Combined Effects of Leucas aspera, Oxy-Cyclodextrin and Bentonite on the Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and the Expression of Immune-Related Gene in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Amitha Kurian ◽  
Sreeja Lakshmi ◽  
Femi John Fawole ◽  
Caterina Faggio ◽  
Preetham Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Immune Related Genes

This study investigated the effects of a combination of Leucas aspera, Oxy-cyclodextrin and sodium bentonite (LOB) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response, haematology, and expression of immune-related genes in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 juvenile fish (20.15±0.05g) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups in triplicate and fed respective diets containing a graded level of LOB at 0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.3 g kg-1 (T1), 0.6 g kg-1 (T2) and 0.9 g kg-1 diet (T3) for 60 days. After 60 days, higher growth was observed in fish fed T2 diet (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities and innate immune parameters were significantly higher in T3 group. Some of the haematological parameters reported statistically higher counts in T2 group (P<0.05), whereas erythrocyte indices and WBC counts were significantly higher in T3 group. Liver- kidney activities were recorded low in T3 group. Urea and creatinine were higher in control group, whereas T2 group recorded the least value. The highest relative expression of IL-1β, IgM-heavy chain, TGF-β and IFN-γ were recorded in T2 group, but TNF-α was upregulated in T3 group. The results showed that 0.6 - 0.9 g kg1 of LOB is recommended for inclusion in diet.

scholarly journals Orally administered β-glucan improves the hemolytic activity of the complement system in horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-840
Author(s):  
Taline Scalco Picetti ◽  
Lucas de Figueiredo Soveral ◽  
Rovian Miotto ◽  
Luana Marina Scheer Erpen ◽  
Yasmin Kreutz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Classical Pathway ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
The Complement System

Background and Aim: Immune-modulating molecules mainly act on innate immune cells, which are central to early defense against invading pathogens and contribute to developing adaptive immunity. Yeast-extracted β-glucan, a model immune-modulating molecule, is widely used in several animal species; however, its effect on horse immune parameters has not been thoroughly investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of orally administered β-glucan on selected innate immune parameters in horses. Materials and Methods: Eighteen thoroughbred horses were assigned equally into three groups as follows: One control group (no β-glucan) and two β-glucan experimental groups (one received 125 mg and the other 2 g of β-glucan per day for 28 days). Blood samples were collected before and at the end of the experiment for hematological analysis, whole blood phagocytosis, respiratory burst assays, and to assess the serum lysozyme and complement hemolytic activities. Results: At the end of the experiment, significant decreases (p<0.05) in monocyte numbers were observed in the control horses (258.8±45.9 vs. 115.3±41.5) and in those fed 125 mg/day of β-glucan (208.8±72.3 vs. 99.2±60.7), whereas a significant increase in numbers was noted in the horses that were fed 2 g/day of β-glucan (303.5±45.8 vs. 429.8±86.0; p<0.05). The natural hemolytic activity of the complement was higher only in horses fed 2 g/day of β-glucan (p=0.018) compared to the other groups. The hemolytic activity in the classical pathway was higher in those fed 125 mg/day (p=0.0035) and 2 g/day of β-glucan (p=0.0001). Conclusion: β-glucan improves important innate immune parameters and might be fed to horses before stressful events.

Dietary butyric acid improved growth, digestive enzyme activities and humoral immune parameters in Barramundi ( Lates calcarifer )

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Aalamifar ◽  
Siyavash Soltanian ◽  
Arya Vazirzadeh ◽  
Mostafa Akhlaghi ◽  
Vahid Morshedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

