Burnout among Hospital Pharmacists: Prevalence, Self-Awareness, and Preventive Programs in Pharmacy School Curricula

Background: Clinician burnout is a work-related syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. It is associated with reduced quality of care, as well as the occurrence of medical errors and mental illness. Although burnout has been extensively studied in populations of physicians and nurses, there is limited research assessing burnout in pharmacists and their exposure to burnout-related education. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of burnout and its associated risk factors among hospital pharmacists and to explore the status of preventive programs in pharmacy school curricula. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with hospital pharmacists working in the province of Ontario, Canada. Respondents completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and responded to questions about career characteristics and professional satisfaction. A multivariable regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with burnout. In addition, all pharmacy schools in Canada were surveyed electronically about their burnout-prevention curricula. Results: Of 2465 hospital pharmacists in Ontario, 270 responded (11% response rate). Most respondents were women (77% [195/252]) and were working full-time (90% [227/252]), with a substantial proportion working in the acute care setting (39% [96/246]). The burnout rate was 61.1% (165/270; 95% confidence interval 55.5%–66.8%). Factors independently associated with burnout were dissatisfaction with work–life balance (odds ratio [OR] 2.62, p = 0.005) and feeling that contributions were unappreciated (OR 2.60, p = 0.019). Of those whose MBI score indicated burnout, 23% (36/158) were not aware of experiencing burnout. All 10 Canadian pharmacy schools responded to the survey, with 9 (90%) reporting that they did not have burnout-prevention curricula; however, 8 (80%) reported interest in incorporating such material. Conclusions: The rate of burnout among hospital pharmacists in Ontario was high, and preventive action is needed. Opportunities exist to both improve pharmacists’ resilience at the undergraduate level and reduce institutional stressors in the workplace. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’épuisement professionnel du clinicien est un syndrome lié au travail qui se caractérise par une fatigue émotionnelle, une dépersonnalisation et l’amoindrissement des réalisations personnelles. Il est associé à la réduction de la qualité des soins, à la survenance d’erreurs médicales et à la maladie mentale. Bien que ce sujet ait fait l’objet d’études approfondies dans les populations de médecins et d’infirmiers, les recherches qui se penchent sur l’épuisement des pharmaciens et la possibilité qui leur est offerte de bénéficier de formations relatives à l’épuisement sont limitées. Objectifs : Déterminer la prévalence du surmenage professionnel et des facteurs de risque qui lui sont associés parmi les pharmaciens d’hôpitaux et examiner les programmes de prévention dans les formations en école de pharmacie. Méthode : Une enquête transversale en ligne a été menée auprès des pharmaciens hospitaliers travaillant en Ontario, au Canada. Les répondants ont rempli le Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) [Evaluation du syndrome de l’épuisement professionnel de Maslach] et répondu à des questions portant sur les caractéristiques d’emploi et la satisfaction professionnelle. Une analyse de régression multivariable a permis de déterminer les facteurs indépendamment associés à l’épuisement. De plus, une enquête électronique portant sur le programme de prévention de l’épuisement a été menée dans toutes les écoles de pharmacie au Canada. Résultats : Sur les 2465 pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario, 270 ont répondu (taux de réponse de 11 %). La plupart des répondants étaient des femmes (77 % [195/252]) travaillant à temps plein (90 % [227/252]); une part importante travaillait dans un environnement de soins aigus (39 % [96/246]). Le taux d’épuisement était de 61,1 % (165/270, intervalle de confiance 95 % 55,5 %-66,8 %). Les facteurs indépendamment associés à l’épuisement étaient l’insatisfaction liée à l’équilibre entre sa vie professionnelle et sa vie personnelle (rapport de cotes [RC] 2,62, p = 0,005) et l’impression d’un manque d’appréciation de sa contribution (RC 2,60, p = 0,019). Parmi les personnes dont le score MBI indiquait un épuisement professionnel, 23 % (36/158) ne savaient pas qu’elles en étaient victimes. Les dix écoles de pharmacie canadiennes ont répondu à l’enquête et neuf (90 %) ont rapporté ne pas avoir de programme axé sur la prévention de l’épuisement professionnel, cependant, huit (80 %) ont montré leur intérêt pour un tel programme. Conclusions : Le taux d’épuisement professionnel parmi les pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario était élevé et des actions préventives sont nécessaires. Les possibilités existent pour améliorer la résilience des pharmaciens au niveau du premier cycle universitaire et réduire les facteurs de stress institutionnels sur le lieu de travail.

