scholarly journals Isolate Actinomycetes SA32 Origin of Segara Anakan Mangrove Rhizosphere and its Capability in Inhibiting Multi-Drugs Resistant Bacteria Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Ryandini ◽  
Ocky K Radjasa ◽  
Oedjijono
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria Growth

scholarly journals Homeopathy: a possible weapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (47) ◽  
pp. 114-114
Author(s):  
Tânia Aguiar Passeti ◽  
Ana Paula Macedo Souza ◽  
Leandro Ribeiro Bissoli ◽  
Registila Libania Beltrame ◽  
Cidélia Paula Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Bacteria Resistance

Background: The antimicrobial resistance is a genetic phenomenon, related to the existence of the gens restrained in microorganism that codify different biochemical mechanisms that obstruct the drugs actions. Some species present resistance widespread in all over the world, like the case of Staphylococcus aureus. This is one of the main bacteria that, in a period of time, has got multiple resistance against the antibiotics, and it’s also, an important agent causative of the nosocomiais infections. The present report evaluated the action of the different homeopathic medicines about the growth of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) “in vitro”. Methods: Doses of 150, 250 and 350 µL of the homeopathic medicines Silicea, Hepar sulfor, Belladona, Arnica montana, Mercurio solubilis and nosode of Stafilococcus aureus, in the dynamism 6cH, 12cH e 30cH had been placed in 3mL culture liquid Mueller Hinton. It was added to this blend 10 µL of a diluted bacterial solution 1/10, where of the solution in 0,5 of the Macfarley scale in 37°C, the growth in the tubes was evaluated in Spectrophotometric of 600 nm. Results: The results demonstrated that, for the Staphilococcus aureus, we have got significant bacteria inhibition in about 70 to 90% of the growth “in vitro”, provided by the homeopathic medicines Hepar sulfor in the dynamism of 30cH, Belladona in the dynamisms of 6cH and 30cH, in the Staphilococcus aureus nosode in the dynamisms 6cH and 30cH and Silicea in the dynamism of CH6, with regard to the control with alcohol 30%. The Staphilococcus aureus MRSA presented inhibition from 40% to 20% of the bacteria growth “in vitro” related to the control with alcohol 30%, with the same medicines used before. Conclusion: We can conclude that the homeopathic medicines have an inhibitory action in the bacteria growth, including in bacteria resistance to the antibiotics. This information can suggest that a concerted action of antibiotics and homeopathic medicines, could improve the action of the antibiotics in the bacteria causative of infections in the biological tissues.

scholarly journals Enhanced Antibacterial activity of eugenol loaded m-PEG/PCL nanoparticles in eliminating resistant bacteria from wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Shajari ◽  
Kobra Rostamizadeh ◽  
Reza Shapouri ◽  
Lobat Taghavi
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Nanoparticle Structure

