scholarly journals Extensive multiplex PCR diagnostics reveal new insights into the epidemiology of viral respiratory infections

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (10) ◽  
pp. 2064-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NICKBAKHSH ◽  
F. THORBURN ◽  
B. VON WISSMANN ◽  
J. McMENAMIN ◽  
R. N. GUNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

SUMMARYViral respiratory infections continue to pose a major global healthcare burden. At the community level, the co-circulation of respiratory viruses is common and yet studies generally focus on single aetiologies. We conducted the first comprehensive epidemiological analysis to encompass all major respiratory viruses in a single population. Using extensive multiplex PCR diagnostic data generated by the largest NHS board in Scotland, we analysed 44230 patient episodes of respiratory illness that were simultaneously tested for 11 virus groups between 2005 and 2013, spanning the 2009 influenza A pandemic. We measured viral infection prevalence, described co-infections, and identified factors independently associated with viral infection using multivariable logistic regression. Our study provides baseline measures and reveals new insights that will direct future research into the epidemiological consequences of virus co-circulation. In particular, our study shows that (i) human coronavirus infections are more common during influenza seasons and in co-infections than previously recognized, (ii) factors associated with co-infection differ from those associated with viral infection overall, (iii) virus prevalence has increased over time especially in infants aged <1 year, and (iv) viral infection risk is greater in the post-2009 pandemic era, likely reflecting a widespread change in the viral population that warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 mitigation strategies were associated with decreases in other respiratory virus infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinha Pranay ◽  
Katherine Reifler ◽  
Michael Rossi ◽  
Manish Sagar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Detection of diverse respiratory viruses in Boston was around 80% lower after practices were instituted to limit COVID-19 spread compared to the same time period during the previous five years. Continuing the strategies that lower COVID-19 dissemination may be useful in decreasing the incidence of other viral respiratory infections.

The Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare-Associated Infection Prevention in Pediatrics: Viral Respiratory Infections

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (S1) ◽  
pp. S22-S26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
Aaron M. Milstone ◽  
W. Charles Huskins ◽  
Kristina A. Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Pediatric Infection ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Viral respiratory infections pose a significant challenge to pediatric infection prevention programs. We explore issues regarding the prevention of viral respiratory infections by discussing transmission of influenza A virus, isolation of infected patients, and hospital programs for influenza vaccination.

scholarly journals Possible role of highly activated mucosal NK cells against viral respiratory infections in children undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vela ◽  
Teresa del Rosal ◽  
Antonio Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Jaime Valentín ◽  
Inmaculada Casas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

AbstractInfection is the leading cause of non-relapse-related mortality after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Altered functions of immune cells in nasal secretions may influence post HSCT susceptibility to viral respiratory infections. In this prospective study, we determined T and NK cell numbers together with NK activation status in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) in HSCT recipients and healthy controls using multiparametric flow cytometry. We also determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the presence of 16 respiratory viruses. Samples were collected pre-HSCT, at day 0, +10, +20 and +30 after HSCT. Peripheral blood (PB) was also analyzed to determine T and NK cell numbers. A total of 27 pediatric HSCT recipients were enrolled and 16 of them had at least one viral detection (60%). Rhinovirus was the most frequent pathogen (84% of positive NPAs). NPAs of patients contained fewer T and NK cells compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0132 and p = 0.120, respectively). Viral PCR + patients showed higher NK cell number in their NPAs. The activating receptors repertoire expressed by NK cells was also higher in NPA samples, especially NKp44 and NKp46. Our study supports NK cells relevance for the immune defense against respiratory viruses in HSCT recipients.

scholarly journals The prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201
Author(s):  
Adrian Jarzynski ◽  
Agata Dubas ◽  
Malgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Viruses that cause respiratory tract infections are the most common agents of infectious diseases in humans throughout the world. A virus that infects the respiratory system, may induce various clinical symptoms. What is more, the same symptoms may be caused by different viruses. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of enteroviruses that cause respiratory infections in patients with influenzavirus A/H1N1 hospitalized in the Lublin province. The experimental material was throat and nose swabs taken from patients hospitalized in Lublin and Tomaszow Lubelski. In the group of 44 patients (20 women and 24 men) infected with influenza A/H1N1, the genetic material of enteroviruses was detected in 13 patients (29.5%). Respiratory viruses co-infections are very common in hospitalized patients. Studies show that co-infection with influenza virus and enterovirus are more common in children than in adults. Moreover, viral respiratory tract infections are independent from the patients’ gender.

