Forage seed yield response to N and P fertilizers and soil nutrients in northeastern Saskatchewan

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
P. R. Horton ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
L. Townley-Smith ◽  
T. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Available N ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
P Fertilizers

There is no information on the effect, in northeastern Saskatchewan, of N and P fertilizers on forage seed production as influenced by these nutrients in the soil. Therefore, experiments were conducted at eight sites from 1988 to 1991 to determine the effect of N and P fertilizers and soil nutrients on seed yields of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.), intermediate wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium [Host.] Beauv.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied on grasses annually at 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 in factorial combination with 0, 9 and 18 kg P ha−1 (monoammonium phosphate and triple superphosphate) and on alfalfa at 0 and 50 kg N ha−1 in combination with 0, 9, 18, 26 and 53 kg P ha−1. Nitrogen significantly increased forage seed yields of all species except alfalfa. Phosphorus increased yields of forage seed for all crops except intermediate wheatgrass. The site, N, P and year and their interactions influenced seed yields. Seed yields ranged from a low of 0.29 t ha−1 for smooth bromegrass in 1990, a dry year, to a high of 1.24 t ha−1 in 1989 a cool, moist year. The yield response to N and P fertilizers was affected by available soil N and P. Relative to control, the percentage increase in grass seed yield from applied N and P fertilizers was highly related to the available soil N and P (R2 = 0.93). The estimated smooth bromegrass seed yield response to 50N–9P kg ha−1 was 0.54 t ha−1 when the soil had intermediate amounts of available N and P (2 mg N ha−1 and 8 mg P ha−1, 0- to 60-cm and 0- to 15-cm depths, respectively). On a soil that tested high in available N and P, there was no response to fertilizer. Regression equations were developed that can be used to estimate forage seed yield response of different species in relation to available soil nutrients. These results are useful for estimating the most economical return on fertilizer investment for forage seed production in Saskatchewan. Key words: Forage, seed, N, P, fertilizer, soil tests, correlation

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER, ROW SPACING, AND IRRIGATION ON SEED YIELD OF NINE GRASSES IN CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Crowle
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Intermediate Wheatgrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Tall Wheatgrass ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine perennial grasses were grown for seed under irrigation and dryland conditions using 3-ft and 1-ft row spacing, and with and without fertilizer. Grasses were quite specific in their seed yield response. All grasses benefited from irrigation, some more than others. Three-foot row spacings resulted in higher seed yields for crested wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, tall wheatgrass, and Russian wild ryegrass for both dryland and irrigation. The 3-ft spacing gave reduced seed yields for creeping red fescue and Kentucky bluegrass for both irrigated and dryland conditions. Wide spacing benefited slender wheatgrass only on dryland. Fertilizer gave quite inconsistent responses, and for slender wheatgrass, creeping red fescue, and Kentucky bluegrass under dryland conditions, fertilizer caused a reduction in seed yields. Fertilizer resulted in reduced yields of tall wheatgrass when grown under irrigation.

Increase Longleaf Pine Seed Yields by Inhibiting Conelet Abortion

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Longleaf Pine ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A single foliar spray with either antiethylene compounds or cytokinins shortly after anthesis reduced conelet abortion by half and doubled seed production. Spraying with boric acid plus Cytex® , a relatively economical form of cytokinin derived from seaweed, was equally effective,and addition of certain antiethylene compounds further improved seed yield. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):6-9.

scholarly journals Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) seed yield response to fungicides a summary of 12 years of field research

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
B.L. McCloy ◽  
I.C. Harvey ◽  
R.W. Chynoweth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Green Leaf Area

A summary of seed yield data from 19 fungicide trials in perennial and hybrid ryegrass (Lolium spp) seed crops conducted over a 12 year period is presented Seed yields from the best fungicide treatments were increased on average by 25 in forage ryegrass (390 kg/ha) and 42 in turf ryegrass (580 kg/ha) Seed yield increases were associated with the control of stem rust and/or maintaining green leaf area during seed fill In turf ryegrass (susceptible to stem rust) delaying the first fungicide application until stem rust appeared resulted in seed yields that were not different (P>005) from the untreated experimental controls whereas early fungicide applications from the beginning of reproductive development increased seed yield by between 36 and 42 Fungicide mixes of a triazole plus a strobilurin usually gave higher seed yields than using either fungicide type alone

Preharvest glyphosate in alfalfa for seed production: Effect on alfalfa seed yield and quality

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. May ◽  
H. A. Loeppky ◽  
D. C. Murrell ◽  
C. D. Myhre ◽  
J. J. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Seed Yields

