scholarly journals Appropriateness of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban Prescribing for Hospital Inpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Unnum Chowdhry ◽  
Amanda Jacques ◽  
Alan Karovitch ◽  
Pierre Giguère ◽  
My-Linh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Fonction Rénale

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent approval of the new oral anticoagulants dabigatran and rivaroxaban has led to rapid changes in anticoagulant prescribing practices. Postmarketing reports have highlighted safety concerns with these agents, and their use outside of evidence-based recommendations was noted at the authors’ centre.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the incidence of and risk factors associated with inappropriate prescribing of dabigatran and rivaroxaban.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong>This retrospective cohort study investigated randomly selected dabigatran or rivaroxaban prescriptions for patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2010 and December 2012. Appropriateness of prescribing was determined from the documented indication, drug dosage, patient’s renal function, and presence of drug interactions, if applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among a total of 321 medication orders reviewed, the incidence of inappropriate use was 31.2% (34/109) for dabigatran and 26.9% (57/212) for rivaroxaban. Of the 97 reasons for inappropriate use that were identified, the most common were prescribing for an unapproved indication (49/97 [50.5%]), concomitant prescribing of another anti -coagulant (22/97 [22.7%]), and high prescribed dose (9/97 [9.3%]). The prescribing service was found to be an independent risk factor for inappropriate prescribing (<em>p </em>= 0.041). Corrections were made to 23.1% (21/91) of the incorrect regimens before hospital discharge. In a sensitivity analysis using calculated ideal body weight to estimate renal function, the overall incidence of inappropriate prescribing increased to 31.5% (101/321).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proportion of patients with inappropriate prescribing of dabigatran or rivaroxaban in clinical practice was higher than expected. Educational interventions and pharmacy-led initiatives with a focus on appropriate indications, concomitant anticoagulant prescribing, and review of dosage regimens are recommended to improve patient safety.</p><p><strong>RÉSUMÉ</strong></p><p><strong>Contexte : </strong>La récente approbation de deux nouveaux anticoagulants oraux, le dabigatran et le rivaroxaban, a mené à de rapides changements dans les habitudes de prescription pour l’anticoagulothérapie. Des rapports de pharmacovigilance ont relevé des risques pour la santé relativement à ces agents. De plus, on a noté au centre où travaillent les auteurs que ces médicaments n’étaient pas toujours utilisés selon les recommandations fondées sur des données probantes.</p><p><strong>Objectifs : </strong>Déterminer quelle est l’incidence des prescriptions inadéquates de dabigatran et de rivaroxaban et quels sont les facteurs de risque qui y sont associés.</p><p><strong>Méthodes : </strong>La présente étude de cohorte rétrospective a examiné des ordonnances choisies au hasard de dabigatran ou de rivaroxaban, lesquelles étaient destinées à des patients admis dans un hôpital universitaire de soins tertiaires entre janvier 2010 et décembre 2012. La pertinence des prescriptions était établie à l’aide des informations consignées sur l’indication, la posologie, la fonction rénale du patient et la presence d’interactions médicamenteuses, le cas échéant.</p><p><strong>Résultats : </strong>Parmi l’ensemble des 321 ordonnances analysées, l’incidence d’utilisation inadéquate était de 31,2 % (34/109) pour le dabigatran et de 26,9 % (57/212) pour le rivaroxaban. Des 97 raisons d’utilisation ina- déquate qui ont été recensées, les plus fréquentes étaient : la prescription pour une indication non approuvée (49/97 [50,5 %]), la prescription concomitante d’un autre anticoagulant (22/97 [22,7 %]) et la prescription d’une dose élevée (9/97 [9,3 %]). Le service auquel appartenait le prescripteur s’est révélé être un facteur de risque indépendant de prescription inadéquate (<em>p </em>= 0.041). Des corrections ont été apportées à 23,1 % (21/91) des schémas erronés avant que le congé ne soit donné. Dans une analyse de sensibilité qui s’appuyait sur le calcul du poids idéal pour estimer la fonction rénale, le taux global d’incidence de prescription inadéquate augmentait à 31,5 % (101/321).</p><p><strong>Conclusions : </strong>La proportion de patients pour qui la prescription de dabigatran ou de rivaroxaban était inadéquate dans la pratique Clinique était plus élevée que prévu. Afin d’améliorer la sécurité des patients, on recommande l’adoption d’interventions éducatives et d’initiatives dirigées par les services de pharmacie qui porteront sur les indications adéquates, la prescription concomitante d’anticoagulants et la révision des schémas posologiques.</p>

