scholarly journals C. elegansseam cells as stem cells: Wnt signaling and casein kinase Iα regulate asymmetric cell divisions in an epidermal progenitor cell type

Cell Cycle ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Eisenmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Casein Kinase ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions

scholarly journals Regulating the regulator: Numb acts upstream of p53 to control mammary stem and progenitor cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 211 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa M. Faraldo ◽  
Marina A. Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cell Expansion ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Stem Cell Expansion ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Fate Determinant ◽  
Mammary Stem

In this issue, Tosoni et al. (2015. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201505037) report that cell fate determinant and tumor suppressor Numb imposes asymmetric cell divisions in mammary stem cells by regulating p53. Numb thereby restricts mammary stem cell expansion and controls the proliferation and lineage-specific characteristics of their progeny.

Asymmetric Numb distribution is critical for asymmetric cell division of mouse cerebral cortical stem cells and neuroblasts

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (20) ◽  
pp. 4843-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Shen ◽  
Weimin Zhong ◽  
Yuh Nung Jan ◽  
Sally Temple
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cortical Development ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Neural Lineage ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Β Tubulin

Stem cells and neuroblasts derived from mouse embryos undergo repeated asymmetric cell divisions, generating neural lineage trees similar to those of invertebrates. In Drosophila, unequal distribution of Numb protein during mitosis produces asymmetric cell divisions and consequently diverse neural cell fates. We investigated whether a mouse homologue m-numb had a similar role during mouse cortical development. Progenitor cells isolated from the embryonic mouse cortex were followed as they underwent their next cell division in vitro. Numb distribution was predominantly asymmetric during asymmetric cell divisions yielding a β-tubulin III− progenitor and a β-tubulin III+ neuronal cell (P/N divisions) and predominantly symmetric during divisions producing two neurons (N/N divisions). Cells from the numb knockout mouse underwent significantly fewer asymmetric P/N divisions compared to wild type, indicating a causal role for Numb. When progenitor cells derived from early (E10) cortex undergo P/N divisions, both daughters express the progenitor marker Nestin, indicating their immature state, and Numb segregates into the P or N daughter with similar frequency. In contrast, when progenitor cells derived from later E13 cortex (during active neurogenesis in vivo) undergo P/N divisions they produce a Nestin+ progenitor and a Nestin– neuronal daughter, and Numb segregates preferentially into the neuronal daughter. Thus during mouse cortical neurogenesis, as in Drosophila neurogenesis, asymmetric segregation of Numb could inhibit Notch activity in one daughter to induce neuronal differentiation. At terminal divisions generating two neurons, Numb was symmetrically distributed in approximately 80% of pairs and asymmetrically in 20%. We found a significant association between Numb distribution and morphology: most sisters of neuron pairs with symmetric Numb were similar and most with asymmetric Numb were different. Developing cortical neurons with Numb had longer processes than those without. Numb is expressed by neuroblasts and stem cells and can be asymmetrically segregated by both. These data indicate Numb has an important role in generating asymmetric cell divisions and diverse cell fates during mouse cortical development.

scholarly journals Emerging mechanisms of asymmetric stem cell division

2018 ◽  
Vol 217 (11) ◽  
pp. 3785-3795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt G. Venkei ◽  
Yukiko M. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Division

The asymmetric cell division of stem cells, which produces one stem cell and one differentiating cell, has emerged as a mechanism to balance stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Elaborate cellular mechanisms that orchestrate the processes required for asymmetric cell divisions are often shared between stem cells and other asymmetrically dividing cells. During asymmetric cell division, cells must establish asymmetry/polarity, which is guided by varying degrees of intrinsic versus extrinsic cues, and use intracellular machineries to divide in a desired orientation in the context of the asymmetry/polarity. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge on the mechanisms of asymmetric cell divisions, revealing the previously unappreciated complexity in setting up the cellular and/or environmental asymmetry, ensuring binary outcomes of the fate determination. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the mechanisms and regulations of asymmetric stem cell division.