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Burnout syndrome among Thai intensivists and nurses in pre-COVID19 era

Clinical Critical Care ◽

10.54205/ccc.v29i.254181 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chatchai Laopakorn ◽

Pimsai Kunakorn ◽

Petch Wacharasint

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Full Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Data ◽

The Past ◽

Icu Physicians

Background: Burnout syndrome (BOS), a work-related constellation of symptoms and signs, causes individuals emotional stress and is associated with increasing job-related disillusionment. ICU-BOS among Thai intensivists and ICU nurses has never been clarified. Methods & materials: We performed a multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study in 17 hospitals in Thailand. BOS-related data were collected from full time ICU physicians and ICU nurses using electronic questionnaires. ICU-BOS was defined when participants exhibited at least 1 of 3 aspects (depersonalization, emotion exhaustion and personal accomplishment) regarding the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Primary outcome was prevalence of ICU-BOS among intensivists and ICU nurses, and secondary outcomes were risk factors for ICU-BOS. Results: After a total of 193 electronic surveys were sent, 171 responders (ICU physicians n=66, ICU nurses n=105) were included in this analysis (88.6%). Overall prevalence of ICU-BOS was 62.6%. Using multivariate analysis, the risk factors for ICU-BOS among intensivists were 1) income <20,000 THB, 2) feeling of quitting caring for patients in an ICU within the past year, 3) need >2 holidays/wk and 4) patient’s ICU-LOS >5 days (adjusted odd ratio (OR) of 31.5, 15.9, 7.4, 14.9; p =0.04, 0.007, 0.035, 0.004 respectively). Risk factors for ICU-BOS among ICU nurses were 1) age >40 years, 2) ICU experience >5 years, 3) patient’s ICU-LOS >5 days, 4) nurse to patient ratio lower than 1:1 5) feeling assignments in the ICU were too numerous and 6) feeling of quitting caring for patients in an ICU within the past year (adjusted OR of 15.7, 4.6, 10.0, 68.7, 4.3, 5.3; p =0.009, 0.04, 0.004, 0.004, 0.04, 0.007 respectively). Conclusion: In this study, we found a high prevalence of ICU-BOS among Thai intensivists and ICU nurses. Co-independent risk factors for BOS were patient’s ICU-LOS >5 days and feeling of quitting caring for patients in an ICU within the past year.

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Burnout prevalence in medical and radiation oncologists at British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA).

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.6071 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6071-6071

Author(s):

Catherine A. Fitzgerald ◽

Lyly H. Le ◽

David W. Petrik ◽

Kevin C. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Similar Response ◽

Full Time ◽

Full Time Equivalent ◽

Radiation Oncologists ◽

Cancer Agency ◽

Age Range

6071 Background: Burnout, reported to affect 30-60% of oncology workers, is a syndrome of psychological distress typically manifesting in three dimensions: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP) and Low Personal Accomplishment (PA). Causal factors include workload, dealing with terminally ill patients and difficulties maintaining a balance between professional and personal life. As workload rises due to increased complexity of therapy and increasing prevalence of cancer patients, burnout may increase, especially in times of financial constraint. We sought to determine the prevalence of burnout in medical and radiation oncologists working at BCCA, which provides all radiation and the majority of medical oncology services to BC’s 4.5 million people. Methods: In March 2011, BCCA oncologists were invited to participate in a confidential online survey consisting of basic demographics and the 22 item MasLach Burnout Inventory (MBI) instrument, the latter a validated tool measuring distress in the three main dimensions of burnout. Normative data for physicians were used to interpret the results. Results: Response rate was 59%, female:male 40:60% with similar response rates for medical and radiation oncology (60 v 59%). Of the 73 who indicated their age range, 34 (47%) were between 35 and 44 years old. Respondents indicated that they had considered reducing their Full Time Equivalent (FTE) (67%) or leaving BC (46%). In those with at least 2 scores at a severe level, these rates were 76% and 71% respectively. Conclusions: Over 60% of responding BCCA oncologists report burnout in at least one domain of the MBI tool. Many have considered leaving the province or reducing their hours. These data are consistent with Grunfeld’s survey of Ontario oncologists (CMAJ 2000), although the rate of burnout is higher in this survey. Further research into ways to lessen burnout in oncology is urgently needed. [Table: see text]

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Burnout Among Surgeons in the UK During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study

World Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00268-021-06351-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Houdmont ◽

Prita Daliya ◽

Elena Theophilidou ◽

Alfred Adiamah ◽

Juliet Hassard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Online Survey ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surgeon Training ◽

