Effects of the register to become an organ donor on the organ donation agreement rate

A critical controversy surrounds the type of allowable interventions to be carried out in patients who are potential organ donors, in an attempt to improve organ perfusion and successful transplantation. The main goal is to transplant an organ in conditions as close as possible to its physiological live state. “Elective ventilation” (EV), that is, the use of ventilation for the sole purpose of retrieving the organs of patients close to death, is an option which offsets the shortage of organ donation. We have analyzed the legal context of the dying process of the organ donor and the feasibility of EV in the Italian context. There is no legal framework regulating the practice of EV, neither is any real information given to the general public. A public debate has yet to be initiated. In the Italian cultural and legislative scenario, we believe that, under some circumstances (i.e., the expressed wishes of the patient, even in the form of advance directives), the use of EV does not violate the principle of beneficence. We believe that the crux of the matter lies in the need to explore the real determination and will of the patient and his/her orientation towards the specific aim of organ donation.

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Hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony: a grounded theory pilot study

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v4n3p1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Charles Calhoun Reed ◽

Elma I Fonseca ◽

Regina I Reed ◽

Stacy Foremski ◽

Sara L Gill

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Organ Procurement ◽

Social Process ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Tree Planting ◽

Individual Level ◽

Organ Procurement Organizations

Objective: Various types of organ donation memorials, to include tree planting, rose garden memorials, candle lighting, donor memorial wall events are conducted throughout the year primarily by organ procurement organizations (OPOs). Although the benefits of such events have not been explored there has been continued interest by hospital staff and administrators to host such events. The purpose of this grounded theory pilot study was to describe the process of healing that a hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony creates at the individual level and organ donation awareness and advocacy at the community level.Methods: The researchers interviewed nine organ donor family members who were invited to attend a hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremony at one Level I Trauma Center located in South Texas.Results: A 4-stage social process, “makes the hole in the heart smaller”, was identified from the qualitative interview data. Participants journeyed through a four stage process to make the hole in their hearts smaller. The four stages are: choosing to attend, being able to connect, keeping the memory alive and knowing something good came from it. As participants moved between stages their meaning for attendance changed. Families shifted from personal grieving and needing support to supporting other donor families and in the process became advocates for organ donation.Conclusions: The findings from this study validate the benefits of hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremonies. Families reported these ceremonies support their decision to donate, while also providing a means of continued emotional support throughout their grief process. The memorial event provides a safe venue for organ donor families to connect and share with others who have had a similar experience, while acknowledging their loved ones gift of life. Hospital-based organ donation memorial ceremonies and the permanent memorial structure increase awareness of organ donation for the community of donor families, hospital visitors and hospital staff.

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Knowledge and Attitudes about Organ Donation among Patient Companion at a Tertiary Hopsital in Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v31i1.14 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mahteme Bekele ◽

Wubshet Jote ◽

Tigist Workneh ◽

Berhanu Worku

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Medical Center ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Favorable Attitude ◽

Good Knowledge ◽

Donor Pool ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Participants

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, the supply of organs continues to be much less than the demand. Many studies identify poor knowledge and negative attitude about organ donation for this. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge and attitude towards organ donation and associated factors among people who accompany patient during hospital visit at tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1st to May 31, 2019, at a tertiary hospital and the only transplant center in Ethiopia. The patient companions were interviewed with structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were presented and factors associated with good knowledge and favorable attitude were assessed using Binary logistic regression.RESULTS: A total of 414 patient companion participated in the study. The mean age of the respondents was 35+13years, and 252(60.9%) were males. Forty-four (10.6%) of the study participants had good knowledge about organ donation. Male gender was significantly associated with improved knowledge (AOR=2.127 95% CI: 1.036, 4.368). A favorable attitude towards donation was found in 219(52.9%) of the study participants. Participants who had completed secondary education were more likely to have unfavorable attitude towards organ donation (AOR=0.498, 95% CI: 0.290, 0.857).CONCLUSION: Knowledge about organ donation was found to be poor, and attitudes towards organ donation were found to be unfavorable among patient companions at a major medical center in Ethiopia. Strategies focused on education of the general public and broad dissemination of information on the benefits of organ donation will be critical for improving the organ donor pool.

