Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Fruit Leaves Extracts on the Mycelial Growth of Fungal Plant Pathogens

The endophytic fungal assemblages associated with Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob. and Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. A total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera Bionectria , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Fusarium , Gibberella , Hypocrea , Lecythophora , Nigrospora , Plectosphaerella , and Trichoderma . The endophytic assemblages of S. sonchifolius presented a greater diversity than the group isolated from S. uvedalius and demonstrated the presence of dominant generalist fungi. Extracts of all fungi were screened against the fungal plant pathogens. Ten extracts (41.6%) displayed antifungal activities; some of them had a broad antifungal activity. The phylotypes Lecythophora sp. 1, Lecythophora sp. 2, and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from in vitro autotrophic cultures and displayed antifungal activity. The presence of bioactive endophytic fungi within S. sonchifolius and S. uvedalius suggests an ecological advantage against pathogenic attacks. This study revealed reduced numbers of endophytes in association with both Smallanthus species in controlled cultivation conditions compared with the endophytic communities of hosts collected in the wild environments. Even as reduced endophytic communities, these fungi continue to provide chemical protection for the host.

Download Full-text

Composition, Mosquito Larvicidal, Biting Deterrent and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Different Plant Parts of Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (‘Carolina Sapphire’)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1300800232 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abbas Ali ◽

Nurhayat Tabanca ◽

Betul Demirci ◽

K. Husnu Can Baser ◽

Jane Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Female Cone ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Cupressus Arizonica

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of female cones (FC), male cones (MC), needle-twigs (NT) and wood-bark (WB) of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ [Cupressus arizonica var glabra (Sudw.) Little] were analyzed simultaneously by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents of the investigated essential oils were as follows: FC: α-pinene 68.5% and myrcene 11.9%; MC: α-pinene 22.5%, epi- zonarene 9.9%, zonarene 6.9%, limonene 6.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 6.1%; NT: α-pinene 20.7%, epi-zonarene 10.4%, zonarene 7.6%, limonene 5.9% umbellulone 5.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 5.8%; WB: α-pinene 40.7%, limonene 3.2% and umbellulone 2.9%. Essential oils were evaluated for antifungal activity against the strawberry anthracnose causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Only WB essential oil showed moderate activity when compared with the commercial antifungal standards. Carolina Sapphire essential oils exhibited biting deterrent activity at 10 pg/cm2 with Biting Deterrence Index (BDI) values of 0.64, 0.59, 0.65 and 0.72, for FC, MC, NT and WB, respectively, and were significantly lower (P≤0.05) than the synthetic insect repellent, DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), at 25 nmol/cm2 against Aedes aegypti. The biting deterrence of NT and WB oils at 100 μg/cm2 with BDI values of 1.04 and 1.01, respectively, were similar, whereas the activity of MC (BDI=0.88) and FC (BDI=0.62) essential oils was lower than DEET at 25 nmol/cm2. Essential oil from FC with LD50 of 33.7 ppm was most toxic against 1-day-old Ae. aegypti larvae at 24-h post treatment. Female cone essential oil was significantly more toxic than MC (LD50=53.6 ppm), NT (LD50=55.5 ppm) and WB (LD50=44.6 ppm) essential oils.

Download Full-text

Douglas-fir root-associated microorganisms with inhibitory activity towards fungal plant pathogens and human bacterial pathogens

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m96-094 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 42 (7) ◽

pp. 690-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Paige E. Axelrood ◽

Alison M. Clarke ◽

Reed Radley ◽

S. Janet V. Zemcov

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

Microbial Culture ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Forest Sites

A microbial culture collection composed of 1820 bacterial strains, including 298 actinomycete strains, was established from the roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings harvested from conifer nurseries and forest sites. Two hundred and thirty-four strains inhibited the growth of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, and (or) Pythium spp. in in vitro assays. A significantly greater proportion of bacterial strains from actinomycete genera exhibited antifungal properties compared with bacterial strains from nonactinomycete genera. Eighty-nine percent of identified inhibitory strains were Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, or Burkholderia species. The actinomycete species were isolated almost exclusively from forest seedlings. Recovery of inhibitory strains representing 29 microbial species was enhanced using a variety of methods to isolate microorganisms from the roots of seedlings from nursery and forest sites. Bacterial strains (including actinomycete strains) with antifungal activity were tested for in vitro growth inhibition of six clinical human bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Forty-eight percent of the tested strains inhibited one or more human pathogens. Inhibitory activity towards fungal and bacterial pathogens was strain specific, not species specific, and many inhibitory strains exhibited broad-spectrum activity. Strains with antifungal activity against several conifer root pathogens were also more likely to inhibit multiple species of clinical bacterial pathogens.Key words: in vitro, antimicrobial, conifer rhizosphere.