Uk National Health Service ◽

The Uk ◽

Ongoing Monitoring

Abstract Background Surgeon burnout has implications for patient safety and workforce sustainability. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of burnout among surgeons in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional online survey was set in the UK National Health Service and involved 601 surgeons across the UK of all specialities and grades. Participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a bespoke questionnaire. Outcome measures included emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low personal accomplishment, as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Results A total of 142 surgeons reported having contracted COVID-19. Burnout prevalence was particularly high in the emotional exhaustion (57%) and depersonalisation (50%) domains, while lower on the low personal accomplishment domain (15%). Burnout prevalence was unrelated to COVID-19 status; however, the greater the perceived impact of COVID-19 on work, the higher the prevalence of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Degree of worry about contracting COVID-19 oneself and degree of worry about family and friends contacting COVID-19 was positively associated with prevalence on all three burnout domains. Across all three domains, burnout prevalence was exceptionally high in the Core Trainee 1–2 and Specialty Trainee 1–2 grades. Conclusions These findings highlight potential undesirable implications for patient safety arising from surgeon burnout. Moreover, there is a need for ongoing monitoring in addition to an enhanced focus on mental health self-care in surgeon training and the provision of accessible and confidential support for practising surgeons.

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Prevalence and Outcomes of Exposure to Catastrophic Events Among Athletic Trainers

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-533-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 1098-1102

Author(s):

Patricia Estock ◽

Janet E. Simon

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Online Survey ◽

Athletic Trainers ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Avoidance Task ◽

Catastrophic Events ◽

Catastrophic Event ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

National Athletic Trainers Association

Context Little is known about the prevalence of exposure to catastrophic events or how caring for athletes exposed to catastrophic events can influence burnout in athletic trainers (ATs). Objective To assess (1) the prevalence of exposure to catastrophic events, (2) the levels of burnout among ATs who have been exposed to catastrophic events, and (3) the coping strategies they used. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants We invited 9881 certified members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association to participate in this study; 1007 surveys were completed, for a response rate of 10.2% (433 men, 572 women, and 2 who preferred not to answer the question). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed an online survey to assess demographic information, exposure to a catastrophic event, and scores on the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) and the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). Scores on the MBI-HSS (personal accomplishment, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion subscales) and CISS (avoidance, task, and emotion-oriented subscales) were determined. Two multivariate analyses of variance (one for MBI-HSS and one for CISS) were conducted using the independent variable of group (catastrophic event and no catastrophic event). The α level was set at P < .05 for all analyses. Results A total of 518 ATs (51.4%) reported providing care to athletes exposed to a catastrophic event and 489 (48.6%) did not. The group that reported providing care for athletes exposed to a catastrophic event had a significantly worse personal accomplishment score (46.1 ± 6.7) than the group that had never provided such care (44.6 ± 7.7; P < .05). The emotion-oriented score for those who had provided care for athletes exposed to a catastrophic event was 14.3 ± 4.8 versus 14.9 ± 4.2 for those who had not (P < .05), indicating less use of emotion-oriented coping strategies. Conclusions The ATs who provided care to athletes exposed to a catastrophic event could be more likely to suffer from a lack of personal accomplishment and exhibit task and emotion-oriented coping behaviors.

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Burnout and Its Relationship with Demographic and Job-Related Variables among Dentists in Lithuania: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083968 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3968

Author(s):

Eglė Slabšinskienė ◽

Andrej Gorelik ◽

Aistė Kavaliauskienė ◽

Apolinaras Zaborskis

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Satisfaction Index ◽

Sum Score ◽

Sum Scores ◽

High Level

Although burnout has been described as a serious hazard for personal and professional lives and has been surveyed among dentists in many countries, no study has been published regarding burnout among dentists in Lithuania. This study aimed to evaluate the burnout level among Lithuanian dentists and its association with demographic variables, job satisfaction, and other job-related variables. The data were collected among dentists online or during professional conferences while using an anonymous questionnaire (n = 380). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to evaluate the burnout level. A Poisson regression was applied for the analysis of relationships between variables. We observed that 42.3% of the respondents had a high emotional exhaustion (EE) (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.4–42.3%), while 18.7% (95% CI: 15.0–22.9%) and 28,2% (95% CI: 23.4–32.6%) had high depersonalization (DP) and low personal accomplishment (PA), respectively. Nonetheless, 15.3% (95% CI: 11.8–18.9%) of the study population experienced a high level of overall burnout. An original job satisfaction index was elaborated. It was significantly associated with sum scores of all burnout dimensions: with the EE sum score (Ratio of Sum Score Means (RSSM) 1.54; 95% CI: 1.46–1.62), DP sum score (RSSM 1.59; 95% CI: 1.45–1.74), and PA sum score (RSSM 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84–0.92). It was concluded that Lithuanian dentists can be characterised by high burnout intensity and high prevalence of burnout, being especially evident in emotional exhaustion. The dentist with low job satisfaction appeared to be the most vulnerable to all burnout dimensions.

