Lack of Syndecan-1 produces significant alterations in whole-body composition, metabolism and glucose homeostasis in mice

ABSTRACT Growth factor receptor bound (Grb)10 and Grb14 are closely related adaptor proteins that bind directly to the insulin receptor (IR) and regulate insulin-induced IR tyrosine phosphorylation and signaling to IRS-1 and Akt. Grb10- and Grb14-deficient mice both exhibit improved whole-body glucose homeostasis as a consequence of enhanced insulin signaling and, in the case of the former, altered body composition. However, the combined physiological role of these adaptors has remained undefined. In this study we utilize compound gene knockout mice to demonstrate that although deficiency in one adaptor can enhance insulin-induced IRS-1 phosphorylation and Akt activation, insulin signaling is not increased further upon dual ablation of Grb10 and Grb14. Context-dependent limiting mechanisms appear to include IR hypophosphorylation and decreased IRS-1 expression. In addition, the compound knockouts exhibit an increase in lean mass comparable to Grb10-deficient mice, indicating that this reflects a regulatory function specific to Grb10. However, despite the absence of additive effects on insulin signaling and body composition, the double-knockout mice are protected from the impaired glucose tolerance that results from high-fat feeding, whereas protection is not observed with animals deficient for individual adaptors. These results indicate that, in addition to their described effects on IRS-1/Akt, Grb10 and Grb14 may regulate whole-body glucose homeostasis by additional mechanisms and highlight these adaptors as potential therapeutic targets for amelioration of the insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Thermoneutral housing does not influence fat mass or glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-18-0279 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 239 (3) ◽

pp. 313-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lewin Small ◽

Henry Gong ◽

Christian Yassmin ◽

Gregory J Cooney ◽

Amanda E Brandon

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Whole Body ◽

Housing Temperature ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Normal Chow ◽

Obesogenic Diet

One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J(Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.

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1971-P: Activation of Adipocyte Gq Signaling Causes Improved Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-1971-p ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1971-P

Author(s):

TAKEFUMI KIMURA ◽

SAI PRASAD PYDI ◽

LEI WANG ◽

YINGHONG CUI ◽

OKSANA GAVRILOVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Whole Body

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Impact of Kinanthropometric Differences According to Non-Professional Sports Activity Practiced

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5063

Author(s):

Daniel J. Navas Harrison ◽

Ana María Pérez Pico ◽

Raquel Mayordomo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Professional Sports ◽

Whole Body ◽

Lower Body ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Sedentary Population ◽

Activity Performance ◽

Amateur Athlete

Kinanthropometry allows us to analyze variations in physical dimensions and body composition. This study’s objective was to evaluate the kinanthropometric differences based on physical activity performance, depending on whether the lower body or the whole body is more or less potent and the differences with a sedentary population. We analyzed 131 individuals (74 men and 57 women), with an average age of 22.68 ± 2.98 years. We differentiated three populations: sedentary (n = 63), runners (n = 20), and basketball players (n = 48). Measurements and indices were obtained following the international protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results show differences between the populations regarding weight, height, wingspan, and certain perimeters, diameters, and morphotypes depending on the predominant training type and the sedentary population. These anthropometric measurements will allow the amateur athlete to compare between seasons or other moments of training, pay attention to their evolution, and assess the possibility of changes in training.

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Biomechanical Aspects of the Foot Arch, Body Balance and Body Weight Composition of Boys Training Football

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18095017 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 5017

Author(s):

Joanna M. Bukowska ◽

Małgorzata Jekiełek ◽

Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽

Tadeusz Ambroży ◽

Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Height ◽

Study Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Whole Body ◽

Training Methods ◽

Training Experience ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significance Level ◽

Body Balance

Background: The aim of the study is to assess the body balance and podological parameters and body composition of young footballers in the context of the control of football training. Methods: The study examined the distribution of the pressure of the part of the foot on the ground, the arch of the foot, and the analysis of the body composition of the boys. The pressure center for both feet and the whole body was also examined. The study involved 90 youth footballers from Olsztyn and Barczewo in three age groups: 8–10 years, 11–13 years old, and 14–16 years. The study used the Inbody 270 body composition analyzer and the EPSR1, a mat that measures the pressure distribution of the feet on the ground. Results: The results showed statistically significant differences in almost every case for each area of the foot between the groups of the examined boys. The most significant differences were observed for the metatarsal area and the left heel. In the case of stabilization of the whole body, statistically significant differences were noted between all study groups. In the case of the body composition parameters, in the examined boys, a coherent direction of changes was noticed for most of them. The relationships and correlations between the examined parameters were also investigated. The significance level in the study was set at p < 0.05. Conclusions: Under the training rigor, a statistically significant increase in stability was observed with age. The total length of the longitudinal arch of both feet of the examined boys showed a tendency to flatten in direct proportion to the age of the examined boys. Mean values of the body composition parameters reflect changes with the ontogenetic development, basic somatic parameters (body height and weight) and training experience, and thus with the intensity and volume of training. This indicates a correct training process that does not interfere with the proper development of the body in terms of tissue and biochemical composition.

