GEM Ternary Blends: Testing Iso-Stoichiometric Mixtures of Gasoline, Ethanol and Methanol in a Production Flex-Fuel Vehicle Fitted with a Physical Alcohol Sensor

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W G Turner ◽  
Richard J Pearson ◽  
Mark A McGregor ◽  
John M Ramsay ◽  
Eelco Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Alcohol Sensor ◽  
Flex Fuel

Morphological behavior of compatibilized ternary blends prepared by mechanical mixing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1200-1201
Author(s):  
S.D. Smith ◽  
R.J. Spontak ◽  
D.H. Melik ◽  
S.M. Buehler ◽  
K.M. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Diblock Copolymers ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Covalently Bonded ◽  
Homopolymer Blends ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Low Entropy

When blended together, homopolymers A and B will normally macrophase-separate into relatively large (≫1 μm) A-rich and B-rich phases, between which exists poor interfacial adhesion, due to a low entropy of mixing. The size scale of phase separation in such a blend can be reduced, and the extent of interfacial A-B contact and entanglement enhanced, via addition of an emulsifying agent such as an AB diblock copolymer. Diblock copolymers consist of a long sequence of A monomers covalently bonded to a long sequence of B monomers. These materials are surface-active and decrease interfacial tension between immiscible phases much in the same way as do small-molecule surfactants. Previous studies have clearly demonstrated the utility of block copolymers in compatibilizing homopolymer blends and enhancing blend properties such as fracture toughness. It is now recognized that optimization of emulsified ternary blends relies upon design considerations such as sufficient block penetration into a macrophase (to avoid block slip) and prevention of a copolymer multilayer at the A-B interface (to avoid intralayer failure).

Processing and Characterization of Polyphenylene Ether/Polystyrene/Nylon-6 Ternary Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hadimani ◽  
H. N. Narasimha Murthy ◽  
R. Mudbidre
Keyword(s):  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Ternary Blends

Dinâmicas recentes do setor sucroenergético no Brasil: competitividade regional para o bioma Cerrado

GEOgraphia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Flex Fuel ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

A partir do início da década de 2000, o setor sucroenergético se difundiu rapidamente em porçõesselecionadas do território brasileiro, motivado pelo crescimento exponencial do consumo de etanol (etanol hidratado para motores flex fuel no Brasil e etanol anidro para misturar à gasolina em diversos países). Esta expansão tem desencadeado importantes implicações geográficas, econômicas e sociais em diferentes escalas, decorrentes da incessante busca pela competitividade do açúcar e do etanol brasileiros nos mercados internacionais. Com o objetivo de melhor compreender essa situação através de uma perspectiva geográfica, propomos desenvolver quatro pontos: 1) uma análise das características intrínsecas do setor sucroenergético (i. e., restrições à estocagem da matéria-prima, ciclo vegetativo-econômico da cana-de-açúcar, flexibilidade produtiva das usinas/destilarias, cogeração de energia elétrica, queima da palha da cana-de-açúcar para a colheita manual); 2) uma descrição da dinâmica recente do setor no território brasileiro; 3) uma discussão sobre o conceito de competitividade e sua dimensão geográfica e uma proposta metodológica de identificação das regiões competitivas agroindustriais do setor sucroenergético no Brasil; 4) um esboço da expansão do setor no Cerrado do Centro-Oeste, destacando a emergência de duas regiões produtivas com grande potencial competitivo: as mesorregiões Sul Goiano e Sudoeste do Mato Grosso do Sul.

Particulate matter emissions from flex-fuel vehicles with direct fuel injection

2021 ◽  
pp. 101078
Author(s):  
Luiz C. Daemme ◽  
Renato Penteado ◽  
Rodrigo S. Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo R. Errera ◽  
Sergio M. Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Flex Fuel ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Organic Semiconductor:Insulator Polymer Ternary Blends for Photovoltaics

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (35) ◽  
pp. 4093-4097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby A. M. Ferenczi ◽  
Christian Müller ◽  
Donal D. C. Bradley ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
Jenny Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Blends

scholarly journals Chitosan/Gelatin/PVA Scaffolds for Beta Pancreatic Cell Culture

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2372
Author(s):  
Yesenia Sánchez-Cardona ◽  
Claudia E. Echeverri-Cuartas ◽  
Marta E. Londoño López ◽  
Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Pancreatic Cell ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Swelling Rate

Chitosan scaffolds based on blending polymers are a common strategy used in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was evaluation the properties of scaffolds based on a ternary blend of chitosan (Chi), gelatin (Ge), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) (Chi/Ge/PVA), which were prepared by cycles of freeze-thawing and freeze-drying. It then was used for three-dimensional BRIN-BD11 beta-cells culturing. Weight ratios of Chi/Ge/PVA (1:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:3:1, and 3:2:1) were proposed and porosity, pore size, degradation, swelling rate, compressive strength, and cell viability analyzed. All ternary blend scaffolds structures are highly porous (with a porosity higher than 80%) and interconnected. The pore size distribution varied from 0.6 to 265 μm. Ternary blends scaffolds had controllable degradation rates compared to binary blend scaffolds, and an improved swelling capacity of the samples with increasing chitosan concentration was found. An increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength was observed with increasing gelatin concentration. The highest compressive strength reached 101.6 Pa. The MTT assay showed that the ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 supported cell viability better than the binary blend scaffold. Therefore, these results illustrated that ternary blends scaffolds P3 and P4 could provide a better environment for BRIN-BD11 cell proliferation.

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