The Executive Dysfunctions Most Commonly Associated with Multiple Sclerosis and Their Impact on Occupational Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Preston ◽  
Richard Hammersley ◽  
Helen Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions

Introduction: The relationship between executive dysfunction and functional status in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) is not fully understood. This study attempts to provide empirical evidence of the executive dysfunctions most commonly associated with MS and to develop an understanding of the impact of this on occupational performance. Method: This cross-sectional study explores the relationships between an MS group (n = 69) and a healthy control group (n = 30) using the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Results: More than a third of people with MS experienced some impairment of executive function sufficient to interfere with occupational performance. The most commonly occurring problems included planning, problem solving, behavioural regulation, lack of insight, apathy and lack of motivation. Executive function deficits were evident from the early stages of the disease, although participants with a secondary progressive form of MS appeared to demonstrate greater difficulties. Conclusion: While the Behavioural Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome may reliably identify the presence of executive dysfunction within this clinical population it does not inform clinicians of the impact on occupational performance. Self-reported executive function demonstrates heightened awareness of occupational performance deficits and may lead to more accurate reporting of executive dysfunction. The impact of depression, fatigue and anxiety, however, requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Recurrent Criminal Behavior and Executive Dysfunction

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fernando Santos Barbosa ◽  
Luis Manuel Coelho Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dysexecutive Syndrome ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective:To experimentally test the hypothesis that people who repeatedly participate in forms of non-violent crime exhibit an executive deficit detected in tests of high ecological validity, having changes in prefrontal functioning as neurophysiologic basis.Participants and Methods:A battery to assess executive dysfunction was administered – the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) –to an experimental group of 30 inmates convicted of crimes against property (mean age = 39.3, SD =9.98), and a control group of 30 (mean age = 32.7, SD = 11.8), all male.Results:The group of recurrent inmates performed significantly worse than the control group in their global scores on the battery, as well as in the majority of subscales.Conclusion:Without removing from consideration the fact that sample size was not very large and, primarily, alerting ourselves to the dangerous hypothesis of a “frontal criminogenesis,” the authors interpret criminal recurrence and resistance to penal measures in terms of the scarcity of control that individuals from the experimental group have over their behavior and its respective consequences.

scholarly journals Effect of Whole-Body Cryotherapy on Morphological, Rheological and Biochemical Indices of Blood in People with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2833
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽  
Aneta Teległów ◽  
Justyna Adamiak ◽  
Jacek Głodzik ◽  
Szymon Podsiadło ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Rheological Indices ◽  
Whole Body Cryotherapy ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to examine and assess the impact of a series of 20 whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) treatments on the biochemical and rheological indices of blood in people with multiple sclerosis. In this prospective controlled study, the experimental group consisted of 15 women aged 34–55 (mean age, 41.53 ± 6.98 years) with diagnosed multiple sclerosis who underwent a series of whole-body cryotherapy treatments. The first control group consisted of 20 women with diagnosed multiple sclerosis. This group had no intervention in the form of whole-body cryotherapy. The second control group consisted of 15 women aged 30–49 years (mean age, 38.47 ± 6.0 years) without neurological diseases and other chronic diseases who also underwent the whole-body cryotherapy treatment. For the analysis of the blood indices, venous blood was taken twice (first, on the day of initiation of whole-body cryotherapy treatments and, second, after a series of 20 cryotherapy treatments). The blood counts were determined using an ABX MICROS 60 hematological analyzer (USA). The LORCA analyzer (Laser–Optical Rotational Cell Analyzer, RR Mechatronics, the Netherlands) was used to study the aggregation and deformability of erythrocytes. The total protein serum measurement was performed using a Cobas 6000 analyzer, Roche and a Proteinogram-Minicap Sebia analyzer. Fibrinogen determinations were made using a Bio-Ksel, Chrom-7 camera. Statistically significant differences and changes after WBC in the levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), elongation index, total extend of aggregation (AMP), and proteins (including fibrinogen) were observed. However, there was no significant effect of a series of 20 WBC treatments on changes in blood counts, rheology, and biochemistry in women with multiple sclerosis. Our results show that the use of WBC has a positive effect on the rheological properties of the blood of healthy women.

scholarly journals Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of sexual dysfunction modified scale in multiple sclerosis for Brazilian population

