scholarly journals The role of immunotherapy in treating lung cancer: current status and future perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlton Bijesh Ray ◽  
Vinesan Vijayarasa ◽  
Maariyah Vankad ◽  
Mohamed Sherif ◽  
Amer Harky
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Efficacy Assessment

Lung cancers have the worst incident and mortality rates. Cancers such as advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas are inoperable and often the only treatment available is chemo-radiotherapy. There has been little improvement in long-term survival recently, prompting research into novel treatments. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a form of immunotherapy used in lung cancer. The efficacy of ICIs is dependent on: the part of the pathway affected; the presence of prognostic biomarkers; the method of efficacy assessment; the stage of the disease and other drugs involved. Monoclonal antibodies, Toll-like receptor agonists and cancer vaccines have shown modest effects on survival. Refinement of treatment regimens and prognostic biomarkers will help improve the survival of patients in the future.

scholarly journals Biological therapies in nonsmall cell lung cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 1601520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Zugazagoitia ◽  
Sonia Molina-Pinelo ◽  
Fernando Lopez-Rios ◽  
Luis Paz-Ares
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Biological Therapies ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Medical Disciplines

Biological therapies have improved survival outcomes of advanced-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Genotype-directed therapies have changed treatment paradigms of patients withEGFR-mutant andALK/ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinomas, and the list of druggable targets with demonstrated clinical actionability (BRAF, MET, RET, NTRK1andHER2) continues to expand. Furthermore, we have incrementally understood the mechanisms of cancer immune evasion and foresee ways to effectively circumvent them, particularly at the immune checkpoint level. Drugs targeting the tumour immune-evasive PD-1 pathway have demonstrated remarkable treatment benefits in this disease, with a non-negligible fraction of patients potentially receiving long-term survival benefits. Herein, we briefly discuss the role of various medical disciplines in the management of advanced-stage NSCLC and review the most relevant biological therapies for this disease, with particular emphasis in genotype-directed therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Delays in diagnosis and initiating treatment for patients with lung cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6102-6102
Author(s):  
R. L. Vandermeer ◽  
S. J. Dimitry ◽  
A. Arnold ◽  
P. M. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Centre ◽  
Specialist Referral ◽  
Regional Cancer Centre ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

6102 Background: Many patients with lung cancer report delays in the diagnosis of their disease. This situation may contribute to advanced stage at diagnosis and poor long term survival. This study explores the delays experienced by patients referred to a regional cancer centre with lung cancer. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients referred to a regional cancer centre with newly diagnosed lung cancer were surveyed over a 3 month period. Surgically resected patients were not included as they were treated at another site. Patients were asked when they first experienced symptoms, when they saw their doctor, what tests were done, when they saw a specialist and when they started treatment. A medical record review was employed to validate the data patients provided. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the different time intervals. Results: 56 of 73 patients consented (RR 77%). However, only 52 patients (30M, 22F) were interviewed as two expired before being interviewed and two could not be contacted. The mean age was 68 yrs. Stage distribution was as follows: IB/IIA 10%, IIIA 20%, IIIB/IV 70%. The initial treatment was as follows: 10% of patients supportive care alone, 19% chemotherapy, 44% radiation and 27% had combined chemoradiation. Patients waited a median of 21 days (IQR 7–51d) before seeing a doctor and a further 22d (IQR 0–38d) to complete any investigations. The median time from presentation to specialist referral was 27d (IQR 12–49d) and a further 63d (IQR 44–102d) to complete investigations. The median wait time to start treatment once patients were seen at the cancer centre was 10d (IRQ 2–28d). The overall time from development of first symptoms to starting treatment was 139d (IQR 100–174d). Conclusions: Lung cancer patients experience substantial delays from development of symptoms to first initiating treatment. There is a need to develop and evaluate rapid assessment clinics for patients with suspected lung cancers. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Platelet PD-L1 reflects collective intratumoral PD-L1 expression and predicts immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Hinterleitner ◽  
Jasmin Strähle ◽  
Elke Malenke ◽  
Martina Hinterleitner ◽  
Melanie Henning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Tumor Immune Evasion ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Nsclc Patients