Medication incidents and pharmacist interventions in relation to directly acting oral anticoagulants in hospital settings: evaluation using Reason’s Accident Causation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazera Haque ◽  
Abdulrhman Alrowily ◽  
Zahraa Jalal ◽  
Bijal Tailor ◽  
Vicky Efue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Improve Patient Safety ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Patient Discharge ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Pharmacist Interventions ◽  
Wrong Drug ◽  
Accident Causation ◽  
Wrong Dose ◽  
Medication Incidents

Abstract BackgroundDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have revolutionised anticoagulant pharmacotherapy. However DOACs medication incidents are known to be common.ObjectiveTo assess medication incidents associated with DOACs using an error theory and to analyse pharmacists’ contributions in minimising medication incidents in secondary care settings.SettingA large University tertiary academic hospital in the West Midlands of England.MethodsMedication incident data from the incident reporting system (48-months period) and pharmacist interventions data from the prescribing system (26-month period) were extracted. Reason’s Accident Causation Model was used to identify potential causality of the incidents. Pharmacists’ intervention data was thematically analysed.Main outcome measure(a) Frequency, type and potential causality of DOACs incidents, (b) Nature of pharmacists’ interventions.ResultsA total of 812 DOACs reports were included in the study (124 medication incidents and 688 intervention reports). Missing drug/omission was the most common incident type (26.6%,n = 33) followed by wrong drug (16.1%,n = 20) and wrong dose/strength (11.3%,n = 14). A high majority (89.5%,n = 111) of medication incidents were caused by active failures. Patient discharge without anticoagulation supply and failure to restart DOACs post procedure/scan were commonly recurring themes. The majority of (38.1%,n = 262) the pharmacist interventions were related to pharmacological strategy (i.e., drug or dose changes or discontinuation). Impaired renal function was the most common reason for dose adjustments.ConclusionPrescribers’ active failure rather than system errors (i.e. latent failures) are contributing to DOACs incidents. Rreinforcement of guideline adherence, prescriber education, harnessing pharmacists’ roles and mandating renal function information in prescriptions are likely to improve patient safety.

scholarly journals Pattern of inappropriate antibiotic use among hospitalized patients in Pakistan: a longitudinal surveillance and implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zikria Saleem ◽  
Hamid Saeed ◽  
Mohamed Azmi Hassali ◽  
Brian Godman ◽  
Usama Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Appropriate Antimicrobial Use

Abstract Background The inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitals increases resistance, morbidity, and mortality. Little is currently known about appropriate antibiotic use among hospitals in Lahore, the capital city of Pakistan. Methods Longitudinal surveillance was conducted over a period of 2 months among hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Antibiotic treatment was considered inappropriate on the basis of a wrong dosage regimen, wrong indication, or both based on the British National Formulary. Results A total of 2022 antibiotics were given to 1185 patients. Out of the total prescribed, approximately two-thirds of the study population (70.3%) had at least one inappropriate antimicrobial. Overall, 27.2% of patients had respiratory tract infections, and out of these, 62.8% were considered as having inappropriate therapy. Cephalosporins were extensively prescribed among patients, and in many cases, this was inappropriate (67.2%). Penicillins were given to 283 patients, out of which 201 (71.0%) were prescribed for either the wrong indication or dosage or both. Significant variations were also observed regarding inappropriate prescribing for several antimicrobials including the carbapenems (70.9%), aminoglycosides (35.8%), fluoroquinolones (64.2%), macrolides (74.6%) and other antibacterials (73.1%). Conclusion Educational interventions, institutional guidelines, and antimicrobial stewardship programs need to be developed to enhance future appropriate antimicrobial use in hospitals in Pakistan. Policies by healthcare and Government officials are also needed to minimize inappropriate antibiotic use.

