COMPARISON OF DIURNAL BIRDS OF PREY COMMUNITY BETWEEN NATURAL AND ANTHROPIZED ENVIRONMENTS IN HIGHLAND GRASSLANDS OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRAZIL

The highland grasslands, characteristic of the mountain region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, have been used historically for several commercial purposes, including extensive livestock, forestry, and agriculture. The biodiversity has a high endemism, but there is a lack of studies on various animal and plant groups. Birds of prey are a great group to assess environmental quality, as they are top predators. This study aimed to test if the diurnal birds of prey community is changing due to the replacement of native grasslands by other human economic activities. We surveyed birds of prey at 12 sampling points from August 2018 to June 2019, including protected grasslands and livestock grasslands, agricultural, and forestry areas. We obtained 1,582 records of birds of prey of 17 species, and the highest richness and number of records, were obtained in the protected grasslands (17 spp.; 393 records) and livestock grasslands (15 spp.; 434 records), followed by agriculture (13 spp.; 418 records) and forestry areas (9 spp.; 337 records). There was a significant difference in the richness of birds of prey in the protected grasslands, livestock grasslands and agriculture areas over the forestry areas. In the number of records, there was a significant difference between livestock grasslands and agriculture areas over forestry areas. This study showed that the conversion of native grassland areas, mainly by forestry, affects the composition of the diurnal birds of prey community, especially the rarest and most endangered species.

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Rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho, no Rio Grande do Sul, não difere entre eventos El Niño Oscilação Sul

Agrometeoros ◽

10.31062/agrom.v26i1.26376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ronaldo Matzenauer ◽

Bernadete Radin ◽

Alberto Cargnelutti Filho

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Rio Grande ◽

La Niña ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

La Nina ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Income Data ◽

The Relationship

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre o fenômeno El Niño Oscilação Sul - ENOS e o rendimento de grãos de soja e de milho no Rio Grande do Sul e verificar a hipótese de que os eventos El Niño são favoráveis e os eventos La Niña são prejudiciais ao rendimento de grãos das culturas. Foram utilizados dados de rendimento de grãos dos anos agrícolas de 1974/75 a 2016/17, e relacionados com as ocorrências de eventos ENOS. Foram analisados os dados de rendimento observados na colheita e os dados estimados com a remoção da tendência tecnológica. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa do rendimento médio de grãos de soja e de milho na comparação entre os eventos ENOS. Palavras-chave: El Niño, La Niña, safras agrícolas. Abstract – The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon with the grain yield of soybean and maize in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil and to verify the hypothesis that the El Niño events are favorable and the La Niña events are harmful to the culture’s grain yields. Were used data from the agricultural years of 1974/75 to 2016/17, and related to the occurrence of ENOS events. We analyzed income data observed at harvest and estimated data with technological tendency was removed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average yield of soybeans and corn in the comparison between events.

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Diversity and spatial distribution of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Ijuí river drainage basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

EntomoBrasilis ◽

10.12741/ebrasilis.v12i2.845 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Tieli Cláudia Menzel ◽