Preharvest applications of glyphosate have been shown to be effective in controlling Canada thistle in annual crops, but may reduce alfalfa seed yield depending on time and rate of application. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of preharvest applications of glyphosate on subsequent alfalfa seed yield and quality. The effects of timing, 1, 26, 51 and 76% alfalfa seed pod maturity, and rate, 0, 440, 880, 1320, and 1760 g a.i. ha-1, of a preharvest application of glyphosate on alfalfa seed yield and quality in the year of application, and regrowth and seed yield in the following year were determined. The rate of glyphosate applied did not affect seed yield in the application year; however, in the following year, growth and seed yield were reduced as rates increased. Delaying the application of glyphosate increased seed yields in the application year, but decreased alfalfa regrowth and flowering the following year. Germination and seedling emergence were not affected by the rate or timing of the glyphosate. A preharvest application of glyphosate at 1760 g a.i. ha-1 at 76% pod maturity is a viable option in the last year of seed production. Key words: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), glyphosate, abnormal seeds, seed quality, and seedling vigour

Effect of shallow, rotary cultivation with vertical tines and nitrogen fertilization on the seed productivity of creeping red fescue

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-719
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
River Region ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Seed Crops

A field study in the Peace River region of north-western Canada evaluated the effect of shallow rotary cultivation with vertical tines on the seed production of stands of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). At four sites, rotary cultivation treatments (None, Low, Medium and High tine rotor speed) were applied after the harvest of the first and second seed crops, in factorial combination with the time of application of 68 kg ha-1 N fertilizer (Early fall, Late fall, and Split 1:1 early:late fall). In harvest years 2 and 3, the effect of site on seed yield per unit land area was modified by both N and rotary cultivation. In harvest year 2, seed yield at Site 1 was increased greatly by rotary cultivation, regardless of the tine rotor speed, but there was little difference among the four cultivation treatments at the other three sites. In harvest year 3, seed yield was increased with Low, Medium and High rotary cultivation to 6- to 11-fold that without rotary cultivation at Sites 1 and 2 but only to 1.4- to 2-fold at Sites 3 and 4. Seed yield response to rotary cultivation was dependent on site and year, a reflection of the physiological status of the fescue plants at each specific site. Rotary cultivation treatments may have been too detrimental to tiller growth and development for sustaining and enhancing seed yield, particularly at Sites 3 and 4 prior to harvest year 2. There was no consistent pattern of response in seed yield among the four sites to the three N treatments in either harvest year 2 or 3. Although there was a significant (P < 0.001) N × rotary cultivation interaction for seed yield in harvest year 3, the pattern among cultivation treatments was generally similar for each N treatment; compared to no cultivation, the three cultivation treatments more than doubled seed yield to 255–322 kg ha-1 with Early and Split N and increased it 4- to 6-fold to 203–288 kg ha-1 with Late N. There is some potential for rotary cultivation, but the selected treatments were generally too aggressive in suppressing tillers. Key words: Rejuvenation of creeping red fescue, mechanical rejuvenation, rotary cultivation, power-harrowing, grass seed production

Physiology of growth and seed production in Lupinus angustifolius L. III. Effects of defoliation and lateral branch excision on dry matter and seed production at different growth temperatures

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Downes ◽  
JS Gladstones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Cool Conditions

Plants of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Unicrop were raised at 27/22 or 21/16�C dayhight temperatures until flowering. They were then either grown on to maturity at these conditions or moved to the other regime. Branches were removed as they started to develop and leaves were removed at the start of flowering so that 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 upper leaves or all 21 leaves were retained. Conditions before flowering determined potential pod number. Defoliation treatments revealed that under favourably cool conditions all leaves contributed to seed yield but in treatments involving 27/22'C there was no seed yield response to more than about six leaves, emphasizing the significance of environmental conditions rather than current assimilate on pod set and other yield components. In another experiment, plants were raised to flowering at 27/22, 21/16 or 15/10�C before flowering, when all were moved to 21/16�C. Half the plants were allowed to develop branches and on the remainder branch buds were removed. Branch and stem growth appeared to provide severe competition for the development of the primary inflorescence. Though branching was much more pronounced in plants at 15/10�C before flowering than in other treatments, vegetative development exceeded reproductive investment and harvest index was low under these conditions. It was suggested that there appears to be a need to develop and evaluate unbranched or less-branched lupin genotypes.

