scholarly journals Bi-Directional Regulation by Chinese Herbal Formulae to Host and Parasite for Multi-Drug Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Humans and Rodents

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuo Yamaguchi ◽  
Takanao Ueyama ◽  
Nurmuhamamt Amat ◽  
Dilxat Yimit ◽  
Parida Hoxur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Herbal Formulae

Analysis of Chinese herbal formulae recommended for COVID-19 in different schemes in China: A data mining Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
LiWei Yin ◽  
YaCen Gao ◽  
ZiPing Li ◽  
MengYu Wang ◽  
KaiXin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Herbal Formulae

Background: Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a worldwide health threat that has affected millions of people globally. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been introduced for the treatment of COVID-19. However, efficacy differs among herbal medicines, and the ideal prescription pattern for TCM herbal formulae for COVID-19 treatment needs to be explored. Therefore, the data mining method has been used in this study to analyze the TCM prescription pattern for COVID-19. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the TCM prescription pattern in Regional Schemes in China for COVID-19 in order to provide a new reference for the use of TCM in COVID-19 treatment. Method: By searching the TCM treatment protocols of COVID-19 in 23 Regional Schemes, TCM syndromes and herbal medicines were analyzed by data mining. The Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform (V2.1 personal Edition) was used to perform frequency statistics, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 82 TCM syndromes and 171 Chinese herbal medicines were found. The course of the disease can be divided into the early stage, middle stage, severe stage, and recovery stage. Results: In the early stage, the focus is primarily on resolving dampness, dispelling cold, and diffusing the lungs. In the middle stage, the treatment priority is clearing heat and resolving toxins, promoting lung function, and relieving asthma. In the severe stage, the focus is on tonifying Qi, restoring Yang, and relieving depletion of Yin and Yang. In the recovery stage, the main treatment is to invigorate the spleen and regulate Qi, tonify Qi, nourish Yin, and clear residual disease evil. There are certain differences between the Regional Schemes and the Nation Schemes, but the core prescription pattern of the former is consistent with the latter. The effectiveness of these 171 Chinese herbs include but are not limited to inhibiting COVID-19, strengthening immune system function, preventing heart failure, acting as antioxidants, oxidative stress inhibitory effects, maintaining organ function, and improving leukocyte survival. Conclusion: This study may help to improve understanding of TCM herbal prescription pattern, practices, reveal the efficacy of combinations of Chinese herbs, and provide new ideas for TCM treatment for COVID-19.

scholarly journals New Antimicrobials Based on the Adarotene Scaffold with Activity against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Salvatore Princiotto ◽  
Stefania Mazzini ◽  
Loana Musso ◽  
Fabio Arena ◽  
Sabrina Dallavalle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
Common Infections

The global increase in infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is severely impacting our ability to successfully treat common infections. Herein, we report the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis (including some MDR strains) of a panel of adarotene-related synthetic retinoids. In many cases, these compounds showed, together with favorable MICs, a detectable bactericidal effect. We found that the pattern of substitution on adarotene could be modulated to obtain selectivity for antibacterial over the known anticancer activity of these compounds. NMR experiments allowed us to define the interaction between adarotene and a model of microorganism membrane. Biological assessment confirmed that the scaffold of adarotene is promising for further developments of non-toxic antimicrobials active on MDR strains.

scholarly journals Hospital Microbiologic Culture Results to Predict the Use of Anti–methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s40-s40
Author(s):  
Hsiu Wu ◽  
Tyler Kratzer ◽  
Liang Zhou ◽  
Minn Soe ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Hospital Characteristics

Background: To provide a standardized, risk-adjusted method for summarizing antimicrobial use (AU), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the standardized antimicrobial administration ratio, an observed-to-predicted use ratio in which predicted use is estimated from a statistical model accounting for patient locations and hospital characteristics. The infection burden, which could drive AU, was not available for assessment. To inform AU risk adjustment, we evaluated the relationship between the burden of drug-resistant gram-positive infections and the use of anti-MRSA agents. Methods: We analyzed data from acute-care hospitals that reported ≥10 months of hospital-wide AU and microbiologic data to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) from January 2018 through June 2019. Hospital infection burden was estimated using the prevalence of deduplicated positive cultures per 1,000 admissions. Eligible cultures included blood and lower respiratory specimens that yielded oxacillin/cefoxitin–resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and ampicillin-nonsusceptible enterococci, and cerebrospinal fluid that yielded SA. The anti-MRSA use rate is the total antimicrobial days of ceftaroline, dalbavancin, daptomycin, linezolid, oritavancin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tedizolid, telavancin, and intravenous vancomycin per 1,000 days patients were present. AU rates were modeled using negative binomial regression assessing its association with infection burden and hospital characteristics. Results: Among 182 hospitals, the median (interquartile range, IQR) of anti-MRSA use rate was 86.3 (59.9–105.0), and the median (IQR) prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was 3.4 (2.1–4.8). Higher prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was associated with higher use of anti-MRSA agents after adjusting for facility type and percentage of beds in intensive care units (Table 1). Number of hospital beds, average length of stay, and medical school affiliation were nonsignificant. Conclusions: Prevalence of drug-resistant gram-positive infections was independently associated with the use of anti-MRSA agents. Infection burden should be used for risk adjustment in predicting the use of anti-MRSA agents. To make this possible, we recommend that hospitals reporting to NHSN’s AU Option also report microbiologic culture results.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Activity of Oritavancin Against Gram-positive Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections in the United States Over 10 Years: Focus on Drug-Resistant Enterococcal Subsets (2010-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia G. Carvalhaes ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Jennifer M. Streit ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Over Time

Oritavancin displayed potent and stable activity (MIC 90 range, 0.06-0.5 mg/L) over time (2010-2019) against Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant subsets of Enterococcus spp. Daptomycin and linezolid were also active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus . Only oritavancin and linezolid remained active against Enterococcus faecium isolates displaying an elevated daptomycin MIC (i.e., 2-4 mg/L). Proportions of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus within the respective S. aureus and enterococcal populations decreased over this period.

Simultaneous exposure to intracellular and extracellular photosensitizers for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney L. Drury ◽  
Anderson R. Miller ◽  
Clare L. Laut ◽  
Alec B. Walter ◽  
Monique R. Bennett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Soft Tissue Infections ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure

Staphylococcus aureus is a serious threat to public health due to the rise of antibiotic resistance in this organism, which can prolong or exacerbate skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium and a leading cause of SSTIs. As such, many efforts are underway to develop therapies that target essential biological processes in S. aureus . Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is effective alternative to antibiotics, therefore we developed an approach to simultaneously expose S. aureus to intracellular and extracellular photoactivators. A near infrared photosensitizer was conjugated to human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the S. aureus Isd heme acquisition proteins. Additionally, the compound VU0038882 was developed to increase photoactivatable porphyrins within the cell. Combinatorial PDT treatment of drug-resistant S. aureus exposed to VU0038882 and conjugated anti-Isd mAbs proved to be an effective antibacterial strategy in vitro and in a murine model of SSTIs.

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