scholarly journals Contribution of Viral Respiratory Infections to Dengue-Like Illness Presentation at a Community Clinic in Southern Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amreeta Dhanoa ◽  
Chin Fang Ngim ◽  
Nor’azim Mohd Yunos ◽  
Syed M. Tupur Husain ◽  
Lian Yih Pong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

This study explored the contribution of viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in dengue-like illness (DLI) patients and their distinguishing clinicolaboratory parameters. Two hundred DLI patients were prospectively recruited (1 July–1 October 2019) from a community clinic in Southern Malaysia. Patients ≥18 years with acute fever and fulfilling the WHO criteria of probable dengue were recruited. They underwent blood testing: blood counts, rapid dengue tests (nonstructural antigen-1/IgM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and Leptospira. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected for FilmArray®RP2plus testing. From the 200 NPSs, 58 respiratory viruses (RVs) were detected in 54 patients. Of the 96 dengue-confirmed cases, 86 had dengue mono-infection, and 10 were coinfected with RVs. Of the 104 nondengue, 44 were RV positive and 4 Leptospira positive. Zika and chikungunya virus were not detected. Overall, the etiological diagnosis was confirmed for 72% of patients. Clinicolaboratory parameters were compared between dengue mono-infection and VRI mono-infection. Patients with coinfections were excluded. Multiple logistic regression showed that recent household/neighborhood history of dengue (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.9, 95% CI = 1.7–20.7), leukopenia (aOR: 12.5, 95% CI = 2.6–61.4) and thrombocytopenia (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI = 1.3–23.0) predicted dengue. Inversely, rhinorrhoea (aOR: 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01–0.3) and cough (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9) favored VRI. Thus, VRIs comprise many infections diagnosed initially as DLIs. Early clinicolaboratory parameters can guide physicians screen patients for further testing.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mitigation strategies were associated with decreases in other respiratory virus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinha Pranay ◽  
Katherine Reifler ◽  
Michael Rossi ◽  
Manish Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Detection of diverse respiratory viruses in Boston was around 80% lower after practices were instituted to limit COVID-19 spread compared to the same time period during the previous five years. Continuing the strategies that lower COVID-19 dissemination may be useful in decreasing the incidence of other viral respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Possible role of highly activated mucosal NK cells against viral respiratory infections in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vela ◽  
Teresa del Rosal ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Jaime Valentín ◽  
Inmaculada Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractInfection is the leading cause of non-relapse-related mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Altered functions of immune cells in nasal secretions may influence post HSCT susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. In this prospective study, we determined T and NK cell numbers together with NK activation status in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) in HSCT recipients and healthy controls using multiparametric flow cytometry. We also determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of 16 respiratory viruses. Samples were collected pre-HSCT, at day 0, +10, +20 and +30 after HSCT. Peripheral blood (PB) was also analyzed to determine T and NK cell numbers. A total of 27 pediatric HSCT recipients were enrolled and 16 of them had at least one viral detection (60%). Rhinovirus was the most frequent pathogen (84% of positive NPAs). NPAs of patients contained fewer T and NK cells compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0132 and p = 0.120, respectively). Viral PCR + patients showed higher NK cell number in their NPAs. The activating receptors repertoire expressed by NK cells was also higher in NPA samples, especially NKp44 and NKp46. Our study supports NK cells relevance for the immune defense against respiratory viruses in HSCT recipients.

scholarly journals Enisamium Reduces Influenza Virus Shedding and Improves Patient Recovery by Inhibiting Viral RNA Polymerase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis ◽  
Tatiana G. Zubkova ◽  
Megan Shaw ◽  
Andrew Mehle ◽  
David Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Infections with respiratory viruses constitute a huge burden on our health and economy. Antivirals against some respiratory viruses are available, but further options are urgently needed. Enisamium iodide (laboratory code FAV00A, trade name Amizon) is an antiviral, marketed in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the treatment of viral respiratory infections, but its clinical efficacy and mode of action are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of enisamium in patients aged between 18 and 60 years with confirmed influenza virus and other viral respiratory infections. Enisamium treatment resulted in reduced influenza virus shedding (at day 3, 71.2% in the enisamium group tested negative versus 25.0% in placebo group [P < 0.0001]), faster patient recovery (at day 14, 93.9% in the enisamium group had recovered versus 32.5% in placebo group [P < 0.0001]), and reduced disease symptoms (from 9.6 ± 0.7 to 4.6 ± 0.9 score points in enisamium group versus 9.7 ± 1.1 to 5.6 ± 1.1 score points in placebo group [P < 0.0001]) compared to those in the placebo group. Using mass spectrometry, and cell-based and cell-free viral RNA synthesis assays, we identified a hydroxylated metabolite of enisamium, VR17-04. VR17-04 is capable of inhibiting influenza virus RNA synthesis and is present in plasma of patients treated with enisamium. VR17-04 inhibits the activity of the influenza virus RNA polymerase more potently than its parent compound. Overall, these results suggest that enisamium is metabolized in humans to an inhibitor of the influenza virus RNA polymerase that reduces viral shedding and improves patient recovery in influenza patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04682444.)

