Moral Judgment Developmental Differences Between Gifted Youth and College Students

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pitt Derryberry ◽  
Travis Wilson ◽  
Hannah Snyder ◽  
Tony Norman ◽  
Brian Barger
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Act Scores ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Gifted Youth ◽  
Attributional Complexity

In order to better understand contributing factors of moral judgment development, gifted youth and college students were compared. Moral judgment development, ACT scores, attributional complexity, and descriptors of personality were assessed among 140 college students and 97 gifted youth. Important distinctions favoring the gifted sample were seen among aspects of all considered variables. Stepwise hierarchical regression models noted that there was variability in how these variables accounted for the moral judgment developmental variance of each group. Discussed are explanations for the differences seen in the gifted sample relative to the college sample. Efforts to understand populations prone to early advancement, such as the gifted, are recommended in the hopes of transferring gained knowledge to other populations.

Relationship between psychological suzhi and internet addiction among chinese college students

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-yan Hu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xin-qiang Wang ◽  
Tian-qiang Hu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
North China ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
College Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Despite concerns about the effect of internet addiction, little is known about how psychological suzhi impacts the internet addiction of college students. This paper aims to investigate the relationship between psychological suzhi and internet addiction among college students. Design/methodology/approach Using the college student psychological suzhi scale and internet addiction test, 2,070 college students from 11 universities in North China, East China, South China and Southwest China were tested. Findings The detection rate of internet addiction in this college sample of students was 18.8%. There was a significant negative correlation between students’ psychological suzhi and internet addiction (r = −0.408, p < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that adaptability and individuality in psychological suzhi significantly negatively predicted college students’ internet addiction tendency (p < 0.001). Originality/value This study is the first to show a relationship between psychological suzhi and internet addiction in college students. In detail, the adaptability and individuality of college students’ psychological suzhi are protective factors related to internet addiction. The results also suggested that the authors can prevent and intervene in internet addiction by modifying college students’ adaptability and individuality.

Predictors of Career Decision Self-Efficacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-jeong Shin ◽  
Ji-yeon Lee
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Contributing Factors

We examined sex, socioeconomic status (SES), classism, modern sexism, and locus of control as uniquely contributing factors to college students’ career decision self-efficacy. A total of 139 college students participated in the survey, and the hypothesis was tested with hierarchical regression. Results revealed that (a) sex and SES do not significantly contribute to classism and modern sexism to college students’ career decision self-efficacy and (b) classism and modern sexism, internality and luck uniquely contributed to college students’ career decision self-efficacy above and beyond the variances accounted for sex and SES. Results indicate the importance of classism and modern sexism over actual sex and SES in predicting college students’ career decision self-efficacy.

Perceived Realism of Television Medical Dramas and Perceptions About Physicians

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunyi Cho ◽  
Kari Wilson ◽  
Jounghwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Perceived Realism ◽  
Medical Dramas ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Different Dimensions

This study investigated whether and how dimensions of perceived realism of television medical dramas are linked to perceptions of physicians. The three dimensions of perceived realism were considered: plausibility, typicality, and narrative consistency. Data from a survey of college students were examined with confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Across the three dramas (ER, Grey’s Anatomy, and House), narrative consistency predicted positive perceptions about physicians. Perceived plausibility and typicality of the medical dramas showed no significant association with perceptions about physicians. These results illustrate the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of perceived realism and the importance of narrative consistency in influencing social beliefs.

An Optimal Weight Predictor for Hierarchical Regression Models

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Optimal Weight

scholarly journals Dual Decline in Gait and Cognition Is Associated With Future Dementia: Evidence for a Phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 264-264
Author(s):  
Manuel Montero Odasso ◽  
Mark Speechley ◽  
Richard Camicioli ◽  
Nellie Kamkar ◽  
Qu Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract BACKGROUND: The concurrent decline in gait speed and cognition are associated with future dementia. However, the clinical profile of those who present with dual-decline has not yet been described. We aimed to describe the phenotype and risk for incident dementia of individuals who present a dual-decline in comparison with non dual-decliners. METHODS: Prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults free of dementia at baseline. We evaluated participants’ gait speed, cognition, medical status, functionality, incidence of adverse events, and dementia biannually over 7 years. Gait speed was assessed with a 6-meter electronic-walkway, and global cognition was assessed using the MoCA test. We compared characteristics between dual-decliners and non dual-decliners using t-test, Chi-square, and hierarchical regression models. We estimated incident dementia using Cox models. RESULTS: Among 144 participants (mean age 74.23 ± 6.72 years, 54% women), 17% progressed to dementia. Dual-decliners had a three-fold risk (HR: 3.12, 95%CI:1.23-7.93, p=0.017) of progression to dementia compared with non dual-decliners. Dual-decliners were significantly older with a higher prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia (p=0.002). Hierarchical regression models show that age and sex alone explained 3% of the variation in the dual-decliners group, while adding hypertension and dyslipidemia increased the explained variation to 8% and 10 %, respectively. The risk of becoming a dual-decliner was 4-fold if hypertension was present. CONCLUSION: Older adults with concurrent decline in gait speed and cognition represent a group at the highest risk of progression to dementia. These dual-decliners have a distinct phenotype with a higher prevalence of hypertension, a potentially treatable condition.

