Healthful Behaviors: Do They Protect African-American, Urban Preadolescents from Abusable Substance Use?

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann D'Elio ◽  
Diane J. Mundt ◽  
Patricia J. Bush ◽  
Ronald J. Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
African American ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Personal Use

Purpose. Relationships between positive health behaviors and abusable substance use in preadolescent, urban, African-American schoolchildren were investigated. Design. Personal interviews and classroom surveys were used to assess health behavior and abusable substance use cross-sectionally. Setting. All respondents resided in the District of Columbia and attended the public school system. Subjects. The sample consisted of 303 urban, African-American fourth and fifth graders (151 boys, 152 girls). Measures. Classroom surveys assessed drinking, drinking without parental knowledge, smoking, use of other abusable substances, friends' use, self-esteem, and academic performance. Personal interviews assessed children's diet, exercise, overall health behavior, and socioeconomic status. Results. Logistic regressions showed that children who engaged in more health behaviors (exercise and proper nutrition) were one-third less likely to have smoked (OR=0.66) or to have drunk alcohol (OR=0.63) than those who engaged in fewer healthful activities. However, when gender, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, academic performance, personal use, and friends' use of other abusable substances were controlled, relationships were no longer statistically significant. Conclusions. These findings suggest that although positive health behaviors appear to be inversely related to abusable substance use in urban, African-American préadolescents, the relationship may be spurious.

Depression and Health Behavior of Adolescents

1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. McDermott ◽  
Wesley E. Hawkins ◽  
David F. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Canonical Variates ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between two sets of variables, symptoms of depression and health behaviors of adolescents. Analysis using canonical correlation produced two significant canonical variates. Results suggest that addressing symptoms of negative mental health in adolescents may be an important step toward facilitating positive health behaviors in this age group.

Heat-Health Behavior Change During Summer 2020 in African American Alabama Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 1443-1447
Author(s):  
Suwei Wang ◽  
Ethel Johnson ◽  
Sheila Tyson ◽  
Julia M. Gohlke
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Safety Concerns

To investigate how heat-health behaviors changed in summer 2020 compared with previous summers, our community–academic partnership conducted telephone surveys to collect data on cooling behaviors, safety concerns, and preferences for cooling alternatives for 101 participants living in Alabama. Participants indicating they would visit cooling centers declined from 23% in previous summers to 10% in summer 2020. The use of cooling centers and other public spaces may be less effective in reducing heat-related illness because of safety concerns amid the COVID-19 pandemic and police brutality.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Health Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmal Gautam ◽  
Getenet Dessie ◽  
Mohammad Mafizur Rahman ◽  
Rasheda Khanam
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Socioeconomic Status And Health

Abstract Background:Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of health behaviors in individuals and contributes to a complex relationship with health. Because of this complexity, the relationship between SES and health behavior is still unclear. Thus, this literature review aims to assess the association between socioeconomic inequalities and health behaviors in children and adolescents from both developed and developing countries.Methods:Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol (PRISMA-P) guideline was used to conduct a systematic literature review. The electronic online databases EBSCO Host, PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct were utilized to systematically search the published articles. Joanna Briggs Institute of critical appeal tool was deployed to assess the quality of included studies. Eligibilities criteria such as study population, study design, study type, study objective, language, and publication date were used to identify the relevant literature that measured the association between socioeconomic status and health behaviors.Results:Out of 1483 articles, only 31 met the final eligibility criteria and were assessed in this paper. Out of these studies: ten, nine, seven and five studies identified a positive association between socioeconomic status (SES) and (a) drinking alcohol; (b) physical activity; (c) fruits and vegetable consumption; (d) consumption of a healthy diet respectively. On the other hand, a negative association between SES and smoking and SES and consumption of cannabis were found by eleven and one study respectively among the children and adolescents. Conclusions:This review study found that the problem of health behaviors is continuing to be a major concern in children and adolescents, particularly those who are of low socioeconomic status. The findings of this study revealed that some specific intervention packages are needed for reducing these damaging health behaviors and enhancing the protective health behaviors in those children and adolescents from a low socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals EnCLASS: an innovative project merging 2 international surveys (HBSC/ESPAD) among French students

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Godeau ◽  
V Ehlinger ◽  
S Spilka
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High School ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
International Level ◽  
School Students ◽  
Health Promotion In Schools

