scholarly journals Migrant Remittance and Household Expenditure Pattern in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Adenike Adeseye
Keyword(s):  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Pattern

scholarly journals DINAMIKA USAHA, PENDAPATAN DAN POLA PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI PETAMBAK GARAM DI DESA PINGGIRPAPAS, KECAMATAN KALIANGET, KABUPATEN SUMENEP

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azizi ◽  
Manadiyanto Manadiyanto ◽  
Sonny Koeshendrajana
Keyword(s):  
Junior High School ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Expenditure Patterns ◽  
Salt Production ◽  
Business Income ◽  
Status Level ◽  
Expenditure Pattern

Usaha garam berperan penting dalam pendapatan rumah tangga. Usaha garam tersebut mengalami fluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun, berakibat terhadap pendapatan dan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik sosial ekonomi dan dinamika usaha tambak garam, tingkat pendapatan dan pengeluaran dari berbagai sumber mata pencaharian. Metode survey digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 32 sampel responden diambil secara acak dan dimonitor secara periodik. Data primer dan sekunder digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik responden, tingkat pendapatan dan pola pengeluaran rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 46,87% responden usaha petambak garam berpendidikan setingkat SLTP dengan kisaran pengalaman usaha 10 sampai 20 tahun. Tanggungan keluarga petambak garam berkisar antara 3- 6 orang. Kepemilikan lahan tambak garam 70,60% milik sendiri dan sisanya sebagai penggarap. Pendapatan zpetambak garam pada tahun 2007 adalah Rp. 31.900.000 dan pendapatan pada tahun 2008 mengalami kenaikan menjadi Rp. 46.700.000, sedangkan tingkat pendapatan pada tahun 2009 petambak garam mengalami penurunan sekitar Rp.5.950.000 sehingga menjadi sebesar Rp. 40.750.000. Sumber pendapatan petambak garam yang hanya mengandalkan dari usaha garam, 53,13% patambak garam yang sumber pendapatannya dari garam dan perikanan adalah 28,12%, sedangkan petambak garam yang mata pencahariannya lebih dari dua adalah hanya 12,50%. Pengeluaran untuk konsumsi rumah tangga pada tahun 2008 adalah sebesar Rp.15.444.000/tahun sedangkan pada tahun 2009 mengalamikenaikan menjadi Rp. 19.624.000. Tittle: Dynamics of Business, income and expenditure patterns of Salt Farmers in Pinggirpapas Village, Kalianget of the Regency of Sumenep.Salts production business plays an important role in the household income. This type of business is continued to fluctuate from year to year. This situation affect on household’ revenue and expenditure. This research was aimed to analyse social and economic characteristics and dynamics of salt production business, level of income from various source of livelihood, and expenditure pattern of salt farmer household. A survey method was used in this study. Thirdty-two (32) respondent were randomly selected and monitored periodically. Primary and secondary data were collected. Data covered characteristic of respondents, business status, level of income and source and expenditure pattern of selected households. Results of the study illuetrated that educational level of salt farmer was mostly a junior high school (46.87%), while business experiences range from 10 to 20 years. Family size was relative large(3-6 person/household). 70.60% of respondents are owner, while the remaining ones are tenants. In 2007, salt farmer’s income was IDR 31.9 million, while in 2008 the income was increase to be IDR 46.7 million, then it was decreased by 5.95 million to become IDR 40.75 million. Salt farmer household who depended mainly on salt production business was 53.13%, while who depended on both salt business and fisheries and more than two source of income were 28.12% and 12.50%, respectively. In 2008, household expenditure of salt farmer was IDR 15.4 million, then it increased sharply to be IDR 19.6 million.