scholarly journals Gut and immune effects of bioactive milk factors in preterm pigs exposed to prenatal inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (1) ◽  
pp. G67-G77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqiang Ren ◽  
Yan Hui ◽  
Sandra Goericke-Pesch ◽  
Stanislava Pankratova ◽  
Witold Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Prenatal Inflammation ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Prenatal inflammation may predispose to preterm birth and postnatal inflammatory disorders such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Bioactive milk ingredients may help to support gut maturation in such neonates, but mother’s milk is often insufficient after preterm birth. We hypothesized that supplementation with bioactive ingredients from bovine milk [osteopontin (OPN), caseinoglycomacropeptide (CGMP), colostrum (COL)] supports gut, immunity, and NEC resistance in neonates born preterm after gram-negative infection before birth. Using preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants, fetal pigs were given intraamniotic injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 mg/fetus) and delivered 3 days later (90% gestation). For 5 days, groups of LPS-exposed pigs were fed formula (FOR), bovine colostrum (COL), or formula enriched with OPN or CGMP. LPS induced intraamniotic inflammation and postnatal systemic inflammation but limited effects on postnatal gut parameters and NEC. Relative to FOR, COL feeding to LPS-exposed pigs showed less diarrhea, NEC severity, reduced gut IL-1β and IL-8 levels, greater gut goblet cell density and digestive enzyme activities, and blood helper T-cell fraction. CGMP improved neonatal arousal and gut lactase activities and reduced LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in vitro. Finally, OPN tended to reduce diarrhea and stimulated IEC proliferation in vitro. No effects on villus morphology, circulating cytokines, or colonic microbiota were observed among groups. In conclusion, bioactive milk ingredients exerted only modest effects on gut and systemic immune parameters in preterm pigs exposed to prenatal inflammation. Short-term, prenatal exposure to inflammation may render the gut less sensitive to immune-modulatory milk effects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prenatal inflammation is a risk factor for preterm birth and postnatal complications including infections. However, from clinical studies, it is difficult to separate the effects of only prenatal inflammation from preterm birth. Using cesarean-delivered preterm pigs with prenatal inflammation, we documented some beneficial gut effects of bioactive milk diets relative to formula, but prenatal inflammation appeared to decrease the sensitivity of enteral feeding. Special treatments and diets may be required for this neonatal population.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Responses of Skin Mucosa in Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Fed a Diet Supplemented with Galactooligosaccharides

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Jan Mazurkiewicz ◽  
Anna Slawinska
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skin Mucosa

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are well-known immunomodulatory prebiotics. We hypothesize that GOS supplemented in feed modulates innate immune responses in the skin-associated lymphoid tissue (SALT) of common carp. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of GOS on mRNA expression of the immune-related genes in skin mucosa. During the feeding trial, the juvenile fish (bodyweight 180 ± 5 g) were fed two types of diet for 50 days: control and supplemented with 2% GOS. At the end of the trial, a subset of fish was euthanized (n = 8). Skin mucosa was collected, and RNA was extracted. Gene expression analysis was performed with RT-qPCR to determine the mRNA abundance of the genes associated with innate immune responses in SALT, i.e., acute-phase protein (CRP), antimicrobial proteins (His2Av and GGGT5L), cytokines (IL1β, IL4, IL8, IL10, and IFNγ), lectin (CLEC4M), lyzosymes (LyzC and LyzG), mucin (M5ACL), peroxidase (MPO), proteases (CTSB and CTSD), and oxidoreductase (TXNL). The geometric mean of 40s s11 and ACTB was used to normalize the data. Relative quantification of the gene expression was calculated with ∆∆Ct. GOS upregulated INFγ (p ≤ 0.05) and LyzG (p ≤ 0.05), and downregulated CRP (p ≤ 0.01). We conclude that GOS modulates innate immune responses in the skin mucosa of common carp.

Psychrobacter sp. 17-1 enhances growth and survival in early postlarvae of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 1467-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Franco ◽  
A. Arenal ◽  
L. Martín ◽  
Y. Martínez ◽  
D. Santiesteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effects of Psychrobacter sp., isolated from the gut of shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931, on growth, digestive enzyme activities, total protein content, osmotic stress resistance, immunity and disease resistance of postlarvae were investigated. For enzymatic activities assays whole postlarvae were homogenized. Shrimp subjected to Psychrobacter sp. treatment showed higher weight (40%) and length (5.6%) than that observed in untreated animals. Compared to the untreated control group, levels of protease and amylase activities in postlarvae, were higher in the probiotic group. Postlarvae treated with Psychrobacter sp. showed significantly increase in the survival compared to the untreated ones after osmotic stress. Nitric oxide metabolite levels and the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase from treated postlarvae were significantly higher than untreated postlarvae. Increased survival was also found after challenge with Aeromonas sp. This is the first study that demonstrates the probiotic effect of Psychrobacter sp. in P. vannamei postlarvae.

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