Unsettled Aspects of Insourcing and Outsourcing Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Slattery ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Multiple Scenarios

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” has transitioned from concepts and prototypes to part-for-part substitution—and now to the creation of part geometries that can only be made using AM. As a wide range of mobility OEMs begin to introduce AM parts into their products, the question between insourcing and outsourcing the manufacturing of AM parts has surfaced. Just like parts made using other technologies, AM parts can require significant post-processing operations. Therefore, as AM supply chains begin to develop, the sourcing of AM part building and their post-processing becomes an unsettled and important issue. Unsettled Aspects of Insourcing and Outsourcing Additive Manufacturing discusses the approaches and trade-offs of the different sourcing options for production hardware for multiple scenarios, including both metallic and polymer technologies and components.

3D Technology – Additive Manufacturing Applications and Prospects (Vol. 24, No. 9, Full Issue)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (09) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Real World ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Real World Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Applications

For the month of September 2020, APBN dives into the world of 3D printing and its wide range of real-world applications. Keeping our focus on the topic of the year, the COVID-19 pandemic, we explore the environmental impact of the global outbreak as well as gain insight to the top 5 vaccine platforms used in vaccine development. Discover more about technological advancements and how it is assisting innovation in geriatric health screening.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Biopolymers for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine: An Overview, Potential Applications, Advancements, and Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhinakaran Veeman ◽  
M. Swapna Sai ◽  
P. Sureshkumar ◽  
T. Jagadeesha ◽  
L. Natrayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three-dimensional (3D) printing has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Due to their biocompatibility, bioactiveness, and biodegradability, biopolymers such as collagen, alginate, silk fibroin, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, and starch are used in a variety of fields, including the food, biomedical, regeneration, agriculture, packaging, and pharmaceutical industries. The benefits of producing 3D-printed scaffolds are many, including the capacity to produce complicated geometries, porosity, and multicell coculture and to take growth factors into account. In particular, the additional production of biopolymers offers new options to produce 3D structures and materials with specialised patterns and properties. In the realm of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM), important progress has been accomplished; now, several state-of-the-art techniques are used to produce porous scaffolds for organ or tissue regeneration to be suited for tissue technology. Natural biopolymeric materials are often better suited for designing and manufacturing healing equipment than temporary implants and tissue regeneration materials owing to its appropriate properties and biocompatibility. The review focuses on the additive manufacturing of biopolymers with significant changes, advancements, trends, and developments in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with potential applications.

Hybrid Metal 3D Printing for Selective Polished Surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 1027 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Sze Yi Mak ◽  
Kwong Leong Tam ◽  
Ching Hang Bob Yung ◽  
Wing Fung Edmond Yau
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Metal 3D Printing ◽  
Critical Challenge ◽  
Metal Additive

Metal additive manufacturing has found broad applications in diverse disciplines. Post processing to homogenize and improve surface finishing remains a critical challenge to additive manufacturing. We propose a novel one-stop solution of adopting hybrid metal 3D printing to streamlining the additive manufacturing workflow as well as to improve surface roughness quality of selective interior surface of the printed parts. This work has great potential in medical and aerospace industries where complicated and high-precision additive manufacturing is anticipated.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Preoperative Medical Models Made by 3D Printing or Additive Manufacturing

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Salmi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Model Reconstruction ◽  
3D Model Reconstruction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Printing Processes ◽  
Binder Jetting

Most of the 3D printing applications of preoperative models have been focused on dental and craniomaxillofacial area. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the possibilities in other application areas and give examples of the current possibilities. The approach was to communicate with the surgeons with different fields about their needs related preoperative models and try to produce preoperative models that satisfy those needs. Ten different kinds of examples of possibilities were selected to be shown in this paper and aspects related imaging, 3D model reconstruction, 3D modeling, and 3D printing were presented. Examples were heart, ankle, backbone, knee, and pelvis with different processes and materials. Software types required were Osirix, 3Data Expert, and Rhinoceros. Different 3D printing processes were binder jetting and material extrusion. This paper presents a wide range of possibilities related to 3D printing of preoperative models. Surgeons should be aware of the new possibilities and in most cases help from mechanical engineering side is needed.