Sirlei Maria Hentges ◽

David Augusto Reynalte Tataje ◽

Milton Norberto Strieder

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Drainage Basin ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Principal Component ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Black Flies ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract. In southern Brazil there are several problems regarding the hematophageal activity of black flies, and the information on the distribution of species are still insufficient. In this study, our main goals were to recognize Simuliidae species and to analyze abiotic factors regarding the distribution of immature stages (larva and pupa) in streams from the Ijuí River basin, Northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We sampled simulids specimens in 27 study sites, covering three regions (high, intermediate and low altitude). Concomitantly, we recorded abiotic factors in the studied sites, such as: temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, atmospheric pressure, pH, altitude and stream width. For data analysis, we performed Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Analysis of Indicator Species and Canonical Correspondence (CCA). A total of 10 species of black Flies was recorded. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz and Simulium orbitale Lutz were the most frequent. There was no significant difference in richness and density of the species between the different regions studied, except for Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. The sampled environments were segregated according to the location within the basin, and only S. jujuyense was considered an indicator species of the upper region. These results can be explained by the homogeneous conditions of the Ijuí River basin, which have suffered anthropogenic pressure mainly due to agricultural activities, resulting in losses in local aquatic biodiversity. Also, it may indicate that the control must be conducted considering the basin as a whole, and not only as isolated stretches of the streams.Diversidade e distribuição espacial de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, BrasilResumo. No sul do Brasil existem problemas com atividade hematofágica de borrachudos e as informações referentes à distribuição das espécies ainda são insuficientes. O presente estudo visa reconhecer as espécies de Simuliidae e analisar fatores abióticos quanto a distribuição dos estágios imaturos (larva e pupa) em riachos da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, no Noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados simulídeos em 27 pontos de estudo, cobrindo três regiões da bacia (alta, intermediária e baixa altitude). Concomitantemente, foi feito o registro de fatores abióticos nos trechos estudados, tais como: temperatura, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, pressão atmosférica, pH, altitude e largura do riacho. Foram realizadas análises de Kruskal-Wallis ou ANOVA, Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), Análise de Espécie Indicadora e de Correspondência Canônica (CCA). Foi registrado um total de 10 espécies de Simuliidae. Simulium pertinax Kollar, Simulium incrustatum Lutz e Simulium orbitale Lutz foram as mais frequentes. Não ocorreu diferença na riqueza e na densidade das espécies entre as diferentes regiões estudadas, exceto para Simulium jujuyense Paterson & Shannon. Os ambientes nos pontos de amostragem foram segregados de acordo com a sua localização na bacia, e apenas S. jujuyense foi considerada uma espécie indicadora da região alta. Tais resultados podem ser explicados pelas condições homogêneas da Bacia do Rio Ijuí, que vêm sofrendo pressão antropogênica principalmente devido às atividades agrícolas, resultando em perdas na biodiversidade aquática local. Também, indicam que o controle deve ser realizado considerando a bacia como um todo e não apenas em trechos isolados dos riachos.

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Balantidium coli in Pigs of Distinct Animal Husbandry Categories and Different Hygienic-Sanitary Standards in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.80041 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luís Antonio Sangioni ◽

Sônia De Avila Botton ◽

Fernanda Ramos ◽

Gustavo Cauduro Cadore ◽

Silvia Gonzales Monteiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Physiological State ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Natural Reservoir ◽

Swine Farms ◽

Balantidium Coli ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stool Samples

Background: Balantidium coli is a commensal protozoan that infects several animals, but it has pigs as its natural reservoir. In the presence of predisposing factors, B. coli can become pathogenic for swine, causing enteric lesions. Infections determined by this protozoan may be a risk to public health, due to dysentery in animal keepers and veterinarians. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of infection by B. coli in pigs of distinct husbandry categories, as well as unlike physiological state, kept in farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards, located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Stool samples were collected from 12 different farms with different hygienic-sanitary standards being four farms of finisher pigs (G1; n = 287), four farms with pregnant females (G2; n = 60) and four farms with lactation sows (G3; n = 40), and all samples were submitted to coproparasitological analyses to verify the presence of cysts or trophozoites of B. coli. The infection levels were considered mild (1-100 cyst/trophozoite), moderate (101300 cyst/trophozoite) and high (>300 cysts/trophozoite). In addition, information about hygienic-sanitary conditions of each farm was collected. The occurrence of B. coli infection in all swine stool samples analyzed was 60.9% (236/387); however, in G1, G2 and G3 was 54.7% (157/287), 91.7% (55/60) and 65% (26/40) respectively. There was significant difference in the occurrence of G1 (P < 0.05) except between farms B and C (67.9% and 56.6% respectively). There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the occurrence of B. coli found in G2 and G3. The infection levels were considered predominantly mild in G1; and mild to moderate in G2 and G3.Discussion: In this research it was confirmed the presence of B. coli in swine farms located in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State in Brazil. This area is known as being an important producer of pigs in Brazil. The results obtained in this study, demonstrated that swine farms with better hygienic and sanitary standards, had mild infections by B. coli. However, the presence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoa, can occur even in properties with good management practices. However, protozoa infections can cause important production losses, especially when associated with other pathogens or nutritional problems. The occurrence of B. coli observed in pregnant (G2) and lactating (G3) females was significant, and the infection level was mild to moderate. These conditions suggest that pregnancy, childbirth and lactation are critical stages for females, mainly due to physiological stress, resulting in a change in the hormonal levels and immune status of the animals. Thus, these factors cause declines in the immune response of pigs making them susceptible to infections and the increase of cyst excretion of B. coli in feces. The abundance of protozoan cysts in feces contaminates the environment and increases the risk of infections in humans. In addition, it was demonstrated the occurrence of B. coli in an important site of swine production in RS, Brazil. B. coli is related to the physiological state of the animals and the hygienic and sanitary management in different categories of swine. In conclusion, this study highlights the epidemiological importance of swine as natural reservoir of Balantidium coli and the risk potential of infection to animals and humans. Additionally, sanitary program in farming pigs must be improved in order to guarantee healthy and food-safe product for consumers.