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Knowledge and attitude of law, medicine, and mass-communication students towards deceased organ donation

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Pragya Paneru ◽

Shyam S. Budhathoki ◽

Samyog Uprety ◽

Birendra K. Yadav ◽

Rashmi Mulmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Organ Failure ◽

Organ Transplantation ◽

Mass Communication ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deceased Organ Donation ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: With the global increase in the incidence organ failure and subsequent advancement in the medical technology, organ transplantation is growing as the best choice of treatment among the patients with various kinds of organ failure. However, the rate of deceased organ donation is relatively low in South-East Asia regions, including Nepal. This has created a mismatch between the demand and supply of organs for transplantation. World Health Organization encourages organ transplantation from a deceased organ donor as there is no risk to the donor. Thus, this paper aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of literate group specifically towards deceased organ donation.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 299 students selected conveniently from medicine, law, and mass communication streams from 9 different colleges (3 colleges from each stream) of Kathmandu. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge level was classified into three different categories based on obtained scores and attitude was analyzed based on five-point Likert scale.Results: Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents while only 7% had high level of knowledge on the organ donation and transplantation. Similarly, 95% of the people had positive attitude towards organ donation. However, there was a weak correlation between knowledge and attitude of the respondents. None of the respondents carried an organ donation card.Conclusions: There is a need to plan robust strategies to educate people on organ donation so that they can make pragmatic decisions to register their names for deceased organ donation.

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Introducing an Organ Donor Registry is Saskatchewan

Health Reform Observer - Observatoire des Réformes de Santé ◽

10.13162/hro-ors.v9i2.4598 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Amy Zarzeczny ◽

◽

Luiza Radu ◽

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Public Interest ◽

Public Awareness ◽

National Level ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Organ Donors ◽

Media Campaign ◽

Organ Donations ◽

Paper Form ◽

Evaluation Metric

On 3 September 2020, Saskatchewan launched an organ donor registry that allows participants 16 years and older to register their intent to be an organ donor either online or using a paper form. Saskatchewan has historically performed poorly at a national level with low rates of organ donations. Saskatchewan's new registry is intended to increase the numbers of organ donors in the province, while also helping to modernize its organ donation system and ease donation conversations with families. Saskatchewan's introduction of this registry brought the province in line with other provinces and territories across Canada that use similar systems, and provided a response to the surge in public interest around organ donation that followed the Humboldt Bronco bus crash tragedy and related ``Logan Boulet Effect.'' The 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 provincial budgets included dedicated funding for the development and launch of the registry, which was accompanied by a media campaign to increase public awareness. Though it is too early to evaluate the success of the registry, early indications suggest donation rates will be a key evaluation metric. Registries are commonly thought to help increase public awareness of, and support for, organ donation, but improving Saskatchewan's organ donation rates will likely also require companion measures to strengthen the culture and practice of donation in the province.

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Abstract 16: Sex Disparities in Organ Donation: Finding an Equal Donor Pool

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/hcq.13.suppl_1.16 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Erika Yee ◽

Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini ◽

Bianca Duarte ◽

Shannon Knapp ◽

Nancy K Sweitzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organ Donation ◽

Family Member ◽

Family Members ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Medical Mistrust ◽