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Ataíde Peres da Silva ◽  
Guilherme Sciascia do Olival ◽  
Lívia Palma Stievano ◽  
Vania Balardin Toller ◽  
Sergio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Cultural Adaptation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). These patients suffer from various comorbidities, including sexual dysfunction (SD). The lesions of MS may affect regions of the CNS along the pathway of sexual response. The Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19 (MSISQ-19) is a scale that assesses sexual dysfunction. Adapt and validate the MSISQ-19 to Brazilian patients with MS. 204 individuals were evaluated, 134 patients with MS and 70 healthy persons for the control group. It was determined reproducibility, validity, internal consistency and sensitivity of the MSISQ-19-BR. Among patients with MS, 54.3% of male and 71.7% of female presented some kind of SD. In the control group the results were 12.5% and 19.5%, respectively. The MSISQ-19-BR is reproducible, reliable and valid for the Brazilian population and may be used as a tool for assessing the impact of sexual dysfunction in patients with MS.

scholarly journals Validation survey of the impact of urinary incontinence (IIQ-7) and inventory of distress urogenital (UDI-6) – the short scales – in patients with multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Palma Stievano ◽  
Guilherme Sciascia do Olival ◽  
Raquel Ataíde Peres da Silva ◽  
Vania Balardin Toller ◽  
Eduardo Gregorin Carabetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Coefficient ◽  
Urogenital Distress Inventory ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Criteria

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Impact Questionnaire of Urinary Incontinence (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) - short scale - in the Brazilian population with multiple sclerosis. The IIQ-7 and UDI-6 were translated into Portuguese, called IIQ-7-BR and UDI-6-BR. The questionnaires were administered in 211 individuals selected randomly. Of these, 140 had MS according to McDonald criteria and 71 were included in the control group. In both questionnaires, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was above 0.7. The IIQ-7-BR showed 94.31% concordance between the evaluated studies and UDI-6-BR, 93.33%. Thus, the instruments of this study were presented according to the standards proposed by the Instrument Review Criteria, reliability, validity and sensitivity, maintaining the original scales characteristics.

scholarly journals A Simple and Effective Way to Study Executive Functions by Using 360° Videos

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgnis ◽  
Francesca Baglio ◽  
Elisa Pedroli ◽  
Federica Rossetto ◽  
Giuseppe Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Verbal Responses ◽  
Executive Dysfunctions

Executive dysfunctions constitute a significant public health problem due to their high impact on everyday life and personal independence. Therefore, the identification of early strategies to assess and rehabilitate these impairments appears to be a priority. The ecological limitations of traditional neuropsychological tests and the numerous difficulties in administering tests in real-life scenarios have led to the increasing use of virtual reality (VR) and 360° environment-based tools for assessing executive functions (EFs) in real life. This perspective aims at proposing the development and implementation of Executive-functions Innovative Tool 360° (EXIT 360°), an innovative, enjoyable, and ecologically valid tool for a multidimensional and multicomponent evaluation of executive dysfunctions. EXIT 360° allows a complete and integrated executive functioning assessment through an original task for EFs delivered via a mobile-powered VR headset combined with eye tracker (ET) and electroencephalograms (EEG). Our tool is born as a 360°-based instrument, easily accessible and clinically usable, that will radically transform clinicians’ and patient’s assessment experience. In EXIT 360°, patients are engaged in a “game for health,” where they must perform everyday subtasks in 360° daily life environments. In this way, the clinicians can obtain quickly more ecologically valid information about several aspects of EFs (e.g., planning, problem-solving). Moreover, the multimodal approach allows completing the assessment of EFs by integrating verbal responses, reaction times, and physiological data (eye movements and brain activation). Overall, EXIT 360° will allow obtaining simultaneously and in real time more information about executive dysfunction and its impact in real life, allowing clinicians to tailor the rehabilitation to the subject’s needs.

scholarly journals Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: an Italian Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marta Altieri ◽  
◽  
Mariangela Fratino ◽  
Flavia Pauri ◽  
Antonella Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
The Impact

Background: Italy was one of the first affected countries by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Public health measures like quarantine or national lockdown were adopted, with negative psychological and clinical effects on patients with chronic diseases. To investigate the impact of lockdown on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), we developed a 36 items self-report questionnaire. Methods: Questionnaires were emailed to 120 patients with MS and 100 with chronic migraine (CM) as a control group, matched for age, sex, and education. The questionnaire was divided into five domains, evaluating concerns about 1) MS and therapy during COVID-19 pandemic, 2) personal and family caregiving, 3) working activities, 4) general and disease-related emotions during the lockdown, 5) future expectations concerning health status, social life, and working activity. Results: patients with MS had higher scores than those with CM in domains 4 and 5, investigating respectively general and disease-related emotions and future expectations (p= 0.05 and 0.02 respectively). About half of the patients with MS expressed some concern about the need to continue their therapy during the pandemic compared to people with CM (p= 0.0002). Conclusions: Covid-19 pandemic had a more negative impact on psychological status of patients with MS compared with those with CM