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PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2020v25n1p143-159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 143-159

Author(s):

Wellington Mezzomo ◽

Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽

Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽

Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽

Rogerio Ricalde Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Sudan Grass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sorghum Sudanense ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Water Depths

PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1 WELLINGTON MEZZOMO2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA4; JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER5; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES6 e BRUNA DALCIN PIMENTA7 1 Trabalho retirado da tese intitulada: “Viabilidade técnica e econômica da produção de forragem do capim sudão irrigado por aspersão convencional”, do autor Wellington Mezzomo2 2 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected] 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected]. 7 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestre, Professora do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected]. 1 RESUMO As pastagens cultivadas são a forma mais prática e viável economicamente para alimentação bovina, entretanto, na região sul do Brasil no período de primavera-verão a qualidade e a disponibilidade forrageira decaem em razão da irregularidade pluvial, fazendo-se necessária a utilização da irrigação. O capim Sudão (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo vem se destacando em relação as demais gramíneas de verão, porém o suprimento hídrico ótimo ainda é desconhecido, pois as pesquisas divergem sobre os resultados. O objetivo, foi avaliar a produtividade do capim Sudão sob diferentes lâminas e determinar a eficiência na utilização da água em dois anos de cultivo (2015/2016 e 2016/2017). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, baixo o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco lâminas de água, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e tratamento testemunha sem irrigação, todos com quatro repetições. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os distintos tratamentos, sendo determinado a máxima eficiência técnica para produção de massa seca e eficiência de utilização da água, no Ano 1 as lâminas de água foram 103,1% e 73,6% da ETo respectivamente e no Ano 2 foram as lâminas com 120,8% e 95,6% da ETo. Keywords: evapotranspiração de referência, massa seca, BRS Estribo. MEZZOMO, W.; PEITER, M. X.; ROBAINA, A. D.; KIRCHNER, J. H.; TORRES, R. R.; PIMENTA, B. D. FORAGE PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IN THE UTILIZATION OF WATER IN SUDAN GRASS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS 2 ABSTRACT Cultivated pastures are the most practical and economically viable way to feed cattle, however, in southern Brazil, during spring-summer, forage quality and availability decline due to rainfall irregularity, irrigation is required. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo has been outstanding in relation to the other summer grasses, however the optimal water supply is still unknown, as research diverges about the results. The objective was to evaluate the yield of Sudan grass under different depths and to determine the efficiency in the utilization of water, in two years of cultivation (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). The experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, under a randomized block design with five water depths, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration and control treatment without irrigation, all with four repetitions. There was a statistically significant difference for the different treatments, being determined the maximum efficiency technique for dry mass production and efficiency in the utilization of water, in Year 1 the water depths were 103.1% and 73.6% of ETo respectively, and in Year 2 depths were 120.8% and 95.6% of ETo. Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, dry mass, BRS Estribo.

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Caracterização do conhecimento de pecuaristas gaúchos da serra do sudeste sobre o carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus

Revista Agraria Academica ◽

10.32406/v4n5/2021/114-129/agrariacad ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 114-129

Author(s):

Karine Moreira Krause ◽

◽

Sandra Márcia Tietz Marques ◽

José Fernando Piva Lobato ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Tick Control ◽

Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Bovine Babesiosis ◽

Native Grasslands ◽

Late Control ◽

Tick Borne Disease ◽

Cattle Ranchers ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The purpose of this research project was to determine knowledge of the Rhipicephalus microplus tick among seventy cattle ranchers in the Caçapava do Sul and Lavras do Sul municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State, through completing a structured questionnaire. The replies to the questions on the land areas covered by the properties show that 27%, 26%, 21.5%, 20% and 5.5% cover more than 500 hectares, between 150 and 300 hectares, between 300 and 500 hectares, between 50 and 150 hectares, and under 50 hectares, respectively; 75% of the ranchers are raising more than 100 head of cattle; 84.3% have cultivated grazing pastures and 15.7% have only native grasslands; 87.14% of the ranchers rated bovine babesiosis as the main tick-borne disease, and 76% checked out tick control products recommended by veterinarians. They mentioned 13 formulations and/or associations of tick control products. The tick control biogram test is a new tool for 58.6% of these cattle ranchers. Producers use late control, based on tick control chemicals.