Viral respiratory infections during the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in the West Midlands Region, UK

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. TANNER ◽  
M. D. CURRAN ◽  
E. H. BOXALL ◽  
H. OSMAN
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

SUMMARYIn spring 2009 a new strain of influenza A(H1N1) emerged and caused a worldwide pandemic. This study utilized a large collection of respiratory specimens from suspected cases of influenza A(H1N1) in the UK West Midlands during the pandemic in order to investigate which other respiratory viruses were circulating and whether they played any role in the increased hospitalization rates seen during that period. Study specimens were selected from community and hospitalized patients positive and negative for influenza A(H1N1) and tested by PCR for other respiratory viruses. A number of infections diagnosed as influenza during the summer influenza outbreak were found to be due to other virus infections (most commonly rhinovirus). No statistically significant difference was found between the rates of respiratory virus co-infection with H1N1 in patients from community or hospital locations suggesting underlying factors were likely to be more significant than viral co-infections in determining severity of influenza A(H1N1) disease.

scholarly journals Enisamium Reduces Influenza Virus Shedding and Improves Patient Recovery by Inhibiting Viral RNA Polymerase Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis ◽  
Tatiana G. Zubkova ◽  
Megan Shaw ◽  
Andrew Mehle ◽  
David Boltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

ABSTRACT Infections with respiratory viruses constitute a huge burden on our health and economy. Antivirals against some respiratory viruses are available, but further options are urgently needed. Enisamium iodide (laboratory code FAV00A, trade name Amizon) is an antiviral, marketed in countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States for the treatment of viral respiratory infections, but its clinical efficacy and mode of action are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of enisamium in patients aged between 18 and 60 years with confirmed influenza virus and other viral respiratory infections. Enisamium treatment resulted in reduced influenza virus shedding (at day 3, 71.2% in the enisamium group tested negative versus 25.0% in placebo group [P < 0.0001]), faster patient recovery (at day 14, 93.9% in the enisamium group had recovered versus 32.5% in placebo group [P < 0.0001]), and reduced disease symptoms (from 9.6 ± 0.7 to 4.6 ± 0.9 score points in enisamium group versus 9.7 ± 1.1 to 5.6 ± 1.1 score points in placebo group [P < 0.0001]) compared to those in the placebo group. Using mass spectrometry, and cell-based and cell-free viral RNA synthesis assays, we identified a hydroxylated metabolite of enisamium, VR17-04. VR17-04 is capable of inhibiting influenza virus RNA synthesis and is present in plasma of patients treated with enisamium. VR17-04 inhibits the activity of the influenza virus RNA polymerase more potently than its parent compound. Overall, these results suggest that enisamium is metabolized in humans to an inhibitor of the influenza virus RNA polymerase that reduces viral shedding and improves patient recovery in influenza patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT04682444.)

scholarly journals 1332. Clinical Indicators for When Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) Is Needed Beyond Nasopharyngeal Swab (NP) Testing for Viral Respiratory Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S754-S754
Author(s):  
Patrizia Ulrich ◽  
Derrick Chen
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Gi Symptoms ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background This study evaluated the yield of testing NP vs BAL specimens using a multiplex PCR respiratory viral panel (RVP). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on all patients from 10/2017-3/2021 who had both an NP swab and BAL tested by RVP within a 4-week period. Results There were 477 cases where patients had both an NP and BAL specimen tested by RVP. Results were NP-/BAL- for 361 (76%) cases, NP+/BAL+ for 58 (12%), NP-/BAL+ for 40 (8%), and NP+/BAL- for 18 (4%). For NP+/BAL+, NP-/BAL+, and NP+/BAL-, respectively, rhinovirus was detected in 23 (40%), 3 (8%), and 16 (89%) cases (p&lt; 0.001); influenza A or B in 9 (16%), 7 (18%), and 0 (0%) (ns); adenovirus in 3 (5%), 10 (25%), and 2 (11%) (p&lt; 0.05); metapneumovirus in 9 (16%), 8 (20%), 2 (11%) (ns); RSV in 8 (14%), 6 (15%), and 1 (6%) (ns); and, parainfluenza in 7 (12%), 6 (15%), and 1 (6%) (ns), respectively. Average ages were 48, 48, and 48 years; numbers of males were 34 (58%), 28 (70%), and 11 (61%); immunocompromised were 56 (97%), 37 (92%), and 17 (94%); and, 16 (28%), 10 (25%), and 6 (33%) had an active malignancy, respectively (all ns). Average symptom durations prior to presentation were 7.0, 13.1, and 9.6 days (ns); pulmonary exams were abnormal in 35 (60%), 24 (60%), and 5 (28%) cases (p&lt; 0.05); shortness of breath (SOB) was present in 40 (69%), 25 (62%), and 8 (44%) (ns); lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms were absent in 1 (2%), 12 (30%), and 8 (45%) cases (p&lt; 0.01); when spirometry values were available, they were reduced in 28/31 (90%), 15/19 (79%), and 3/8 (37%) cases (p&lt; 0.05); and, mean SpO2 levels were 91.5%, 93.9%, and 93.7% (ns), respectively. Mean temperatures were 99.0F, 99.0F, and 99.1F (ns); chills, sweats, and malaise were present in 27 (47%), 13 (33%), and 3 (17%) cases (p&lt; 0.05); GI symptoms were present in 20 (34%), 5 (13%), and 10 (56%) cases (p&lt; 0.05); and, acute kidney injury was present in 38 (66%), 13 (33%), and 6 (33%) cases (p&lt; 0.05), respectively. Conclusion Most (88%) RVP test results were concordant between NP and BAL. There were significant differences between cases of NP+/BAL+, NP-/BAL+, and NP+/BAL-. Rhinovirus and GI symptoms were more common for NP+/BAL- vs NP-/BAL+. Conversely, pulmonary exams were more often abnormal and spirometry values reduced for NP-/BAL+ vs NP+/BAL-. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Contribution of Viral Respiratory Infections to Dengue-Like Illness Presentation at a Community Clinic in Southern Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amreeta Dhanoa ◽  
Chin Fang Ngim ◽  
Nor’azim Mohd Yunos ◽  
Syed M. Tupur Husain ◽  
Lian Yih Pong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Community Clinic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Respiratory