scholarly journals Additive technologies in military affairs

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Stepan A. Peleshok ◽  
Aleksandr Ya. Fisun ◽  
Andrey V. Morozov ◽  
Sergey V. Kalinin ◽  
Marina I. Eliseeva
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
The Creation

In order to determine the features and main ways of using additive technologies within the framework of the scientific and business program of the International Military-Technical Forum Army-2020, a round table was held. In recent years, additive technologies have made a significant leap forward thanks to the improvement of electronic computing technology and software (software), the creation of a wide range of 3D printers that print using various modern methods and materials. The following industries are leading in the development of 3D printing as consumers: aircraft construction (33%), nuclear industry (30%), military-industrial complex (13%), as well as medicine (11%), education, etc. The summary contains part of the speeches of the speakers of the scientific event on the use of additive technologies in education and medicine. To achieve Russias position as one of the leaders in the global technology market, a network of educational institutions is developing and the provision of educational institutions with 3D printers. The countrys universities and, in particular, Bauman Moscow State Technical University began to develop professional competencies among graduates in the field of additive technologies, materials and equipment. Other universities use reverse engineering for research and development, the launch of new production. In medicine, models of complex elements of the human skeleton are created, in particular, individual bones and various projections of the skull, bones of the spine, hand and foot, as well as some models of organs from hard and semi-soft plastics to improve the educational process. The capabilities of 3D printing of mock-ups of organ pathologies are used for preoperative planning and rehearsal of an operation in thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, as well as for training students and doctors, modeling hemodynamics and testing medical devices. Alternative materials and methods for making splints and splints for fixing injuries and diseases of the upper limb are considered. To create ceramic products in dentistry, instead of injection molding and pressing, the technology of Lithography-based Ceramics Manufacturing printing with a suspension on foreign equipment was proposed. Three-dimensional printing has partially filled the need for personal protective equipment against the new coronavirus infection, in particular through the creation of reusable masks, various adapters, holders of face masks, linings on door handles, etc. The participants of the round table agreed that the results of scientific and innovative activities in the field of additive technologies should be tested, implemented and used in the educational process, practical activities, including military medicine (bibl.: 6 refs).

scholarly journals Classification of X-Ray Attenuation Properties of Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Materials Using Computed Tomography From 70 to 140 kVp

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjie Ma ◽  
Martin Buschmann ◽  
Ewald Unger ◽  
Peter Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Energy Dependence ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Diagnostic Image Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wide Range

Additive manufacturing and 3D printing is particularly useful in the production of phantoms for medical imaging applications including determination and optimization of (diagnostic) image quality and dosimetry. Additive manufacturing allows the leap from simple slab and stylized to (pseudo)-anthropomorphic phantoms. This necessitates the use of materials with x-ray attenuation as close as possible to that of the tissues or organs mimicked. X-ray attenuation properties including their energy dependence were determined for 35 printing materials comprising photocured resins and thermoplastic polymers. Prior to measuring x-ray attenuation in CT from 70 to 140 kVp, printing parameters were thoroughly optimized to ensure maximum density avoiding too low attenuation due to microscopic or macroscopic voids. These optimized parameters are made available. CT scanning was performed in a water filled phantom to guarantee defined scan conditions and accurate HU value determination. The spectrum of HU values covered by polymers printed using fused deposition modeling reached from −258 to +1,063 at 120 kVp (−197 to +1,804 at 70 kVp, to −266 to +985 at 140 kVp, respectively). Photocured resins covered 43 to 175 HU at 120 kVp (16–156 at 70, and 57–178 at 140 kVp). At 120 kVp, ASA mimics water almost perfectly (+2 HU). HIPS (−40 HU) is found close to adipose tissue. In all photocurable resins, and 17 printing filaments HU values decreased with increasing beam hardness contrary to soft tissues except adipose tissue making it difficult to mimic water or average soft tissue in phantoms correctly over a range of energies with one single printing material. Filled filaments provided both, the HU range, and an appropriate energy dependence mimicking bone tissues. A filled material with almost constant HU values was identified potentially allowing mimicking soft tissues by reducing density using controlled under-filling. The measurements performed in this study can be used to design phantoms with a wide range of x-ray contrasts, and energy dependence of these contrasts by combining appropriate materials. Data provided on the energy dependence can also be used to correct contrast or contrast to noise ratios from phantom measurements to real tissue contrasts or CNRs.