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Addressing the relationship between perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection and emergence of burnout symptoms in a sample of Egyptian physicians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-020-00079-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed Abdelghani ◽

Hayam M. El-Gohary ◽

Eman Fouad ◽

Mervat S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Emotional Exhaustion ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic are working under relentless stress. This study aimed to identify the impact of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection on the quality of life and the emergence of burnout syndrome among physicians in Egypt during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 10th and June 9th, 2020, and included 320 Egyptian physicians who were working during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were interviewed using the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) for assessment of the perceived fears of COVID-19 virus infection, associated anxiety and depressive symptoms, burnout symptoms, and quality of life, respectively. Results Overall, most physicians were females (63%). Ideas about death, moderate-to-severe anxiety, and depressive symptoms were reported by 11, 28, and 29% of physicians, respectively. For burnout symptoms, high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment were reported by 20, 71, and 39% of physicians, respectively. The perceived fear of COVID-19 virus infection was positively correlated with anxiety, depression, and burnout emotional exhaustion, and depersonalization symptoms, and negatively correlated with personal accomplishment and all quality of life domains. Conclusions Egyptian physicians experienced higher levels of COVID-19-related fears, anxiety, and depressive and burnout symptoms. There was a robust correlation between these perceived fears, and higher burnout symptoms, and poor quality of life among physicians. Specific interventions should be tailored to minimize the physical and mental burdens on the physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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The relationships among personal accomplishment, resilience and teachers’ experience of teaching multiple school subjects role conflict

European Physical Education Review ◽

10.1177/1356336x20980777 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1356336X2098077

Author(s):

Cassandra Iannucci ◽

K Andrew R Richards ◽

Ann MacPhail

Keyword(s):

Root Mean Square ◽

Role Conflict ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Mean Square ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Subjects ◽

Fit Index

This study develops an understanding of the relationships among personal accomplishment, resilience, and teaching multiple school subjects role conflict (TMSS-RC) among Irish post-primary, multi-subject teachers. A theoretically informed conceptual framework was developed to explain the relationships among personal accomplishment, resilience, and the sub-domains of TMSS-RC: status conflict, schedule conflict, and energy expenditure. Participants included 259 post-primary teachers across Ireland who were responsible for teaching physical education and at least one other school subject concurrently. Participants completed a 46-item, cross-sectional survey consisting of a demographics questionnaire, the TMSS-RC scale, the personal accomplishment subscale from the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Educators Survey, and the 10-item version of the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. Concurrent confirmatory factor analysis was first used to confirm the psychometric quality of the hypothesised factor structure. Results indicated that the hypothesised model was a good fit for the data. Structural equation modelling was then used to examine and verify the hypothesised relationships of the conceptual model. Results supported the model with mediation, which showed good model fit: C3(129) = 174.97, p = 0.004, χ 2/df = 1.36; root mean square error of approximation = 0.044 (90% confidence interval = 0.031, 0.057; p = 0.770), standardised root mean square residual = 0.058; non-normed fit index = 0.974; comparitive-fit index (CFI) = 0.978. Collectively, results indicate that as teachers’ levels of personal accomplishment and resilience increase, their experiences of TMSS-RC decrease. This suggests that stress as a result of teaching multiple school subjects concurrently can be reduced with an increase in teachers’ perceived levels of personal accomplishment and resiliency.

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The validation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human services survey for emergency medical technicians in Gauteng

SA Journal of Industrial Psychology ◽

10.4102/sajip.v30i3.167 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. L. P. Naudé ◽

S. Rothmann

Keyword(s):

Human Services ◽

Factor Model ◽

Survey Design ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Emergency Medical Technicians ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Emergency Medical ◽