Comparison of symptoms of influenza A with abacavir-associated hypersensitivity reaction

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Keiser ◽  
Naiel Nassar ◽  
Daniel Skiest ◽  
Charla Andrews ◽  
Beena Yazdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reaction ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Differentiation between abacavir hypersensitivity and viral respiratory infections is problematic. Fifteen cases of abacavir hypersensitivity were matched to 30 controls with culture proven influenza A with no abacavir exposure. Rash was associated with hypersensitivity (odds ratio [OR] = 13.1, P = 0.02) as was the presence of nausea (OR = 30, P < 0.001), vomiting (OR = 17.1, P = 0.001) or diarrhoea (OR = 22, P < 0.001). The number of gastrointestinal symptoms was also predictive of hypersensitivity reaction ( P < 0.001). Respiratory symptoms (cough, sore throat, or dyspnoea) were not associated with abacavir hypersensitivity (OR = 0.08, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the following associations for abacavir hypersensitivity: the number of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 8.6, P = 0.0032), cough (OR = 0.039, P = 0.02) and rash (OR = 16.9, P = 0.07). Abacavir hypersensitivity is strongly associated with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Cough without GI symptoms is associated with influenza.

scholarly journals Extensive multiplex PCR diagnostics reveal new insights into the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2064-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NICKBAKHSH ◽  
F. THORBURN ◽  
B. VON WISSMANN ◽  
J. McMENAMIN ◽  
R. N. GUNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYViral respiratory infections continue to pose a major global healthcare burden. At the community level, the co-circulation of respiratory viruses is common and yet studies generally focus on single aetiologies. We conducted the first comprehensive epidemiological analysis to encompass all major respiratory viruses in a single population. Using extensive multiplex PCR diagnostic data generated by the largest NHS board in Scotland, we analysed 44230 patient episodes of respiratory illness that were simultaneously tested for 11 virus groups between 2005 and 2013, spanning the 2009 influenza A pandemic. We measured viral infection prevalence, described co-infections, and identified factors independently associated with viral infection using multivariable logistic regression. Our study provides baseline measures and reveals new insights that will direct future research into the epidemiological consequences of virus co-circulation. In particular, our study shows that (i) human coronavirus infections are more common during influenza seasons and in co-infections than previously recognized, (ii) factors associated with co-infection differ from those associated with viral infection overall, (iii) virus prevalence has increased over time especially in infants aged <1 year, and (iv) viral infection risk is greater in the post-2009 pandemic era, likely reflecting a widespread change in the viral population that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Enisamium reduces influenza virus shedding and improves patient recovery by inhibiting viral RNA polymerase activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Zubkova ◽  
Aartjan J.W. te Velthuis ◽  
Megan Shaw ◽  
Andrew Mehle ◽  
David Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractInfections with respiratory viruses constitute a huge burden on our health and economy. Antivirals against some respiratory viruses are available, but further options are urgently needed. Enisamium iodide (laboratory code FAV00A, trade name Amizon®) is an antiviral marketed in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the treatment of viral respiratory infections, but its clinical efficacy and mode of action are not well understood. Here, we investigated the efficacy of FAV00A in patients aged between 18-60 years with confirmed influenza and other viral respiratory infections. FAV00A treatment resulted in reduced influenza virus shedding (at day 3, 71.2% in FAV00A group tested negative versus 25.0% in placebo group, p < 0.0001), faster patient recovery (at day 14, 93.9% in FAV00A group had recovered versus 32.5 % in placebo group, p < 0.0001), and reduced disease symptoms compared to placebo (from 9.6 ± 0.7 to 4.6 ± 0.9 score points in FAV00A group versus 9.7 ± 1.1 to 5.6 ± 1.1 score points in placebo group, p < 0.0001). Using mass-spectrometry, and cell-based and cell-free viral RNA synthesis assays, we identified a hydroxylated metabolite of FAV00A, VR17-04. VR17-04 is capable of inhibiting influenza virus RNA synthesis and present in plasma of patients treated with FAV00A. VR-17-04 inhibits the activity of the influenza virus RNA polymerase more potently than its parent compound. Overall, these results suggest that FAV00A is metabolized in humans to an inhibitor of the influenza virus RNA polymerase that reduces viral shedding and improves patient recovery in influenza patients.Clinical data are available on ClincalTrials.gov under NCT04682444.

scholarly journals Characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who require hospitalisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 2001875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Beurnier ◽  
Etienne-Marie Jutant ◽  
Mitja Jevnikar ◽  
Athénaïs Boucly ◽  
Jérémie Pichon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

BackgroundViral respiratory infections are the main causes of asthma exacerbation. The susceptibility of patients with asthma to develop an exacerbation when they present with severe pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of asthmatic patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia who required hospitalisation during the spring 2020 outbreak in Paris, France.MethodsA prospective cohort follow-up was carried out from 15 March to 15 April 2020 in Bicêtre Hospital, University Paris-Saclay, France. All hospitalised patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who reported a history of asthma were included.ResultsAmong 768 hospitalised patients, 37 (4.8%) reported a history of asthma, which had been previously confirmed by a pulmonologist in 85% of cases. These asthmatic patients were mainly female (70%) and nonsmokers (85%), with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range (IQR) 42–67 years). None of them presented with an asthma exacerbation. 22 (59%) had major comorbidities and 31 (84%) had a body mass index ≥25 kg·m−2. The most common comorbidities were obesity (36%), hypertension (27%) and diabetes (19%). All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia on computed tomography of the chest. Eosinopenia was a typical biological feature with a median count of 0 cells·mm−3 (IQR 0–0 cells·mm−3). 11 patients (30%) were admitted into the intensive care unit, with three deaths (8.1%) occurring in the context of comorbidities.ConclusionAsthma patients were not overrepresented among those with severe pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospitalisation. The worst outcomes were observed mainly in patients with major comorbidities.

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