Seed production and persistence of Carnamah and other early strains of Trifolium subterraneum in the wheatbelt of Western Australia

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (24) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GB Taylor ◽  
RC Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Seed Yields

Seed production and persistence of the Carnamah, Northam A, Dwalganup, and Geraldton strains of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) were examined in undefoliated swards in the wheatbelt of Western Australia. The early flowering characteristic of Carnamah was not always associated with higher seed yields. Only when there was a well-defined, early finish to the growing season, or when flowering was very much earlier in Carnamah (viz., following an early 'break' to the season), did this strain clearly outyield both Northam A and Geraldton. The seed yield of Dwalganup was generally inferior to that of the other strains. Factors affecting regeneration are discussed. Under low rainfall conditions, poorer germination-regulation of Carnamah, compared with Geraldton and Northam A, would be expected to result in poorer persistence unless offset by higher seed yields in the Carnamah strain.

scholarly journals Influence of Detasseling Methods on Seed Yield of Some Parent Inbred Lines of Turda Maize Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Alexandru Bogdan Ghețe ◽  
Voichița Haș ◽  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Ana Copândean ◽  
Ovidiu Ranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybrid Maize

During the process of maize seed production, in order to ensure the genetic purity of parental forms of hybrid maize, an important work performed is the removal of male inflorescences from plants on mother rows. Hand detasseling has high precision but is labor-intensive. Mechanical detasseling offers the possibility to cover large acreages in a short period of time, but the number of leaves removed has a varying influence on plant performance and seed yield. The aim of this study was to simulate three types of damages on plants similar to those induced through mechanical detasseling and to assess the effects for five inbred lines during the course of three years. Results show that when tassels alone were removed, the average seed yield decreased an average of 4–21%. When two leaves were removed with the tassel, yield decreased an average of 22–31%, while when plants were cut above the main ear, seed yield decreased an average of 31–66%. Environmental conditions influenced seed yield, especially high temperatures during flowering. Yield response to tassel and leaves removal varied between the inbred lines. Genotype controls maize ear and kernel characters, while environmental factors exercise a strong influence on seed yield, due to the succession of years with contrasting weather conditions in a key phenophase. Within the trend of full mechanization in agriculture, identification of inbred lines that cope better with plant damage can assist in optimizing seed production.

The evaluation of dual-purpose groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties for fodder and seed production at Shika, Nigeria

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. OMOKANYE ◽  
O. S. ONIFADE ◽  
P. E. OLORUNJU ◽  
A. M. ADAMU ◽  
R. J. TANKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Forage Yields

At Shika in a subhumid environment of Nigeria, a 3-year study was carried out to select newly developed groundnut varieties for use in crop–livestock production systems. The study examined 11 groundnut varieties. Emergence time, plant stands at full emergence, forage and seed yields and yield components were examined. Whole plant samples were analysed for crude protein (CP) content. Varieties ICGV 87123 gave the lowest forage yield and cultivar M517-80I, the highest, with seven varieties recording forage yields above 5 t/ha. The CP content of forage was lowest (14·8%) for variety M576-80I and highest (21·6%) for variety M554-76. Mean seed yield (over 3 years) varied significantly from 0·73 to 1·68 t/ha. Only two varieties had mean seed yield >1 t/ha. The relationship between seed and forage yields was positive and significant (r = 0·529, P < 0·006). Varieties RMP 12, 88-80I and M517–80 were most promising for both forage and seed production.

Seed production and seed survival under grazing of annual medics (Medicago spp.) in north Syria

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Medicago Rigidula ◽  
Good Guide ◽  
Annual Medics ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Striking Contrast

SummaryThree experiments which measured seed production and seed survival of annual medics (Medicago spp.) were conducted at Tel Hadya in north Syria. In Expts 1 and 2, conducted in consecutive years, the effects of rate and date of sowing on seed yield and its components were measured, while in Expt 3, the residual seed under summer grazing was monitored. In all three experiments seed permeability was observed at frequent intervals in summer and autumn. Selected ecotypes of three native medics (Medicago rigidula (L.) All., M. rotata Boiss. and M. noeana Boiss.) were compared with cultivars of M. truncatula Gaertn. and M. polymorpha (L.).Seed production was greatest at sowing rates of 20–40 kg/ha. The native species produced more seed (up to 1000 kg/ha) than the cultivars (less than 500 kg/ha), although not significantly so in the case of the late-flowering ecotype of M. noeana. Seed yields of 500–1000 kg/ha were considered to be sufficient to perpetuate the pastures, but even higher seed yields are desirable.Seed yield was closely related to number of pods in all ecotypes and, in Expt 2, up to 95% of flowers failed to produce mature pods. Flowers were more likely to mature at high sowing rate (256 kg/ha), in striking contrast to flower production itself which was greatest at sowing rates of less than 30 kg/ha. Flowers produced early in the season (before mid-April) were far more likely to give mature pods than late-produced flowers.In late October, seeds of the native species were less permeable (10%) than those of the cultivars (30%), although their permeability was similar to that of the cultivars in Australia. In the three experiments the seasonal pattern of permeability varied, although there was a tendency for seeds to gain permeability in autumn. In Expt 1 there was a strong suggestion that the change from impermeability to permeability was reversible.Ewes grazing mature pods gained weight, apparently as long as pod availability exceeded 10 kg/ha. It was clear that the condition of ewes was not a good guide to appropriate stocking rate for persistence of pastures, and that farmers will have to use other methods to assist them in grazing management.

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