Inappropriate outpatient antibiotic use in children insured by Kentucky Medicaid

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bethany A. Wattles ◽  
Kahir S. Jawad ◽  
Yana Feygin ◽  
Maiying Kong ◽  
Navjyot K. Vidwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Claims Data ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Pharmacy Claims ◽  
Medicaid Children

Abstract Objective: To describe risk factors associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to children. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescribing to children, using Kentucky Medicaid medical and pharmacy claims data, 2017. Participants: Population-based sample of pediatric Medicaid patients and providers. Methods: Antibiotic prescriptions were identified from pharmacy claims and used to describe patient and provider characteristics. Associated medical claims were identified and linked to assign diagnoses. An existing classification scheme was applied to determine appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions. Results: Overall, 10,787 providers wrote 779,813 antibiotic prescriptions for 328,515 children insured by Kentucky Medicaid in 2017. Moreover, 154,546 (19.8%) of these antibiotic prescriptions were appropriate, 358,026 (45.9%) were potentially appropriate, 163,654 (21.0%) were inappropriate, and 103,587 (13.3%) were not associated with a diagnosis. Half of all providers wrote 12 prescriptions or less to Medicaid children. The following child characteristics were associated with inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: residence in a rural area (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.1), having a visit with an inappropriate prescriber (OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 4.1–4.2), age 0–2 years (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.37–1.41), and presence of a chronic condition (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.28–1.33). Conclusions: Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing to Kentucky Medicaid children is common. Provider and patient characteristics associated with inappropriate prescribing differ from those associated with higher volume. Claims data are useful to describe inappropriate use and could be a valuable metric for provider feedback reports. Policies are needed to support analysis and dissemination of antibiotic prescribing reports and should include all provider types and geographic areas.

scholarly journals Adverse outcomes after worsening renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Fushimi AF Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ogawa ◽  
Y An ◽  
S Ikeda ◽  
Y Aono ◽  
K Doi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Worsening Renal Function ◽  
Gault Formula ◽  
Bayer Healthcare ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly coexist with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are recommended for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), and worsening renal function (WRF) as well as CKD is an important issue in using NOAC. However, little is known about the clinical outcomes of patients after WRF. Purpose We aimed to investigate outcomes after WRF in AF patients. Methods The Fushimi AF Registry is a community-based prospective survey of the AF patients in our city. Follow-up data including prescription status were available for 4,441 patients. Of them, 1,890 patients who have baseline and at least 1 follow-up creatinine clearance (CrCl) measurements, estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula, were analyzed in the present study. WRF was defined as a decrease of ≥20% from baseline CrCl measurement at any time point during follow-up. We evaluated demographics and outcomes after WRF in AF patients. Results During the median follow-up period of 2,194 days, mean CrCl decrease of 2.2 ml/min/year was observed and WRF occurred in 981 patients (51.9%). Patients with WRF were significantly more often female (with vs. without WRF; 40.3% vs. 35.4%; p=0.03), older (73.4 vs. 71.1 years of age; p&lt;0.01), more often paroxysmal type (49.9% vs. 47.1%; p&lt;0.01), and more likely to have prior stroke (17.9% vs. 12.7%; p&lt;0.01), heart failure (30.8% vs. 24.8%; p&lt;0.01), diabetes (31.7% vs. 27.1%; p=0.03), and coronary artery disease (19.9% vs. 12.1%; p&lt;0.01) than those without WRF. Co-existing of CKD and mean CrCl at baseline were comparable (37.4% vs. 36.9%; p=0.82, 65.3 vs. 63.5 ml/min; p=0.66, respectively). Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in WRF patients (3.55 vs. 3.03; p&lt;0.01). On landmark analysis, all-cause mortality occurred in 135 patients (8.6 /100 person-years) after WRF and 82 patients (1.7 /100 person-years) without WRF, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 6.33 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.33–9.50; p&lt;0.01), adjusted by sex, age, body weight, serum creatinine, type of AF, oral anticoagulant prescription and comorbidities. Stroke or systemic embolism occurred in 45 patients after WRF (3.0 /100 person-years) and 78 (1.7 /100 person-years) patients without WRF (adjusted HR 1.60 [95% CI, 1.04–2.49; p=0.03]) (Figure). Conclusions AF patients after WRF had higher incidence of various adverse events. Incidence of Adverse Outcomes Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): The Practical Research Project for Life-Style related Diseases including Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development. Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer Healthcare, Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Novartis Pharma, MSD, Sanofi-Aventis, and Takeda Pharmaceutical.