scholarly journals Regulated spindle orientation buffers tissue growth in the epidermis

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Morrow ◽  
Julie Underwood ◽  
Lindsey Seldin ◽  
Taylor Hinnant ◽  
Terry Lechler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Mammalian Skin ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation

Tissue homeostasis requires a balance between progenitor cell proliferation and loss. Mechanisms that maintain this robust balance are needed to avoid tissue loss or overgrowth. Here we demonstrate that regulation of spindle orientation/asymmetric cell divisions is one mechanism that is used to buffer changes in proliferation and tissue turnover in mammalian skin. Genetic and pharmacologic experiments demonstrate that asymmetric cell divisions were increased in hyperproliferative conditions and decreased under hypoproliferative conditions. Further, active K-Ras also increased the frequency of asymmetric cell divisions. Disruption of spindle orientation in combination with constitutively active K-Ras resulted in massive tissue overgrowth. Together, these data highlight the essential roles of spindle orientation in buffering tissue homeostasis in response to perturbations.

scholarly journals Distribution of CD133 reveals glioma stem cells self-renew through symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. e200-e200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D Lathia ◽  
M Hitomi ◽  
J Gallagher ◽  
S P Gadani ◽  
J Adkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glioma Stem Cells ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions

scholarly journals Yukiko Yamashita: The centrosomes get there first

2013 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-783
Author(s):  
Caitlin Sedwick
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions

Yamashita studies how germline stem cells orient their asymmetric cell divisions.

scholarly journals Spindle orientation and epidermal morphogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1629) ◽  
pp. 20130016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Kulukian ◽  
Elaine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Spindle Orientation ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Molecular Machinery ◽  
Asymmetric Partitioning

Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) result in two unequal daughter cells and are a hallmark of stem cells. ACDs can be achieved either by asymmetric partitioning of proteins and organelles or by asymmetric cell fate acquisition due to the microenvironment in which the daughters are placed. Increasing evidence suggests that in the mammalian epidermis, both of these processes occur. During embryonic epidermal development, changes occur in the orientation of the mitotic spindle in relation to the underlying basement membrane. These changes are guided by conserved molecular machinery that is operative in lower eukaryotes and dictates asymmetric partitioning of proteins during cell divisions. That said, the shift in spindle alignment also determines whether a division will be parallel or perpendicular to the basement membrane, and this in turn provides a differential microenvironment for the resulting daughter cells. Here, we review how oriented divisions of progenitors contribute to the development and stratification of the epidermis.

Asymmetric Cell Divisions in Hematopoietic Stem Cells

1999 ◽  
Vol 872 (1 HEMATOPOIETIC) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIM H. BRUMMENDORF ◽  
WIESLAWA DRAGOWSKA ◽  
PETER M. LANSDORP
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Divisions ◽  
Cell Divisions

scholarly journals Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration-Enhancing Factors in the Secretome of Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Witchayaporn Kamprom ◽  
Pakpoom Kheolamai ◽  
Yaowalak U-Pratya ◽  
Aungkura Supokawej ◽  
Methichit Wattanapanitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Enhancing Factor ◽  
Enhance Cell Survival

Therapeutic potentials of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) depend largely on their ability to secrete cytokines or factors that modulate immune response, enhance cell survival, and induce neovascularization in the target tissues. We studied the secretome profile of gestational tissue-derived MSCs and their effects on functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), another angiogenic cell type that plays an important role during the neovascularization. MSCs derived from placental tissues (PL-MSCs) significantly enhanced EPC migration while BM-MSCs, which are the standard source of MSCs for various clinical applications, did not. By using protein fractionation and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified several novel candidates for EPC migration enhancing factor in PL-MSCs secretome that could be used to enhance neovascularization in the injured/ischemic tissues. We recommend that the strategy developed in our study could be used to systematically identify therapeutically useful molecules in the secretomes of other MSC sources for the clinical applications.

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