Construct Equivalence

The objectives of this study were to validate the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) for emergency medical technicians in the Gauteng Province of South Africa and to determine its construct equivalence and bias for different race groups. A cross-sectional survey design with an accidental sample (N = 318) was used. The MBIHSS and a biographical questionnaire were administered. Evidence of uniform bias was found for one item of the MBIHSS. Exploratory factor analyses resulted in a 3-factor model of burnout, consisting of Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalisation and Personal Accomplishment. The scales showed acceptable internal consistencies. Exploratory factor analysis with target rotations confirmed construct equivalence of scales for the White and Black groups. Opsomming Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was om die Maslach Uitbrandingsvraelys – Menslike Dienste-Opname (MBI-HSS) te valideer vir die Nood Mediese Tegnici in die Gauteng Provinsie van Suid-Afrika en om die konstrukekwivalensie en sydigheid daarvan vir die verskillende rassegroepe te bepaal. ’n Dwarssnee opname-ontwerp met ’n beskikbaarheidsteekproef (N = 318) is gebruik. Die MBI-HSS en ’n biografiese vraelys is afgeneem. Uniforme sydigheid is gevind vir een item van die MBI-HSS. Verkennende faktorontleding met teikenrotasies het geresulteer in ’n 3-faktormodel van uitbranding bestaande uit Emosionele Uitputting, Depersonalisasie en Persoonlike Bereiking. Die skale het aanvaarbare interne konsekwentheid getoon. Verkennende faktorontleding met teikenrotasies het die konstrukekwivalensie vir die drie faktore bevestig vir die Wit en Swart groepe.

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Empathy, Burnout, and Attitudes towards Mental Illness among Spanish Mental Health Nurses

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19020692 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 692

Author(s):

Daniel Román-Sánchez ◽

Juan Carlos Paramio-Cuevas ◽

Olga Paloma-Castro ◽

José Luis Palazón-Fernández ◽

Isabel Lepiani-Díaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Health Nurses ◽

Positive Attitudes

Mental health nurses, together with psychiatrists, are the healthcare professionals who display the highest levels of empathy and the best attitudes towards patients with mental disorders. However, burnout is a common problem among these professionals. The aim of our study is to describe the association between empathy, burnout, and attitudes towards patients with mental disorders among mental health nurses in Spain. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used involving a sample of 750 specialist nurses working in mental health facilities in Spain. An intentional, non-probability, non-discriminative, exponential snowball sampling method was used. The Jefferson Scale of Empathy, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness Inventory were used to measure the study variables. A positive correlation was observed between empathy and all the study variables, with the exception of the personal accomplishment dimension of burnout and the social restrictiveness and authoritarianism dimensions of attitudes towards mental illness, where a negative relation was observed. Our findings suggest that empathy is associated with an increase in positive attitudes towards patients with mental disorders, decreasing associated stigma, but did not act as a protective factor against burnout in the study sample.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout in Athletic Training Students: A Comparison of Undergraduate and Graduate Students

Athletic Training Education Journal ◽

10.4085/1947-380x-20-22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 101-111

Author(s):

Ashlyne Paige Vineyard ◽

Andrew Gallucci ◽

Kathleen Adair ◽

Leslie Oglesby ◽

Kristina White ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Athletic Training ◽

Social Stress ◽

Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Accomplishment ◽

Athletic Training Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Survey Responses

Context Burnout is a psychological syndrome consisting of increased emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and decreased personal accomplishment (PA). To date, examinations of burnout among athletic training students (ATS) is limited. Objective To determine prevalence and antecedents of burnout among ATS. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Web-based survey. Patients or Other Participants Students enrolled in athletic training programs (ATP). Intervention(s) A survey assessed demographics, stressors, and burnout measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey. Main Outcome Measure(s) Multiple regression analyses were used to determine relationships between variables. Results A total of 725 students participated. Most respondents were undergraduates (n = 582, 80%), female (n = 518, 71%), Caucasian (n = 564, 78%), and single (n = 422, 58%). Mean burnout scores for EE, DP, and PA were 33 ± 10, 17 ± 4.5, and 39 ± 5.8, respectively. Survey responses showed that 70.8% of undergraduate and 62.9% of graduate students reported high EE. All the students (100%) in both samples reported high DP. Undergraduates pursuing internships or residencies (b = −7.69, P < .001) and who were currently enrolled in non–Division I institutions (b = −2.90, P < .01) had decreased EE. Increased stress revealed increased EE (overall stress: b = 3.11, P < .001; social stress: b = 1.32, P < .05; class stress: b = 1.45, P < .05). Increases in clinical hours also related to increased EE (b = 1.49, P < .001). Those pursuing internships or residencies (b = −2.10, P < .05) and who were female (b = −2.10, P < .05) reported decreased DP. Being married (b = 2.87, P < .01), increased clinical hours (b = 0.77, P < .001), and social stress (b = 0.59, P < .05) resulted in increased DP. Increased PA was seen in students intending to pursue graduate education (b = 1.76, P < .05) and female students (b = 1.17, P < .05). Graduate students' stress levels revealed increased EE (b = 6.57, P < .01) and DP (b = 0.98, P < .05). Conclusions Differences exist between undergraduate and graduate burnout scores and associated predictors. Further research is needed to identify student responses to burnout.

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