Download Full-text

Antifungal activity of recombinant thanatin in comparison with two plant extracts and a chemical mixture to control fungal plant pathogens

AMB Express ◽

10.1186/s13568-018-0710-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mojtaba Mamarabadi ◽

Abbas Tanhaeian ◽

Younes Ramezany

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Chemical Mixture ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens

Download Full-text

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF Randia nitida LEAVES ON SOYBEAN PATHOGENS AND THEIR PHYTOCHEMISTRY

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n309rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 594-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

STHEFANY CAROLINE BEZERRA DA CRUZ-SILVA ◽

ROSEMARY MATIAS ◽

JOSÉ ANTONIO MAIOR BONO ◽

KAREN SILVA SANTOS ◽

JULIANE LUDWIG

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Major Chemical ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol extract and fractions of leaves of Randia nitida (Kunth) DC on Colletotrichum truncatum (Schw.) Andrus & Moore, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary and perform chemical and antioxidant activity tests. Crude methanol extract (EBM) and fractions (hexane = FHX, dichloromethane = FDM and ethyl acetate = FAE) underwent classical phytochemical analysis and determination of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Samples were individually incorporated into PDA culture mediums (potato-dextrose-agar) at concentrations of 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µg mL-1 of extract or fraction. Mycelial growth was evaluated when control reached the edge of the plate. Phytochemical results indicated that flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoids are the major chemical constituents in both EBM and fractions. Total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were higher for FAE and EBM, followed by FDM and FHX; however, the latter showed higher content of steroids and triterpenoids compared to the other fractions. For C. truncatum, R. solani and S. sclerotiorum, the most efficient fractions were respectively FAE, FDM and FHX, all of them in the highest concentration (160 µg mL-1). The highest inhibition rate was observed against S. sclerotiorum, reaching 93.75%. We concluded that all fractions have antifungal activity on the plant pathogens, being FHX the most active against S. sclerotiorum, which might have been due to the presence of steroids and triterpenes.

Download Full-text

Streptomyces sp.VSMGT1014-Mediated Antifungal Activity Against Fungal Plant Pathogens

Prospects in Bioscience: Addressing the Issues ◽

10.1007/978-81-322-0810-5_39 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 335-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Harikrishnan ◽

V. Shanmugaiah

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens

Download Full-text

Growth-inhibiting activity of citronella essential oil to multiple fungal plant pathogens

10.1101/860718 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Angelo O. Balendres ◽

Fe M. Dela Cueva

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Germ Tube ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Germ Tube Elongation

AbstractCymbopogon species are among the most reported essential oils with fungitoxic effect. In this study, mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum (banana wilt), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (mango anthracnose), C. falcatum (sugarcane red rot) and Neopestalotiopsis spp. (mango leaf spot) as influenced by varying concentrations of citronella essential oil (CEO) was assessed in in vitro assays. Following growth inhibition test, spore germination and germ tube elongation of C. gloeosporioides were then examined. Mycelial growth of all test fungal pathogens was strongly inhibited by CEO, but variations were observed among fungal species. This growth inhibition activity was caused by the inhibition of spore germination and germ tube elongation as observed in C. gloeosporioides. The findings of this study show the strong growth-inhibitory activity of CEO to multiple fungal pathogens, indicating CEO’s potential as a chemical control approach against these fungal pathogens. Glasshouse and field experiments would establish CEO as one potential alternative to fungicides.

Download Full-text

Étude Phytochimique et activité antifongique d'extraits de quelques Euphorbiaceae médicinales utilisées chez les Baoulé du District de Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire)

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n30p256 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (30) ◽

pp. 256

Author(s):

Saraka Allou Isidore ◽

Abo Kouabenan ◽

Coulibaly Kiyinlma ◽

Zirihi Guédé Noël

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Côte D'ivoire ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Fusarium Sp

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the District of Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire) in order to evaluate the biocontrol potential against fungal plant pathogens, of Euphorbiaceous plants used as medicines by the native population. Twelve (12) species were collected. The antifungal activity was assessed using the two-fold dilution method on PDA medium with ethanolic and aqueous extract derived from leaves of six plants. Results pointed out that only 70% ethanolic extracts from Alchornea cordifolia (EE13) possess fungicidal properties on both Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp. The antifungal activities are more effective with ethanolic extracts than aqueous extracts. With a minimal inhibitory concentration MIC = 25±0.0 mg/ml, a minimal concentration for 50% of inhibition IC50 = 10±0.05 mg/ml and a minimal fungicide concentration MFC = 200±0.0 mg/ml Fusarium sp. appears to be the most sensitive. Phytophthora sp. is less sensitive with a MIC = 50±0.0 mg/ml, an IC50 = 12±0.05 mg/ml and a MFC = 200±0.0 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of seven major groups of compounds among which saponins and catechin are the most abundant in aqueous extracts. Polyphenols, flavonoids, polyterpenes and sterols as well as tannins are present in both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia. These compounds could justify its antifungal activity and traditional use.

Download Full-text

Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Senna occidentalis for Identification of Natural Antifungal Constituents Against Macrophomina phaseolina

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Author(s):

A. JAVAID ◽

H. QUDSIA ◽

A. SHOAIB

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽

Benzenedicarboxylic Acid

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. In the present study, different aerial parts of Senna occidentalis were analyzed for their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In initial screening bioassays, 0.5-3.0% concentrations of methanolic extracts of fruit, leaf and stem were tested against M. phaseolina. The methanolic leaf extract showed the greatest activity causing up to 29% suppression in biomass production of M. phaseolina. Fractionation of leaf extract of S. occidentalis was carried out with four organic solvents. Bioassays with a range of concentrations (2.34-150 mg mL-1) of these sub-fractions revealed that the chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective, causing 93-98% reduction in the biomass of M. phaseolina, followed by 59-92% suppression in fungal biomass due to the n-hexane sub-fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol sub-fractions were only effective at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis of chloroform sub-fraction was performed to identify different compounds. Six compounds were identified in this fraction; 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester was the predominant compound (53.55%) followed by 9,10-dimethyltricyclo[4.2.1.1 (2,5)]decane-9,10-diol (22.68%), cyclohexanol, and 2-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-5-methyl (9.87%).

Download Full-text