Root Phenomics-New Windows to Understand Plant Performance and Increase Crop Productivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Gomez Selvaraj ◽  
Satoshi Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance

scholarly journals Quantifying the efficiency of photoprotection

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1730) ◽  
pp. 20160393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Ruban
Keyword(s):  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modulated Chlorophyll Fluorescence

A novel emerging technology for the assessment of the photoprotective ‘power’ of non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) has been reviewed and its insightful outcomes are explained using several examples. The principles of the method are described in detail as well as the work undertaken for its justification. This pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorescence approach has been applied for the past 5 years to quantify the photoprotective effectiveness of the NPQ and the light tolerance in Arabidopsis plants grown under various light conditions, during ontogenetic development as well as in a range of mutants impaired in carotenoid and protein biosynthesis. The future applications of this approach for the assessment of crop plant light tolerance are outlined. The perspective of obtaining detailed information about how the extent of photoinhibition and photoprotection can affect plant development, growth and productivity is highlighted, including the potential for us to predict the influence of environmental elements on plant performance and yield of crops. The novel methodology can be used to build up comprehensive light tolerance databases for various current and emerging varieties of crops that are grown outdoors as well as in artificial light environments, in order to optimize for the best environmental conditions that enable high crop productivity. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.

scholarly journals Root growth responses to mechanical impedance are regulated by a network of ROS, ethylene and auxin signalling in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy G.R. Jacobsen ◽  
Jian Xu ◽  
Jennifer F. Topping ◽  
Keith Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
List Type ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Auxin Signalling

SummaryThe growth and development of root systems, essential for plant performance, is influenced by mechanical properties of the substrate in which the plants grow. Mechanical impedance, such as by compacted soil, can reduce root elongation and limit crop productivity.To understand better the mechanisms involved in plant root responses to mechanical impedance stress, we investigated changes in the root transcriptome and hormone signalling responses of Arabidopsis to artificial root barrier systems in vitro.We demonstrate that upon encountering a barrier, reduced Arabidopsis root growth and the characteristic ‘step-like’ growth pattern is due to a reduction in cell elongation associated with changes in signalling gene expression. Data from RNA-sequencing combined with reporter line and mutant studies identified essential roles for reactive oxygen species, ethylene and auxin signalling during the barrier response.We propose a model in which early responses to mechanical impedance include reactive oxygen signalling that is followed by integrated auxin and ethylene responses to mediate root growth changes. Inhibition of ethylene responses allows improved growth in response to root impedance, a result that may inform future crop breeding programmes.

scholarly journals The Critical Role of Zinc in Plants Facing the Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umair Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Aamer ◽  
Muhammad Umer Chattha ◽  
Tang Haiying ◽  
Babar Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Crop Resistance

Drought stress affects plant growth and development by altering physiological and biochemical processes resulting in reduced crop productivity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient that plays fundamental roles in crop resistance against the drought stress by regulating various physiological and molecular mechanisms. Under drought stress, Zn application improves seed germination, plant water relations, cell membrane stability, osmolyte accumulation, stomatal regulation, water use efficiency and photosynthesis, thus resulting in significantly better plant performance. Moreover, Zn interacts with plant hormones, increases the expression of stress proteins and stimulates the antioxidant enzymes for counteracting drought effects. To better appraise the potential benefits arising from optimum Zn nutrition, in the present review we discuss the role of Zn in plants under drought stress. Our aim is to provide a complete, updated picture in order to orientate future research directions on this topic.

scholarly journals Non-linear phenotypic variation uncovers the emergence of heterosis inArabidopsis thaliana

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Vasseur ◽  
Louise Fouqueau ◽  
Dominique de Vienne ◽  
Thibault Nidelet ◽  
Cyrille Violle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Geometric Approach ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Additive Inheritance