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Cadmium concentrations in franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) from south brazilian coast

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592007000300002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 179-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Paulo Renato Dorneles ◽

José Lailson-Brito ◽

Eduardo Resende Secchi ◽

Manuela Bassoi ◽

Catarina Pereira Coutinho Lozinsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rio Grande ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weight One ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽

Source Of Information ◽

Electrothermal Aas ◽

Janeiro State

Franciscana dolphins were used as source of information on the bioavailability of cadmium in the neritic waters off South Brazilian Coast. Liver samples obtained from 44 individuals incidentally captured off Rio Grande do Sul State were analyzed by electrothermal AAS. Cadmium concentrations, age, total weight and length of the analyzed dolphins varied between 39 and 4144 µg.kg-1 (wet weight), one and five years, 17.5 and 49.2 kg, and between 105.3 and 156.8 cm, respectively. Concerning hepatic cadmium concentrations of franciscanas, there was no significant difference between data raised by the present study and information from literature, regarding Rio de Janeiro State. The low cadmium concentrations observed may be attributed to the fact that loliginid squids constitute the main cephalopod prey for franciscanas. This study corroborates investigations on cadmium levels in Brazilian squids and strengthened the hypothesis that cephalopods of Loliginidae Family do not constitute important vectors of the transfer of cadmium to cetaceans.

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SIMULAÇÃO DE DESBASTE EM POVOAMENTO DE Hovenia dulcis MEDIANTE DENDROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE DENSIDADE

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v40i3.18927 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Gerson Luiz Selle ◽

Elisabete Vuaden ◽

Luiz Antônio Jacques de Albernard ◽

Evaldo Muñoz Braz

Keyword(s):

Central Region ◽

Rio Grande ◽

High Variability ◽

The Other ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Density Method ◽

Dominant Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Regression Adjustment ◽

Hovenia Dulcis

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de estudar a densidade e simular intervenções, por meio de dendrogramas de manejo de densidade, em uma população de Hovenia dulcis localizada na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, foram utilizados dados de diâmetro de copa e de fuste, coletados em três estratos: dominante, intermediário e dominado, pelo método da Densidade Pontual de Spurr, num povoamento de aproximadamente 1,3 hectares de uva do Japão com 25 anos de idade. Devido o local de coleta das informações apresentar grande variação na altura dominante, este foi dividido em Sítios I e II. Entre os estratos verificou-se que somente ocorreu diferença estatística significativa entre o estrato dominante do Sítio I e os demais de ambos os sítios. O coeficiente angular do ajuste das linhas de densidade ficaram estabelecidos, para o estrato dominante do Sítio I em -2,492 e, para os demais, em -1,085. A melhor forma de conduzir o povoamento seria aplicando um desbaste, se o mesmo fosse formado somente por árvores com dimensões semelhantes às do estrato dominante do Sítio I, e quatro intervenções se fosse constituído somente de indivíduos pertencentes aos demais estratos.Palavras-chave: Sítio; modelo de Reineke; desbaste. AbstractThinning simulation in Hovenia dulcis population trough density management dendrogram. The main objective of this study was to simulate density and interventions through density management dendrogram in a population of Hovenia dulcis located in the central region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It was utilized Data from crown and stem diameters, collected in three types of tree stratum dominant, intermediate, and dominant, through the Punctual Density Method developed by Spurr, in a stand of approximately 1.3 hectares of Hovenia dulcis 25 years old were used. Due to the high variability in the trees dominant height the area was divided into two sites, I and II. The results showed that statistic significant difference was detected only between the dominant stratum of site I, and the other strata on both sites. The angular coefficients of the regression adjustment of the density lines were -2.492 for the site I dominant stratum and -1.085 for the others. It was also observed that the best way to manage the stand would be one thinning, if it was formed only by trees with similar dimensions of the dominant stratum of Site I, and four thinnings if the site was composed by individuals belonging to the other strata.Keywords: Site; Reineke model; thinning.

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Rio Grande do sul in the Portuguese Empire: The Formative Years, 1777-1808

The Americas A Quarterly Review of Latin American History ◽

10.1017/s0003161500050203 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 519-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Rudy Bauss

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Colonial Period ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Portuguese Empire ◽

Formative Years

This analysis and survey of economic activities in Rio Grande do Sul aim to shed new light on the crucial importance of the southernmost captaincy to overall Brazilian development at the close of the colonial period. Rio Grande do Sul was unique in economic growth, compared to the Center-South, Northeast and North, because the extreme South produced for a variety of markets: the internal Brazilian, the internal Portuguese, the Portuguese reexport to Europe and the Rio de Janeiro reexport to Angola. This market diversification made Rio Grande do Sul less dependent on the commercial vagaries of any particular geographical area. The focus of this article is the importance of economic growth in Rio Grande do Sul prior to 1808.