Abstract Problem For two decades, France has taken part in two “competing” school-based, cross-national surveys exploring the health behaviors and well-being of adolescent (Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, 11-13-15 year-olds) and their substance use (European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), 15-16 year-olds). Description of problem Since 2010, French data is provided at national level by grade rather than age. This allowed providing a continuous observation of health behaviors among adolescents, looking at the temporal spread of substance use and providing a better understanding of the role of school as a setting for adolescents’ health. But the difficulty of participating every 4 years in two big surveys remained. Effects of changes In 2018, France decided to conduct the 2 surveys in a unified and simultaneous way across middle- and high-school. This project is called ’National Survey in Middle- and High-school for Adolescents on Health and Substances’, EnCLASS, explicit acronym easy to pronounce and remember in French. If the main objective of “merging” these surveys is to improve the monitoring of health behaviours and substance use throughout adolescence, it also allows a significant gain regarding preparation, coordination and organization of the fieldwork, hence of overall costs, while ensuring perfect comparability of data at international level. Evolution of data visualization on substance use will be used to illustrate the challenges and improvements of such a process, based on data collected in 2018 among more than 20,000 representative secondary-school students. Lessons In addition to a greater facility of interpreting and reading findings, presenting data throughout secondary school grades improves its impact and use in a public health perspective and allowing identifying operational targets for prevention and health promotion in schools, as classes are their main settings. Key messages EnCLASS is unique in Europe, it ensures an excellent comparability of data at international level while providing an innovative national monitoring of adolescent health behavior, including drug use. Further, by its improved quality, perspective and relevance, EnCLASS can contribute to Public health policies analysis regarding school-students in France in a less expensive and better way.

scholarly journals Developmental cascade effects of the New Beginnings Program on adolescent adaptation outcomes

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya Bonds McClain ◽  
Sharlene A. Wolchik ◽  
Emily Winslow ◽  
Jenn-Yun Tein ◽  
Irwin N. Sandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Internalizing Disorders ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Cascade Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUsing data from a 6-year longitudinal follow-up sample of 240 youth who participated in a randomized experimental trial of a preventive intervention for divorced families with children ages 9–12, the current study tested alternative cascading pathways by which the intervention decreased symptoms of internalizing disorders, symptoms of externalizing disorders, substance use, and risky sexual behavior and increased self-esteem and academic performance in mid- to late adolescence (15–19 years old). It was hypothesized that the impact of the program on adolescent adaptation outcomes would be explained by progressive associations between program-induced changes in parenting and youth adaptation outcomes. The results supported a cascading model of program effects in which the program was related to increased mother–child relationship quality that was related to subsequent decreases in child internalizing problems, which then was related to subsequent increases in self-esteem and decreases in symptoms of internalizing disorders in adolescence. The results were also consistent with a model in which the program increased maternal effective discipline that was related to decreased child externalizing problems, which was related to subsequent decreases in symptoms of externalizing disorders, less substance use, and better academic performance in adolescence. There were no significant differences in the model based on level of baseline risk or adolescent gender. These results provide support for a cascading pathways model of child and adolescent development.

Health Behaviors and Breast Cancer: Experiences of Urban African American Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda R. Stolley ◽  
Lisa K. Sharp ◽  
Anita M. Wells ◽  
Nolanna Simon ◽  
Linda Schiffer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
African American ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
American Women ◽  
Health Behavior Changes

Breast-cancer survival rates are lower among African American women compared to White women. Obesity may contribute to this disparity. More than 77% of African American women are overweight or obese. Adopting health behaviors that promote a healthy weight status may be beneficial because obesity increases risk for recurrence. Studies among White breast-cancer survivors indicate that many make health behavior changes after diagnosis. This cross-sectional pilot study collected quantitative and qualitative data on the attitudes, beliefs, barriers, and facilitators related to health behavior changes in 27 overweight/obese African American breast-cancer survivors. Results indicated that most participants reported making dietary changes since their diagnosis, and some had increased their physical activity. Focus groups provided rich details on the barriers and facilitators for behavior change. These results begin to address the significant gap in our knowledge of African American breast-cancer survivors' health behaviors and underscore the need for culturally competent health behavior interventions.

scholarly journals Parenting and Adolescent Self-Regulation Mediate Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Adjustment

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julee P. Farley ◽  
Jungmeen Kim-Spoon
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Adolescent Adjustment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Family Stress Model ◽  
Family Socioeconomic Status

Using two waves of longitudinal data, we utilized the family stress model of economic hardship to test whether family socioeconomic status is related to adolescent adjustment (substance use and academic achievement) through parental knowledge and adolescent self-regulation (behavioral self-control and delay discounting). Participants included 220 adolescent (55% male, [Formula: see text]age = 13 years at Wave 1, [Formula: see text]age = 15 years at Wave 2) and primary caregiver dyads. Results of Structural Equation Modeling revealed significant three-path mediation effects such that low family socioeconomic status at Wave 1 is associated with low parental knowledge at Wave 1, which in turn was related to low academic performance and high substance use at Wave 2 mediated through low adolescent behavioral self-control at Wave 2. The results illustrate how parental knowledge, influenced by family economic status, may play an important role in the development of adolescent behavioral self-control and adjustment.

scholarly journals Positive Health Behaviors and Their Determinants Among Men Active on the Labor Market in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831989923
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Hildt-Ciupińska ◽  
Karolina Pawłowska-Cyprysiak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Work Ability ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Work Ability Index ◽  
Men Health