AbstractHeterosis describes the phenotypic superiority of hybrids over their parents in traits related to fitness. Understanding and predicting non-additive inheritance such as heterosis is crucial for evolutionary biology, as well as for plant and animal breeding. However, the physiological bases of heterosis remain debated. Moreover, empirical data in various species have shown that diverse genetic and molecular mechanisms are likely to explain heterosis, making it difficult to predict its emergence and amplitude from parental genotypes alone. In this study, we evaluated a model of physiological dominance proposed by Sewall Wright to explain the non-additive inheritance of metabolic fluxes at the cellular level. We used 450 hybrids derived from crosses among natural inbred accessions ofArabidopsis thalianato test Wright’s model for two fitness-related traits at the whole-plant level: growth rate and fruit number. We found that allometric relationships between traits constrain phenotypic variation in hybrids and inbreds to a similar extent. These allometric relationships behave predictably, in a non-linear manner, explaining up to 75% of heterosis amplitude, while genetic distance among parents at best explains 7%. Thus, our findings are consistent with Wright’s model of physiological dominance on plant performance, and suggest that the emergence of heterosis is an intrinsic property of non-linear relationships between traits. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential of a geometric approach of phenotypic relationships for predicting heterosis of two major components of crop productivity and yield.

scholarly journals Seed priming of plants aiding in drought stress tolerance and faster recovery: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Raj Aswathi ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Jos T. Puthur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

AbstractDrought stress exposure adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Various seed priming techniques are experimented to mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress on plant performance. It is a low-cost and sustainable technology that proved to be of immense potential to enhance drought tolerance and increase crop productivity. Drought episodes are followed by recovery through rain or irrigation and help the plants to recuperate from the damages caused by drought stress. The severity of drought-associated damages determines the recovery kinetics of plants. Under the recurrent cycle of drought events, recovery kinetics has immense importance in predicting the stress tolerance potential and survival status of a plant. Many processes like DNA damage repair, de-novo synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of osmolytes, the potential activity of antioxidant machinery occurring during seed priming play a significant role during recovery from drought stress. Alleviation of the severity of drought stress through the accumulation of osmolytes, the augmented activity of antioxidant machinery, improved photosynthetic performance, and the upregulated expression of stress-responsive genes attributed by seed priming will complement the recovery from drought stress. Although the beneficial effects of seed priming on drought tolerance are well explored, priming influenced recovery mechanism has not been well explored. There is a lacuna in the field of research related to the beneficial effects of seed priming for recovery from drought stress, and that is the focus of this paper.

scholarly journals Grafting Affects Growth, Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Partitioning Under Cadmium Stress in Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Menahem Edelstein ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Emanuela Ferri ◽  
Giuseppe Colla
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Black Beauty

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of long-term cadmium (Cd) exposure (0, 25, or 50 µm of Cd) on crop productivity, fruit quality, leaf chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and mineral composition in plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Ikram), either nongrafted, self-grafted, or grafted onto rootstocks of tomato (Maxifort or Unifort) and eggplant (Black Beauty). Both moderate (25 µm) and high (50 µm) concentration of Cd in root environment considerably decreased the fruit yield and fruit number in response to Cd levels, whereas mean fruit weight decreased but was similar to both Cd supply levels. The fruit yield, shoot and root biomass, and leaf area (LA) were higher in plants grafted onto tomato rootstocks and especially onto Maxifort in comparison with nongrafted or self-grafted plants and especially grafted onto Black Beauty. The higher plant performance of tomato rootstock–grafted plants were related to higher chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments concentration in leaves associated with better nutrient translocation and availability (higher Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Cu) in leaves. The content of Cd was also lower in leaves and fruits of Maxifort-grafted plants. Concerning fruit quality, especially peel color, toxicity symptoms, and Cd concentration, Black Beauty followed by Maxifort-grafted plants were better than the other grafting combinations. However, plants grafted onto Black Beauty rootstock resulted in lowest fruit yield and plant growth attributes due to lower nutrient uptake and translocation indicating some incompatibility reaction between Black Beauty rootstock and Ikram scion.

Effect of planting time on the performance of broccoli under Mizoram conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Donnie Lalfakzuala Kawlni ◽  
Chhungpuii Khawlhring
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Production ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cultural Requirements

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a popular vegetable crop, has one of the most exacting climatic and cultural requirements, which limit its commercial production to a few favored locations. A field experiment was conducted at Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram during winter of 2013/2014 to find out the effect of time of sowing on plant performance and yield of broccoli. Six sowing time was done viz. 17 October (T1), 24 October (T2), 31 October (T3), 7 November (T4), 14 November (T5) and 21 November (T6) with plant spacing of 45cm x 45cm. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the planting time. Highest average weight of marketable curd per plant (199.20 g) was obtained from T2, whereas lowest average weight obtained from T6 (75 g). The influence of planting time also showed significant difference on the calculated yield (tonnes per hectare) of broccoli, in which T2 showed highest marketable yield of 9.83 t/ha.

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