Abstract In this study, eugenol loaded m-PEG/PCL nanoparticles were used to make better the anti-bacterial properties of eugenol in an attempt to eliminate the resistant bacteria. m-PEG/PCL copolymer was prepared by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone monomer in the vicinity of dry m-PEG and tin (II) octoate catalyst. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation procedure. The particle size and zeta potential of mPEG/PCL/eugenol were specified to be 157.23 ± 3.81 nm and − 6.95 ± 0.19 mv, respectively. The polymeric nanoparticle structure was identified by AFM, FT-IR, and DSC techniques. To evaluate and compare the anti-bacterial efficiency of m-PEG/PCL/eugenol and free eugenol, a turbidity assay was used in association with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Images of SEM were taken from bacteria before and after exposure to the mPEG/PCL/eugenol. Colony-forming unit per milliliter (CFU/ml) method was considered to follow the effect of mPEG/PCL/eugenol on bacteria growth rate in the original hospital wastewater. The results showed that m-PEG/PCL/eugenol nanoparticles at 40 µM concentration show the enormous antibacterial effect at 37°C. In original hospital wastewater, m-PEG/PCL/eugenol in the concentration of 0.125 µM at 25 ° C showed the greatest growth decrease of microbial total count.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in a Second level Hospital During a Two Year Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: determine the frequency of urinary tract infections associated with MDR bacteria, characteristics patients with such infections and the mortality rate associated in Hospital ISSSTECALI during 2015-2016. Design: Descriptive, observational, analytic, transversal Methods: We collected data from clinical files of each patient that had been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and had an uroculture of 10x105 CFU of bacteria with a multidrug-resistant profile. It included, gender, age, comorbidities, predisposing risk factors, obtained isolation, sensibility pattern, days of stay and proper technique of culture. We calculated frequencies and rates. Results: During January 2015- November 2016 a total of 2401 urocultures were solicited, we isolated bacteria in 123 of them (5.12%). 94 urocultures were included, 71% of the cultures were from women with a median age of 68.14 years; comorbidities: Hypertension (50%), diabetes (41.5%), chronic renal disease (14.9%), history of stroke and bed-rest. An average of 14.15 days of stay was calculated. They all had a urinary catheter. Of the total of urocultures obtained, 54 urocultures demonstrated bacteria growth with a MDR phenotype (attack rate: 0.43 cases/1000 discharges) Escherichia coli was isolated in 26 (48.14%) cultures; Pseudomona aeruginosa 7.4%; and Klebsiella pneumonia 5.5%; its mechanism of resistance was calculated according to the reported phenotype on the antimicrobiogram, demonstrating resistance to more than two family of antibiotics. A mortality rate of 21.3% was calculated of which the direct cause was related to the infective process (rate: 0.23 deaths/1000 discharges). Conclusion: the isolation of bacteria with a multidrug-resistant profile is not very common; however, they generate a high morbimortality index and a great weight in resources to our unit. Recommendations: reinforcement of programs that encourage rational use of antibiotics as well as the control of nosocomial infections should be employed in the hospital.

scholarly journals Inoculum effect of antimicrobial peptides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Loffredo ◽  
F. Savini ◽  
S. Bobone ◽  
B. Casciaro ◽  
H. Franzyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
Inoculum Effect

AbstractThe activity of many antibiotics depends on the initial density of cells used in bacteria growth inhibition assays. This phenomenon, termed the inoculum effect, can have important consequences for the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs, since bacterial loads vary by several orders of magnitude in clinically relevant infections. Antimicrobial peptides are a promising class of molecules to fight drug-resistant bacteria, since they act mainly by perturbing the cell membranes rather than by inhibiting intracellular targets. Here we report the first systematic characterization of the inoculum effect for this class of antibacterial compounds. Thirteen peptides (including all-D enantiomers) and peptidomimetics were analyzed by measuring minimum inhibitory concentration values, covering more than 7 orders of magnitude in inoculated cell density. In all cases, we observed a significant inoculum effect for cell densities above 5 × 104 cells/mL, while the active concentrations remained constant (within the micromolar range) for lower densities. In the case of membrane-active peptides, these data can be rationalized by considering a simple model, taking into account peptide-cell association and hypothesizing that a threshold number of cell-bound peptide molecules is required in order to cause a killing effect. The observed effects question the clinical utility of activity and selectivity determinations performed at a fixed, standardized cell density. A routine evaluation of the inoculum dependence of the activity of antimicrobial peptides and peptidomimetics should be considered.Significance statementBacterial drug resistance is a crucial threat to global health and antimicrobials with novel mechanisms of action are severely needed. Antimicrobial peptides are natural molecules that kill bacteria mostly by perturbing their membranes and represent promising compounds to fight resistant microbes. Their activity is normally tested under standardized conditions of bacterial density. However, the bacterial load in clinically relevant infections varies by many orders of magnitude. Here we showed that the minimum peptide concentration needed for bacterial killing can vary by more than 100 times with an increase in the density of cells in the initial inoculum of the assay (inoculum effect) These findings question utility of the presently used activity screening assays and our current understanding of antimicrobial peptides.

