrogen (N) application on leaf and petiole N concentration and yeast assimilable N (YAN) in the fruit. Foliar urea (1% v/v) was applied at different rates and application times beginning pre-and post-veraison. Compared to soil applied N, late season foliar N substantially enhanced petiole N and grape YAN. Smaller split N applications were generally more effective in increasing YAN than single larger N rates. These data demonstrate the value of assessing plant N content at full bloom with petiole N analysis or remote sensing to guide foliar N management decisions. Additional field studies (2008–11) were conducted to evaluate pre-bud soil applied phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) effects on petiole P and K nutrient status. Fertilizer P and K were initially broadcast applied (0–896 kg P2O5 ha−1; 0–672 kg K2O ha−1) prior to bud-break in 2008–09 and petiole P and K at full bloom soil test P and K were monitored for three to four years after application. Soil test and petiole P and K were significantly increased with increasing P and K rates, which subsequently declined to near unfertilized levels over the sampling time depending on site and P and K rate applied. These data demonstrate the value of annually monitoring petiole P and K levels to accurately assess plant P and K status to better inform nutrient management decisions.

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Temporal Trends in COVID-19 associated AKI from March to December 2020 in New York City

10.1101/2021.01.18.21249414 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sergio Dellepiane ◽

Akhil Vaid ◽

Suraj K Jaladanki ◽

Ishan Paranjpe ◽

Steven Coca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

New York ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

New York City ◽

Renal Replacement Therapy ◽

York City ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Over Time

AbstractAcute Kidney Injury (AKI) is among the most common complications of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Throughout 2020 pandemic, the clinical approach to COVID-19 has progressively improved, but it is unknown how these changes have affected AKI incidence and severity. In this retrospective analysis, we report the trend over time of COVID-19 associated AKI and need of renal replacement therapy in a large health system in New York City, the first COVID-19 epicenter in United States.

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