scholarly journals Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Polymers

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
John Ryan C. Dizon ◽  
Ciara Catherine L. Gache ◽  
Honelly Mae S. Cascolan ◽  
Lina T. Cancino ◽  
Rigoberto C. Advincula
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an advancement over traditional formative manufacturing methods. It can increase efficiency in manufacturing operations highlighting advantages such as rapid prototyping, reduction of waste, reduction of manufacturing time and cost, and increased flexibility in a production setting. The additive manufacturing (AM) process consists of five steps: (1) preparation of 3D models for printing (designing the part/object), (2) conversion to STL file, (3) slicing and setting of 3D printing parameters, (4) actual printing, and (5) finishing/post-processing methods. Very often, the 3D printed part is sufficient by itself without further post-printing processing. However, many applications still require some forms of post-processing, especially those for industrial applications. This review focuses on the importance of different finishing/post-processing methods for 3D-printed polymers. Different 3D printing technologies and materials are considered in presenting the authors’ perspective. The advantages and disadvantages of using these methods are also discussed together with the cost and time in doing the post-processing activities. Lastly, this review also includes discussions on the enhancement of properties such as electrical, mechanical, and chemical, and other characteristics such as geometrical precision, durability, surface properties, and aesthetic value with post-printing processing. Future perspectives is also provided towards the end of this review.

scholarly journals Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Helen A. Little ◽  
Nagendra G. Tanikella ◽  
Matthew J. Reich ◽  
Matthew J. Fiedler ◽  
Samantha L. Snabes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a Distributed Recycling for Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, for the first time, rPET water bottle flake is processed using only an open source toolchain with Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF) or Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) processing rather than first converting it to filament. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting, and heating (and their sequential combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then 3D printing tests were performed on the rPET flake with two different feed systems: an external feeder and feed tube augmented with a motorized auger screw, and an extruder-mounted hopper that enables direct 3D printing. Two Gigabot X machines were used, each with the different feed systems, and one without and the latter with extended part cooling. 3D print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization, and both systems were shown to 3D print rPET directly from shredded water bottles. Mechanical testing showed the importance of isolating rPET from moisture and that geometry was important for uniform extrusion. The mechanical strength of 3D-printed parts with FPF and inconsistent flow is lower than optimized fused filament, but adequate for a wide range of applications. Future work is needed to improve consistency and enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.

Sustainable near UV-curable acrylates based on natural phenolics for stereolithography 3D printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1067-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ding ◽  
Yuyang Du ◽  
Rebecca B. Goncalves ◽  
Lorraine F. Francis ◽  
Theresa M. Reineke
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Uv Curable ◽  
Wide Range

Photocured polymers have recently gained tremendous interest for a wide range of applications especially industrial prototyping/additive manufacturing. This work aims to develop natural phenolic-based (meth)acrylates to expand the use of sustainable and mechanically robust 3D printable formulations.

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing, Modeling and Performance Evaluation of 3D Printed Fins for Surfboards

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 913-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reece D. Gately ◽  
Stephen Beirne ◽  
Geoff Latimer ◽  
Matthew Shirlaw ◽  
Buyung Kosasih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Fibre Glass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Aided Design

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate that Additive Manufacturing (3D printing) is a viable approach to rapidly prototype personalised fins for surfboards. Surfing is an iconic sport that is extremely popular in coastal regions around the world. We use computer aided design and 3D printing of a wide range of composite materials to print fins for surfboards, e.g. ABS, carbon fibre, fibre glass and amorphous thermoplastic poly(etherimide) resins. The mechanical characteristics of our 3D printed fins were found to be comparable to commercial fins. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to calculate longitudinal (drag) and tangential (turning) forces, which are important for surfboard maneuverability, stability and speed. A commercial tracking system was used to evaluate the performance of 3D printed fins under real-world conditions (i.e. surfing waves). These data showed that the surfing performance of surfboards with 3D printed fins is similar to that of surfboards with commercial fins.

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