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Spatial and Temporal Description of Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine Rabies in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.81212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Carla Rosane Rodenbusch ◽

José Carlos Ferreira ◽

Julio César Almeida da Rosa ◽

Victória Furtado Migliavacca ◽

Angélica Cavalheiro Bertagnolli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Population Density ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Incidence

Background: Rabies remains one of the most important zoonosis worldwide and in Brazil. In the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) the disease is one of the main causes of death in bovine herds. The confirmation of suspected rabies cases upon clinical examination depends on specific laboratory diagnosis. The Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor (IPVDF) is the reference laboratory in RS to diagnose rabies. The objective of the present study was to present a spatial-temporal description of diagnostic procedures of rabies in cattle in the years 2011 to 2015 in RS.Materials, Methods & Results: The results of diagnosis procedures of rabies in cattle carried out in the Laboratory of Virology, IPVDF, between January 2011 and December 2015 were listed. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and biological assays for confirming rabies cases were used. Cattle population density per area of a municipality, as well as date, species involved, location of suspected case, and diagnosis were obtained from exams and from official rabies record, and input to a spreadsheet file. Spatial distribution maps of cattle rabies confirmed in laboratory and cattle population density per municipality were constructed using the software TerraView 4.2.2 (INPE). In the study period, 998 samples of brains of cattle presenting neurological symptoms compatible with rabies, of which 582 (58%) were confirmed in the laboratory. The frequency of positive cases on a yearly basis varied between 41 and 65%, with statistically lower number of positives in 2011 (P > 0.05). The annual incidence of rabies for a population of 10,000,000 bovines was 33, 88, 112, 108, and 79, respectively, for the years 2011 to 2015, in that order. A positive correlation was observed between the number of samples analyzed and the incidence of positive cases in the study period, and statistically significant difference in incidence between years (P > 0.05). Samples were from 175 municipalities, of which 114 (65%) had at least one confirmed rabies case and 61 did not have any. The five municipalities that sent most samples for analysis were Viamão (n = 66), Montenegro (n = 40), Camaquã (n = 39), Gravataí (n = 38), and São Lourenço do Sul (n = 37). The spatial distribution of rabies in cattle in a year did not follow a defined pattern, though most cases confirmed in the laboratory occurred in the greater Porto Alegre region and in southeast RS.Discussion: High incidence of rabies was observed in 2012 and 2013, and in the two following years the number of cases confirmed in laboratory remained high, compared with 2011. The high incidence of rabies cases confirmed in laboratory correlated with the number of samples analyzed. The fall in vaccine coverage during the study period may also have prompted the increase in suspected cases and in the number of samples examined in the laboratory. A large number of the municipalities presenting rabies cases in cattle was in the greater Porto Alegre region and in southeast RS, which are areas of high and intermediate risk for the disease, according to a previous epidemiological modeling study. The spatial distribution of positive cases was not associated with the cattle population density. The large number of rabies in cattle in RS underscores the importance of the disease and the high risk of exposure, both to humans and animals. The results presented herein may help define control and prevention actions against rabies in RS.

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Satisfação e ajuste à prótese de indivíduos com amputação de membro inferior

Scientia Medica ◽

10.15448/1980-6108.2019.1.33075 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 33075

Author(s):

Aline Beatriz Córdova De Souza ◽

Lisiane Piazza Luza ◽

Greicy Kelly Wosniak Pires ◽

Elizandra Gonçalves Ferreira ◽

Sara Maria Soffiatti Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Lower Limb Amputation ◽

Limb Amputation ◽

Residual Limb ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Traumatic Amputation ◽

Inferential Statistics ◽

Evaluation Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference

AIMS: Evaluate satisfaction and adjustment to the prosthesis of individuals with lower limb amputation.METHODS: Participants were 24 patients with lower limb amputation with 46,1±17,5 years and using the prosthesis for 10,8±8,7 years. A card was used to characterize the individuals and the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ) to evaluate satisfaction and adjustment to the prosthesis. Data were collected from institutions that serving amputees in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics at a 5% significance level.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the results of the PEQ between individuals when compared to the level of amputation and time using the prosthesis. Regarding the scores between groups with vascular and traumatic amputation, was a significant difference in residual limb health subscale, with higher scores and consequently better health of the residual limb in amputees with vascular causes, besides better higher scores on the scale of satisfaction in these individuals.CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that patients with a vascular cause of amputation are more satisfied with their prosthesis, with the way they walk and how things are from amputation and also have better health of the residual limb in relation to individuals with traumatic amputation. However, the level and time of amputation do not seem to influence the satisfaction and adjustment of the prosthesis.

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