Meta-analysis comparing impact of age, sex and renal function on the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants vs. vitamin K antagonists for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J She ◽  
B.Z Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Acute Venous Thromboembolism

Abstract Background New direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs), as a preferable treatment option for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been recommended with practical advantages as compared to Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in clinical practice. Purpose In our study, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of NOACs vs. VKAs in patients with different age, sex and renal function for the treatment of VTE. Methods Electronic databases (accessed October 2019) were systematically searched to identify RCTs evaluating apixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban versus VKAs for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Results NOACs was associated with a borderline higher efficacy in female (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.62–1.02), and a significantly higher efficacy in patients with age more than 75 (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.80) and creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.32–0.99). NOACs also show advantage in terms of major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding in male (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.86), and patients with creatinine clearance more than 50 mL/min (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.67–0.84). Conclusions NOACs have exhibited clinical preference among patients with acute VTE as compared to VKA with significantly decreased thrombosis events and lower bleeding complications, especially in patients with age more than 75 and creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800390) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi province (2018KW067).

scholarly journals Correcting Inappropriate Prescribing of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Population Health Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Dawson ◽  
Deborah DeCamillo ◽  
Xiaowen Kong ◽  
Brian Shensky ◽  
Scott Kaatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Inappropriate Prescribing

DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS PRESCRIBING PRACTICES IN THE TREATMENT OF VTE AT A QUATERNARY CARE CENTER: A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW

CHEST Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. A15
Author(s):  
Samir Patel ◽  
Sheldon Rao ◽  
Briana DiSilvio ◽  
Tariq Cheema ◽  
Lauren Finoli
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Prescribing Practices

scholarly journals Exploring gender differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use in Southeast Asia: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0259069
Author(s):  
Phuc Pham-Duc ◽  
Kavitha Sriparamananthan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Males And Females

Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been one of the main contributors to antimicrobial resistance, particularly in Southeast Asia. Different genders are prone to different antibiotic use practices. The objective of this scoping review is to understand the extent and type of evidence available on gender differences in antibiotic use across Southeast Asia. The search strategy for this scoping review involved PubMed, Semantic Scholar, BioMed Central and ProQuest. Two-level screening was applied to identify the final sample of relevant sources. Thematic content analysis was then conducted on the selected final sources to identify recurring themes related to gender differences in antibiotic use and a narrative account was developed based on the themes. Recommendations for next steps regarding reducing inappropriate antibiotic use and gender considerations that need to be made when developing future interventions were also identified. Research on gender and antibiotic use remains scarce. Studies that discuss gender within the context of antibiotic use often mention differences between males and females in knowledge, attitudes and/or behaviour, however, do not explore reasons for these differences. Gender differences in antibiotic use were generally examined in terms of: (i) knowledge of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance and (ii) practices related to antibiotic use. Evidence indicated that differences between males and females in knowledge and practices of antibiotic use varied greatly based on setting. This indicates that gender differences in antibiotic use are greatly contextual and intersect with other sociodemographic factors, particularly education and socioeconomic status. Educational interventions that are targeted to meet the specific needs of males and females and delivered through pharmacists and healthcare professionals were the most common recommendations for reducing inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Such targeted interventions require further qualitative research on factors influencing differences in knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use among males and females. In addition, there is also a need to strengthen monitoring and regulation practices to ensure accessibility to affordable, quality antibiotics through trusted sources.

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