AbstractImmune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have transformed oncological therapy. Up to 20% of all non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) show durable responses upon treatment with ICI, however, robust markers to predict therapy response are missing. Here we show that blood platelets interact with lung cancer cells and that PD-L1 protein is transferred from tumor cells to platelets in a fibronectin 1, integrin α5β1 and GPIbα-dependent manner. Platelets from NSCLC patients are found to express PD-L1 and platelet PD-L1 possess the ability to inhibit CD4 and CD8 T-cells. An algorithm is developed to calculate the activation independent adjusted PD-L1 payload of platelets (pPD-L1Adj.), which is found to be superior in predicting the response towards ICI as compared to standard histological PD-L1 quantification on tumor biopsies. Our data suggest that platelet PD-L1 reflects the collective tumor PD-L1 expression, plays important roles in tumor immune evasion and overcomes limitations of histological quantification of often heterogeneous intratumoral PD-L1 expression.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of MicroRNA Expression Profiles and Polymorphisms in Lung Cancer Development and Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Megiorni ◽  
Antonio Pizzuti ◽  
Luigi Frati
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Development And Management

Lung cancers account for a huge percentage of death in industrialized countries, and hence there is an increasing call for the development of novel treatments. These malignancies are caused by a combination of environmental factors, principally cigarette smoking and genetic alterations. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of regulatory noncoding small RNAs with a significance in numerous biological processes. Strong evidence links miRNA impaired expression profiles and pathways to the etiology of several diseases, including neoplasia. This paper focuses on the emerging role of miRNA function in lung cancer development with particular highlighting on the use of miRNA profiles and polymorphisms for the molecular and biological characterization of tumor pulmonary growth and progression. Furthermore, we underline the potential utility of lung cancer-associated miRNAs as clinical biomarkers with a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance and give emphasis to the promising novel miRNA-based curative strategies.

scholarly journals Making Checkpoint Inhibitors Part of Treatment of Patients With Locally Advanced Lung Cancers: The Time Is Now

2020 ◽  
pp. e159-e170
Author(s):  
Mark G. Kris ◽  
Corinne Faivre-Finn ◽  
Tiana Kordbacheh ◽  
Jamie Chaft ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Concurrent Chemoradiation ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancers

The PACIFIC trial of durvalumab administered for 1 year to patients with stage III lung cancers has set a new standard of care. PACIFIC established the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for individuals with inoperable and unresectable locally advanced lung cancers that achieve disease control from concurrent chemoradiation. For patients with resectable and operable disease, ICIs administered before surgery, either alone (JHU/MSK, LCMC3, and NEOSTAR) or in combination with chemotherapy (Columbia/MGH and NADIM), have yielded high rates of major pathologic response in resection specimens, an outcome measure that correlates with improved progression-free survival and overall survival. These results have brought forth the dilemma of how to choose the optimal local therapy—either definitive concurrent chemoradiation or surgery—to use with an ICI for patients with stage III lung cancers that are both operable and resectable. Here, we review the data that support the use of each local therapy. Recent successes have also raised the possibility that using ICIs in patients with earlier stages of lung cancer will enhance curability. Randomized trials are underway; however, until they read out, physicians must choose between local and systemic therapies on the basis of the information we have today. Research demonstrates that using surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and ICIs improve all efficacy outcomes and curability. All modalities should be considered in every patient with locally advanced lung cancer. It is imperative that a multimodality discussion that includes the possible addition of ICIs takes place to choose the best modality and sequence of therapies for each patient.

Antitumor Activities of Immune Costimulatory Molecules of TNF Superfamily in Colorectal and Lung Cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Gui ◽  
◽  
Zhixue Wang ◽  
Pan Yin ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Costimulatory Molecules ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Tnf Superfamily

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment that utilizes the innate or adaptive immunity to generate a robust killing of malignant cells. However, only a limited number of cancer patients showed responsiveness to immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors, suggesting the need for potent alternative strategies. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic potentials of costimulatory molecules including TNF superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4), member 9 (TNFSF9), and member 18 (TNFSF18). In tumor samples from human colorectal and lung cancer patients, expression of these factors positively correlated with lymphocyte infiltration and expression of several immune effector genes. In syngeneic mouse tumor models, overexpression of the TNF superfamily costimulatory factors in murine colorectal or lung cancer cells significantly suppressed tumor progression. Especially, TNFSF9 and 18 showed stronger antitumor effects than TNFSF4. Together, our study demonstrated the great potential of cancer immunotherapy targeting these immune costimulatory molecules.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy and non-small cell lung cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Letizia Laera ◽  
Silvia Novello
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 85% of all lung cancers. Immunotherapy has brought a paradigm shift to the treatment of NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as one of the main new therapeutic options for patients with advanced NSCLC. This brief review focuses on analyzing the biological rationale and early clinical data available concerning immunotherapeutic strategies, and more specifically, programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors.

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