scholarly journals Khat Use Patterns, Associated Features, and Psychological Problems in a Khat-Treatment-Seeking Student Sample of Jimma University, Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekdem Tesfamichael Hassen ◽  
Matiwos Soboka ◽  
Marina Widmann ◽  
Lucas Keller ◽  
Anja C. Zeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Khat Use ◽  
Jimma University

Background: Khat (Catha edulis) is a traditionally used substance in African and Arab countries that contains the amphetamine-like alkaloid cathinone. Khat use among Ethiopian students is a growing concern. This study aims to describe khat use, psychological problems, and motivation to change and to determine associated factors of khat use among students from Jimma University seeking psychological assistance.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 717 students from Jimma University, southwestern Ethiopia, who seek assistance to reduce khat use were recruited. The study used Amharic and Afaan Oromoo language versions of common psychological instruments and employed them as part of a comprehensive tablet computer-delivered self-report assessment battery, comprising the SRQ-20, the PCL-5, the LEC-5, the AUDIT, and the SOCRATES-khat. In addition, socio-demographic, economic variables, and functioning problems due to severe mental disorders were assessed. The analysis relied on the data of the 575 included participants and used clinical cut-off values to describe this treatment-seeking sample and hierarchical regression models to determine variables associated with khat use.Results: The sample showed high khat use in the past month (M = 31.55 bundles, SD = 28.53, on M = 15.11 days, SD = 8.54); 17.0% showed highly problematic use. The sample was extremely burdened with comorbid psychiatric problems: 21.6% reported functioning problems due to past mental disorders, 60.2% scored above the cut-off for current common mental disorders, 37.9% screened positive for PTSD, and 47.1% reported hazardous alcohol use. Small to medium intercorrelations between variables were detected, and in hierarchical regression models, higher motivation to change khat use was associated with higher use of the substance.Conclusions: This study clearly shows the need to develop research instruments, screening methods, and assistance services for khat-using students at Jimma University. Study participants' high mental health burden shows the need for targeted intervention programs that go beyond brief interventions for khat use. Furthermore, the study highlights challenges for implementing such services: the barriers to utilization for females and khat users without comorbid mental health problems.

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Mental Health Among African American College Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Masuda ◽  
Page L. Anderson ◽  
Shawn T. Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
African American ◽  
African American College Students ◽  
College Sample ◽  
Acceptance And Action Questionnaire ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale ◽  
Interpersonal Situations ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

The current study examined the relation of a commonly used measure of mindfulness (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale [MAAS]) and psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire [AAQ]) to mental health-related variables within an African American college sample. The study also examined these constructs as potential mediators of the link between self-concealment and mental health variables. The AAQ did not show adequate internal consistency, and thus was not used in subsequent analyses. Mindfulness was found to be a significant predictor of mental health-related variables and mediated the relation between self-concealment and emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations (full mediation) and general psychological ill health (partial mediation). These results are suggestive that mindfulness may be useful to understand mental health within African Americans college students, although additional research is clearly needed.

The Friendship Effect

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Pitt Derryberry ◽  
Stephen J. Thoma
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
College Environment ◽  
Moral Thinking ◽  
Research Results

The research results are clear: After four years of college, students experience growth in moral judgment. What isn't clear is why. What is it about going to college that contributes to the development of moral thinking? The authors point to something in the college environment that has little to do with the curriculum or the cocurriculum—students’ friendships and social networks.

The Association Between Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle and Aging and Its Influence on the Performance of Functional Activity: A Cross-Sectional Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Ibrahim M. Altubasi
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Shaft Angle

The purposes of this study were first to examine the association between aging and both the magnitude and asymmetry in the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA). The second purpose was to determine the effects of both the magnitude and NSA asymmetry on the performance of functional activities in healthy individuals. Fifty-one subjects participated in this study. The femoral NSA was measured on computed tomography scout images. The participants performed four performance tests. Four hierarchical regression models were constructed to explore the effect of each predictor on the outcomes. Aging was associated with NSA asymmetry, but not with the degree of NSA. Age contributed significantly to the variability of all functional performance tests except the 10-m walking speed. The degree of the NSA did not contribute to the prediction of the functional performance tests. However, asymmetry in the NSA added significantly to the prediction of all functional performance tests except the 10-m walking speed.

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