This paper reports on results from research conducted on health behaviors undertaken of men. Health behavior is one of the determinants of our health. The way in which people care for their health affects not only their health, but also their well-being, quality of life, and work ability. The lifestyle and health behavior have a significant impact on health, whereas a lack of pro-health behavior may cause the risk of many diseases and mortality, especially among men. The aim of the study was to define the determinants of positive health behaviors among men aged 20–65, active on the labor market. To check the attitudes of men toward health and health behavior, a questionnaire-based research has been carried out among 600 men active on the labor market. Several tools were used: Positive Health Behaviour Scale (Woynarowska-Sołdan & Węziak-Białowolska, 2012), Work Ability Index (Tuomi et al., 1998), work–life balance—with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (subscale “Work-home conflict”) (Kristensen & Borg, 2005), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (Wallston & Wallston, 1978, in polish adaptation Juczyński, 2001), Inventory for Psychological Sex Assessment (Kuczyńska, 2012) and Personal Values (Juczyński, 2001), and questionnaire “Work conditions” (developed in CIOPPIB). These studies have shown which factors determine their health behavior. The positive health behaviors of men were associated with good economic status, high self-assessment of care for health, positive opinions about life and work, and masculinity. They were also white-collar workers with good work ability.

Black-White Racial Health Disparities in Inflammation and Physical Health: Cumulative Stress, Social Isolation, and Health Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette McClendon ◽  
Katharine Chang ◽  
Michael J. Boudreaux ◽  
Thomas Oltmanns ◽  
Ryan Bogdan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
Racial Health Disparities ◽  
Cumulative Stress

Black Americans have vastly increased odds and earlier onsets of stress- and age-related disease compared to White Americans. However, what contributes to these racial health disparities remains poorly understood. Using a sample of 1,577 older adults (32.7% Black; ages 55 to 65 at baseline), we examined whether stress, health behaviors, social isolation, and inflammation are associated with racial disparities in self-reported physical health. A latent cumulative stress factor and unique stress-domain specific factors were modeled by applying bifactor confirmatory analysis to assessments across the lifespan (i.e., childhood maltreatment, trauma exposure, discrimination, stressful life events, and indices of socioeconomic status). Physical health, health behavior and social isolation were assessed using self-report; interleukin-6 (IL-6) was assayed from morning fasting serum samples. A parallel serial mediational model tested whether Race (i.e., Black/White) is indirectly associated with health through the following 2 pathways: 1) cumulative stress. health behaviors, inflammation, and 2) cumulative stress, social isolation, and inflammation. There were significant indirect between race and self-reported physical health through cumulative stress, social isolation, and IL-6 (b = -.009, 95% CI: -.027, -.001) and cumulative stress, health behaviors, and IL-6 (b = -.018, 95% CI: -.044, -.005). Specifically, Black Americans were exposed to greater cumulative stress, which was associated with more social isolation as well as reduced preventive health behaviors; these in turn, were each independently associated with greater IL-6 and reduced physical health. Similar to the cumulative latent stress factor, a unique SES factor also indirectly linked race to physical health through these same two pathways (both bs < -.008, both 95% CI within: -.056, -.002). Cumulative stress exposure and socioeconomic status are indirectly associated with Black-White racial health disparities through behavioral (i.e., health behavior, social isolation) and biological (i.e., inflammation) factors. Currently, culturally responsive evidence-based interventions that enhance healthy stress coping and increased social connection are needed to directly confront health disparities. Ultimately, large scale anti-racist public policies (i.e., those which produce equitable outcomes) that reduce cumulative stress burden (e.g., a living wage, universal healthcare) may best attenuate racial health disparities.

Conscientiousness and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Test of the Health Behavior Model of Personality Using Structural Equation Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C Thomas ◽  
Katherine A Duggan ◽  
Thomas W Kamarck ◽  
Aidan G C Wright ◽  
Matthew F Muldoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Subjective Sleep Quality

Abstract Background High trait conscientiousness is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk, and health behaviors are a putative but relatively untested pathway that may explain this association. Purpose To explore the role of key health behaviors (diet, physical activity, substance use, and sleep) as links between conscientiousness and cardiometabolic risk. Methods In a cross-sectional analysis of 494 healthy, middle-aged working adults (mean age = 42.7 years, 52.6% women, 81.0% White), participants provided self-reports of conscientiousness, physical activity, substance use, diet, and sleep, and wore monitors over a 7-day monitoring period to assess sleep (Actiwatch-16) and physical activity (SenseWear Pro3). Cardiometabolic risk was expressed as a second-order latent variable from a confirmatory factor analysis involving insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, obesity, and blood pressure. Direct, indirect, and specific indirect effect pathways linking conscientiousness to health behaviors and cardiometabolic risk were examined. Unstandardized indirect effects for each health behavior class were computed separately using bootstrapped samples. Results After controlling for demographics (sex, age, race, and education), conscientiousness showed the predicted, inverse association with cardiometabolic risk. Among the examined health behaviors, objectively-assessed sleep midpoint variability (b = −0.003, p = .04), subjective sleep quality (b = −0.003, p = .025), and objectively-assessed physical activity (b = −0.11, p = .04) linked conscientiousness to cardiometabolic risk. Conclusions Physical activity and sleep partially accounted for the relationship between conscientiousness and cardiometabolic risk.

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