Zachowania nabywców na rynku certyfikowanej żywności dla niemowląt i małych dzieci

2016 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Dominika Kuberska ◽  
Karolina Suchta
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study was to unveil the specifics of consumer behavior on the certified baby food market, in particular with regard to their determinants. A questionnaire was used as a tool to conduct this study. A unique nature of the relationship between the buyer and the consumer on the market (a mother and a child) could have influenced the results obtained. Price is not the key determinant of behavior of buyers on the market. In addition, there is no correlation between the net income per capita and household expenditure on certified baby food.

scholarly journals Impact of price and non-price policies on household cigarette consumption and nutrient intake in smoking-tolerant Indonesia

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e039211
Author(s):  
Triasih Djutaharta ◽  
Nachrowi Djalal Nachrowi ◽  
Aris Ananta ◽  
Drajat Martianto
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cigarette Price ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Budget Share ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of cigarette price and smoking environment on allocation of household expenditure and its implication on nutrition consumption.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted using the 2014 National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS), the 2014 Village Potential Survey (PODES) and the 2013 Basic National Health Survey (RISKESDAS). SUSENAS and PODES data were collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics. RISKESDAS was conducted by National Institute of Health Research and Development (Balitbangkes), Indonesian Ministry of Health (MOH).Setting and participantsThe sample covered all districts in Indonesia; with sample size of 285 400 households. These households are grouped into low, medium and high smoking prevalence districts.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe impact of cigarette price and smoking environment on household consumption of cigarette, share of eight food groups, as well as calorie and protein intake.Result1% increase in cigarette price will increase the cigarette budget share by 0.0737 points and reduce the budget share for eggs/milk, prepared food, staple food, nuts, fish/meat and fruit, from 0.0200 points (eggs/milk) up to 0.0033 points (fruit). Reallocation of household expenditure brings changes in food composition, resulting in declining calorie and protein intake. A 1% cigarette price increase reduces calorie and protein intake as much as 0.0885% and 0.1052%, respectively. On the other hand, existence of smoke-free areas and low smoking prevalence areas reduces the household budget for cigarettes.ConclusionA pricing policy must be accompanied by non-pricing policies to reduce cigarette budget share.

scholarly journals Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Samuel López-López ◽  
Raúl del Pozo-Rubio ◽  
Marta Ortega-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Escribano-Sotos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
The Subject

Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households’ out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008–2015. Methods. The Household Budget Survey was used and catastrophic measures were estimated, classifying the households into those above the threshold of catastrophe versus below. Three ordered logistic regression models and margins effects were estimated. Results. The results reveal that, in 2008, 4.42% of Spanish households dedicated more than 40% of their income to financing out-of-pocket payments in health, with an average annual gap of EUR 259.84 (DE: EUR 2431.55), which in overall terms amounts to EUR 3939.44 million (0.36% of GDP). Conclusion. The findings of this study reveal the existence of catastrophic households resulting from OOP payments associated with health care in Spain and the need to design financial protection policies against the financial risk derived from facing these types of costs.

Relating Household Consumption Expenditures to Road Traffic Fatalities: A Rural–Urban Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110332
Author(s):  
Ruchika Agarwala ◽  
Vinod Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Traffic Fatality ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Relationship

Research shows that traffic fatality risk is generally higher in rural areas than in urban areas. In developing countries, vehicle ownership and investments in public transportation typically increase with economic growth. These two factors together increase the vehicle population, which in turn affects traffic safety. This paper presents a study focused on the relationship of various factors—including household consumption expenditure data—with traffic fatality in rural and urban areas and thereby aims to fill some of the gaps in the literature. One such gap is the impacts of personal and non-personal modes of travel on traffic safety in rural versus urban areas in developing countries which remains unexplored. An exhaustive panel data modeling approach is adopted. One important finding of this study is that evidence exists of a contrasting relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality in rural and urban areas. The relationship between household expenditure and traffic fatality is observed to be positive in rural areas and a negative in urban areas. Increases in most expenditure variables, such as fuel, non-personal modes of travel, and two-wheeler expenditures, are found to be associated with an increase in traffic fatality in rural areas.

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