This study explored the contribution of viral respiratory infections (VRIs) in dengue-like illness (DLI) patients and their distinguishing clinicolaboratory parameters. Two hundred DLI patients were prospectively recruited (1 July–1 October 2019) from a community clinic in Southern Malaysia. Patients ≥18 years with acute fever and fulfilling the WHO criteria of probable dengue were recruited. They underwent blood testing: blood counts, rapid dengue tests (nonstructural antigen-1/IgM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and Leptospira. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPSs) were collected for FilmArray®RP2plus testing. From the 200 NPSs, 58 respiratory viruses (RVs) were detected in 54 patients. Of the 96 dengue-confirmed cases, 86 had dengue mono-infection, and 10 were coinfected with RVs. Of the 104 nondengue, 44 were RV positive and 4 Leptospira positive. Zika and chikungunya virus were not detected. Overall, the etiological diagnosis was confirmed for 72% of patients. Clinicolaboratory parameters were compared between dengue mono-infection and VRI mono-infection. Patients with coinfections were excluded. Multiple logistic regression showed that recent household/neighborhood history of dengue (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.9, 95% CI = 1.7–20.7), leukopenia (aOR: 12.5, 95% CI = 2.6–61.4) and thrombocytopenia (aOR: 5.5, 95% CI = 1.3–23.0) predicted dengue. Inversely, rhinorrhoea (aOR: 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01–0.3) and cough (aOR: 0.3, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9) favored VRI. Thus, VRIs comprise many infections diagnosed initially as DLIs. Early clinicolaboratory parameters can guide physicians screen patients for further testing.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Respiratory Pathogens in Children with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection and Impact of the Multiplex PCR Film Array Respiratory Panel: A 2-Year Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Asmae Lamrani Hanchi ◽  
Morad Guennouni ◽  
Meriem Rachidi ◽  
Toufik Benhoumich ◽  
Hind Bennani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Wide Range

Sever acute respiratory infections (SARIs) are a public health issue that are common in children and are associated with an important morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. Although SARI are mainly caused by viruses, they are still a cause of antibiotic overuse. The use of molecular methods especially real-time multiplex PCR allowed to detect a wide range of respiratory viruses and their subtype as well as some atypical bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens detected in children admitted with SARI and to highlight the role of real-time multiplex PCR in the rapid diagnosis of viral and bacterial SARI. This work is a descriptive observational study from January 2018 to December 2019 including nasopharyngeal secretions collected from 534 children hospitalised in paediatric department. The detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria was performed by the FilmArray® Respiratory Panel. A total of 387 (72.5%) children were tested positive for at least one respiratory pathogen, and 23.3% of them were coinfected with more than one pathogen. Viral aetiology was found in 91.2% (n = 340). The most common viruses detected were HRV (n = 201) and RSV (n = 124), followed by PIV (n = 35) influenza A (n = 29) and human metapneumovirus (n = 27). Bacteria was found in 8.8% (n = 47), and Bordetella pertussis was the most detected. Respiratory syncytial virus and Bordetella pertussis were significantly higher in infants less than 6 months old. The detection of RSV and influenza A presented a pic in winter, and HMPV was statistically significant in spring ( p < 0.01 ). This study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens involved in severe respiratory infections in children that were affected by several factors such as season and age group. It also highlighted the importance of multiplex PCR in confirming viral origin, thus avoiding irrational prescription of antibiotics in paediatric settings.

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