C-53 The Challenges of Neuropsychological Rehabilitation for Children Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Due to Complex Diagnostic Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1082
Author(s):  
A Starza-Smith ◽  
E Talbot ◽  
D Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Rehabilitation ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
Children's Memory ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scale Behavior

Abstract Objective With an incidence of 9.83 per million children per year, paediatric onset multiple sclerosis (MS) is rare. It does, however, present challenges for differential diagnosis alongside other demyelinating syndromes, such as Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and various recurrent acquired demyelinating conditions, making diagnosis complex in this population. We highlight the different trajectories related to diagnosis and the impact of this on the child, family and wider healthcare and education systems surrounding them. Method Serial neuropsychological assessment data (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Children’s Memory Scale, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) is presented for two children with an initial diagnosis of ADEM; one subsequently was diagnosed with MS later altered to Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) antibody associated relapsing demyelination. Results Case 1: presents with average IQ and memory, significant deficits in executive function, including behavioural regulation and hyperactivity. Diagnostic journey indicated as recurrent ADEM leading to diagnosis of MS at 16 years old, later changed to MOG antibody associated relapsing demyelination. Case 2: presents significant deficits in IQ and memory and executive function following ADEM diagnosis at young age. Conclusions We consider how recent advances in medical investigation have uncovered numerous demyelinating syndromes impacting on the challenge of diagnosis of ADEM, MS and other demyelinating conditions. We question whether we are meeting the neuropsychological needs of children/adolescents with ADEM, MS and other demyelinating conditions in paediatric neuropsychology practice due to limited understanding of the complex and differential diagnoses and discuss whether ADEM and MS form a diagnostic continuum.

Free From Falls education and exercise program for reducing falls in people with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852110468
Author(s):  
Michelle H Cameron ◽  
Andrea Hildebrand ◽  
Cinda L Hugos ◽  
Grace I Judd ◽  
Garnett McMillan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
The Impact

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) fall frequently. Community-delivered exercise and education reduce falls in older adults, but their efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the Free From Falls (FFF) group education and exercise program on falls in PwMS. Methods: This was a prospective, assessor-blinded, two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial. Ninety-six participants were randomized to FFF (eight weekly 2 hour sessions) or the control condition (a fall prevention brochure and informing their neurologist of their fall history). Participants counted falls prospectively from enrollment through 6 months following intervention. Effects on fall frequency were evaluated by the Bayesian analysis. Results: The modeled mean fall frequency pre-intervention was 1.2 falls/month in the FFF group (95% credible intervals (CIs) = 0.8–2.0) and 1.4 falls/month in the control group (95% CI = 0.9–2.1). Fall frequency decreased by 0.6 falls/month in both groups over time (nadir 4–6 months post-intervention: FFF 0.6 falls/month (95% CI = 0.4–0.9); control 0.8 falls/month (95% CI = 0.5–1.1)). Conclusion: In-person group exercise and education are not superior to written education and neurologist-initiated interventions for preventing falls in PwMS.

Decision Making after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Temporal Discounting Paradigm

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodger Ll. Wood ◽  
Louise McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Temporal Discounting ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA temporal discounting paradigm was used to examine decision making for hypothetical monetary reward following traumatic brain injury (TBI). A case-control design compared individuals following moderate or severe TBI with a healthy control group matched for age and gender. The impact of intelligence, impulsivity, and mood on temporal discounting performance was examined. A within-subjects design for the TBI group determined the influence of a range of neuropsychological tests on temporal discounting performance. Both patients and controls demonstrated temporal discounting. However, the TBI group discounted more than controls, suggesting that their decision making was more impulsive, consistent with ratings on the impulsiveness questionnaire. Discounting performance was independent of neuropsychological measures of intelligence, memory, and executive function. There was no relationship between temporal discounting and ratings of everyday executive function made by patients' relatives. Low mood did not account for discounting performance. The results of this study suggest that temporal discounting may be a useful neuropsychological paradigm to assess decision making linked to monetary reward following TBI. Performance was relatively independent of intelligence, memory and standard tests of executive ability and may therefore assist when assessing a patient's mental capacity to manage their financial affairs. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)

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