scholarly journals Caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides from Australian tree frog inhibit antibiotic-resistant bacteria growth in a murine skin infection model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Pingping Zhang ◽  
Liyin Xiao ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kuihai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractHost-defence caerin 1.9 peptide was originally isolated from skin secretion of Australian tree frog, and inhibits the growth of a wide range of bacteria in vitro. In this study, we demonstrated that caerin 1.9 shows high bioactivity against several bacteria strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter Baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Streptococcus hemolyiicus in vitro. Importantly, unlike antibiotic Tazocin, caerin 1.9 does not induce bacterial resistance after 30 rounds of in vitro culture. Moreover, caerin 1.1, another peptide of caerin family, has additive antibacterial effect when used together with caerin 1.9. Furthermore, caerin 1.1 and 1.9 prepared in the form of a temperature sensitive gel inhibit MRSA growth in skin bacterial infection model of two murine strains. These results indicate that caerin 1.1 and 1.9 may have the advantage than conventional antibiotics against bacterial infection of skin.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity Study of Chinese Medicine Madeng’ai

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenrong Tang ◽  
Yannan Zhao ◽  
Zaiqi Zhang ◽  
Huan Yue ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Bacteria Growth

Abstract Background Due to the overuse of antibiotics, many multidrug-resistant bacteria have emerged, which brings huge challenges to the clinical treatment of bacterial infections. New products for anti-infection are necessary. Methods Madeng’ai powder was added with Milli-Q water or LB culture and autoclaved to prepare medicine suspension at different concentration. Bacteria were cultured in LB with different concentration of Madeng’ai. and swab on LB agar plates to get minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Madeng’ai. Mice back was cut to make wound and MRSA/PAE suspension was injected in the wound area. Then swab with Madeng’ai extracts. Bacteria growth of infected secretions was checked on LB agar, and Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed for Histological analysis of skin tissues infected with bacteria after Madeng’ai and PBS (control) treatment. Results Madeng’ai could widely inhibit E.faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K.pneumoniae) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) at concentration of 4.0 mg/ml. The mice model also showed that Madeng’ai had imposed restrictions on MRSA and PAE growth in vivo. Conclusion Here, we report that a new Chinese medicine Madeng’ai has antimicrobial activity functions in vitro and in vivo. These data briefly showed that Madeng’ai functioned on antimicrobial and provided a new consideration for an antibiosis product.

scholarly journals Caerin 1.1 and 1.9 Peptides from Australian Tree Frog Inhibit Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Growth in a Murine Skin Infection Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Pingping Zhang ◽  
Liyin Xiao ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Kuihai Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Infection ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Short Peptides ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Tree Frog ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacteria Growth

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause severe problems in the clinic. We show in our paper that two short peptides isolated from an Australian frog and prepared in the form of a gel are able to inhibit the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mice, and, unlike antibiotics, these peptides do not lead to the development of peptide-resistant bacteria strains.

scholarly journals Potential Antibacterial Of Leaves And Flowers Bougenvillea (Bougenvilea Glabra)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Priyanto Dwi Nugroho ◽  
Faisal Ismail ◽  
Hana Relita
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Microdilution Method

High incidence of antibiotics resistant bacteria spurred researchers to obtain alternative antibacterial compounds. One source of potential antibacterial compounds i.e plants. Bougainvillea (Bougenvillea glabra) has been believed by the people of Indonesia to have medicinal properties, but its potential as an antibacterial has never been studied in Indonesia. The aims of this study were to determine the bioactive compounds ethanol extract of leaves and flowers of B. glabra as well as the minimum concentration of extract capable of inhibiting and killing bacteria growth. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was done used microdilution method and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) agar plate method. Ethanol extract of leaves and flowers of B. glabra possess antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria; Bacillus sp., S. aureus, Salmonella sp., E. coli, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. Salmonella, Bacillus sp., and S. aureus growth is most vulnerable (p<0.05). The antibacterial activity of leaf and flower extracts was not significantly different (p>0.05) against all test bacteria. Antibacterial potency of leaves and flowers B. glabra suspected of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids

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