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Differential Effects of Short-term Ketogenic, High Fat and Fructose-enriched Diets on Metabolic Parameters in Mice (P08-042-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-042-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Cortez ◽

John Solitro ◽

Brian Hong ◽

Emily Villarreal ◽

Gerardo Mackenzie

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Control Diet ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

High Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Source ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Glucose Levels

Abstract Objectives Dietary composition influences multiple facets of human health and is inextricably linked to chronic metabolic conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic (KD), a high fat (HF), and a fructose-enriched (FR) diets on glucose homeostasis, body composition and grip strength performance in mice. Methods Healthy C57BL/6 J mice (5–6 mice/group) were fed, either a control diet containing approximately 16% total calories from fat (CT), a diet containing 89% fat (KD), a diet with 50% total calories from fat (HF), or a diet with 32% fructose as carbohydrate source (FR). All diets contained 10% protein and all mice were fed ad libitum for 8 weeks. At baseline and 8 weeks, we evaluated body composition using NMR relaxometry, grip strength, non-fasting glucose levels, and ketone levels. In addition, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted by administering glucose by oral gavage (1 g/kg body weight) after 15 hour-fasting and blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Results All mice, irrespectively of their experimental diet groups, increased their body weight, fat mass and adiposity without significant differences among them. After 4 weeks, the HF (P < 0.05) and FR (P < 0.01) groups had significantly higher glucose levels than control. At 8 weeks, the KD groups showed an improved glucose homeostasis compared to CT group, as determined by OGTT. Moreover, compared to the CT group, grip strength performance increased (although did not reached significance) in the KD group (P = 0.054), and decreased in the FR group (P < 0.05). Moreover, when compared to their respective baseline values, grip strength performance increased in KD-fed mice and decreased in FR-fed mice, but differences among them were not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Conclusions Our preliminary findings indicate that altering macronutrient composition can lead to metabolic and physiological changes. Among the three diets tested, the KD showed an improved glucose utilization and better grip strength performance in mice. Additional mechanistic studies are warranted to better understand these metabolic differences among the experimental diets. Funding Sources funds from the University of California, Davis.

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Dietary protein and lipid concentrations affect the growth, nutritional indices, and whole-body composition of long-whisker catfish, Mystus gulio, fry

Aquaculture International ◽

10.1007/s10499-021-00738-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rooprekha Khatua ◽

Kedar Nath Mohanta ◽

Nitish Kumar Chandan ◽

Rojalin Pattanayak ◽

Choudhury Suryakant Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Whole Body ◽

Nutritional Indices

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Application of standards and models in body composition analysis

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665115004206 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Manfred J. Müller ◽

Wiebke Braun ◽

Maryam Pourhassan ◽

Corinna Geisler ◽

Anja Bosy-Westphal

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Compartment Model ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Whole Body ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Body Composition Analysis ◽

Physical Functions ◽

Body Components

The aim of this review is to extend present concepts of body composition and to integrate it into physiology. In vivo body composition analysis (BCA) has a sound theoretical and methodological basis. Present methods used for BCA are reliable and valid. Individual data on body components, organs and tissues are included into different models, e.g. a 2-, 3-, 4- or multi-component model. Today the so-called 4-compartment model as well as whole body MRI (or computed tomography) scans are considered as gold standards of BCA. In practice the use of the appropriate method depends on the question of interest and the accuracy needed to address it. Body composition data are descriptive and used for normative analyses (e.g. generating normal values, centiles and cut offs). Advanced models of BCA go beyond description and normative approaches. The concept of functional body composition (FBC) takes into account the relationships between individual body components, organs and tissues and related metabolic and physical functions. FBC can be further extended to the model of healthy body composition (HBC) based on horizontal (i.e. structural) and vertical (e.g. metabolism and its neuroendocrine control) relationships between individual components as well as between component and body functions using mathematical modelling with a hierarchical multi-level multi-scale approach at the software level. HBC integrates into whole body systems of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic and renal functions. To conclude BCA is a prerequisite for detailed phenotyping of individuals providing a sound basis for in depth biomedical research and clinical decision making.

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Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Iron Status of Female Collegiate Swimmers and Divers

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.16.3.281 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 281-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Heidi L. Petersen ◽

C. Ted Peterson ◽

Manju B. Reddy ◽

Kathy B. Hanson ◽

James H. Swain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Iron Status ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Whole Body ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

X Ray

This study determined the effect of training on body composition, dietary intake, and iron status of eumenorrheic female collegiate swimmers (n = 18) and divers (n = 6) preseason and after 16 wk of training. Athletes trained on dryland (resistance, strength, fexibility) 3 d/wk, 1.5 h/d and in-water 6 d/wk, nine, 2-h sessions per week (6400 to 10,000 kJ/d). Body-mass index (kg/m2; P = 0.05), waist and hip circumferences (P ≤ 0.0001), whole body fat mass (P = 0.0002), and percentage body fat (P ≤ 0.0001) decreased, whereas lean mass increased (P = 0.028). Using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, we found no change in regional lean mass, but fat decreased at the waist (P = 0.0002), hip (P = 0.0002), and thigh (P = 0.002). Energy intake (10,061 ± 3617 kJ/d) did not change, but dietary quality improved with training, as refected by increased intakes of fber (P = 0.036), iron (P = 0.015), vitamin C (P = 0.029), vitamin B-6 (P = 0.032), and fruit (P = 0.003). Iron status improved as refected by slight increases in hemoglobin (P = 0.046) and hematocrit (P = 0.014) and decreases in serum transferrin receptor (P ≤ 0.0001). Studies are needed to further evaluate body composition and iron status in relation to dietary intake in female swimmers.

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Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2−/− mice

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-15-0444 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 228 (3) ◽

pp. 127-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amanda E Brandon ◽

Ella Stuart ◽

Simon J Leslie ◽

Kyle L Hoehn ◽

David E James ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Knockout Mice ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Insulin Action ◽

Metabolic Phenotype ◽

Whole Body

An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12–16 weeks). The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. At 42–54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2−/− mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. Consistent with younger Acc2−/− mice, aged Acc2−/− mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2−/− mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. Hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. Housing Acc2−/− mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action.

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