Organ Donors ◽

Donor Pool ◽

Men And Women ◽

Willingness To Donate ◽

Amazon's Mechanical Turk

Introduction: The majority of living organ donors are women, and the majority of deceased organ donors are men. This poses a problem for transplant candidates who have worsened survival with sex mismatched organs. The objective of this study was to identify reasons for disparities in organ donation between sexes and identify strategies to increase organ donors. Methods: We conducted a fifteen question survey using a crowdsourcing marketplace, Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, in September 2019. The survey assessed how participants make decisions about becoming an organ donor. The survey was distributed to U.S. adult participants, including eight write-in questions and two Likert scale questions. Qualitative descriptive analyses were used to understand reasons for and against becoming an organ donor. Quantitative results were compared with t test. Results: Among the 667 eligible participants representing 49 states, 54.9% were women and 63.1% were in the 18-40 age group. The majority of men (64.8%) and women (63.4%) were registered organ donors. Among men and women donors, three themes guided their willingness to donate: desire to help others, personal experience with organ donors/recipients, and believing organs would have no use to the donor once dead. Among men and women non-donors, decisions were guided by three themes: no reason, medical mistrust, considering becoming a donor. Themes varied by sex when considering whether to donate organs of a deceased family member. Women were guided equally by two themes: family member’s wishes and believing the deceased family member had no further use for organs. Men had similar themes but valued the family member’s wishes more. Women’s willingness to donate their own organs to family members (p=0.03) and strangers (p=0.02) was significantly higher than men. Among non-donors, both sexes would consider becoming organ donors if more information was provided. Conclusion: In a national survey of adults, women and men had similar reasons for becoming and not becoming an organ donor. However compared to men, women were more willing to donate their organs and more altruistic in the donation of family members’ organs. Women’s deceased organ donation may increase with further communication of women’s wishes before death and by improved public education about organ donation.

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Trauma Patients’ Attitudes toward Organ Donation at an Urban Level I Trauma Center

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481808400957 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (9) ◽

pp. 1493-1497

Author(s):

John D. Cull ◽

Katarina Ivkovic ◽

Benjamin Manning ◽

Edie Y. Chan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Trauma Center ◽

Family Members ◽

Organ Donor ◽

The United States ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Willingness To Donate ◽

Patient Responses ◽

Level I

Many health-care workers (HCWs) surveyed at a trauma center believed their patients distrusted the organ allocation system. This study compares urban trauma patients’ (TPs) attitudes toward organ donation with attitudes from the 2012 National Survey of Organ Donation Attitudes (NSODA). TPs presenting to the trauma clinic between September 2014 and August 2015 were surveyed. Patient responses were compared with the 2012 NSODA. One hundred and thirty-three TPs (95.0%) responded to the survey. Compared with the 2012 NSODA, groups were similar with regard to a patient's desire for OD after death (Trauma: 62.4% [Confidence interval [CI]: 53.6–70.7] vs NSODA: 59.3% [CI: 56.6–61.8]) and the belief that doctors are less likely to save their life if they are an organ donor (24.8% [CI: 17.7–33.0] vs 19.6% [CI: 18.3–21.0]). Approximately, 30 per cent of patients believed discrimination prevented minority patients from receiving transplants (27.1 [CI: 19.7–35.5] vs 30.3 [CI: 28.8–31.9]). TPs were less likely than the NSODA group to donate a family members’ organs, if they did not know the family members’ wishes (56.4% [CI: 47.5–65.0] vs 75.6% [CI: 68.7–71.8]); TPs were less likely to believe the United States transplant system uses a fair approach to distribute organs (47.4% [38.7–56.2] vs 64.6% [CI: 63.0–66.2]). Adjusting for race, both groups were similar in their willingness to donate a family members’ organs; black TPs were less likely to believe the United States transplant system, which follows a fair approach in distributing organs (43.0% [CI: 32.4–54.2] vs 63.7% [59.7–67.6]). Despite HCWs perceptions, TPs had a positive view of OD. Educating HCWs on patient attitudes toward OD may decrease institutional barriers to OD.

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Liver Transplantation from Voluntary Organ Donor System in China: A Comparison between DBD and DCD Liver Transplants

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2019/5736702 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Wei Chen ◽

Dipesh Kumar Yadav ◽

Xueli Bai ◽

Jianying Lou ◽

Risheng Que ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Donor System

Background. In China, the cases of liver transplantation (LT) from donation after citizens’ death have rose year by year since the citizen-based voluntary organ donor system was initiated in 2010. The objective of our research was to investigate the early postoperative and late long-term outcomes of LT from donation after brain death (DBD) and donation after circulatory death (DCD) according to the current organ donation system in China. Methods. Sixty-two consecutive cases of LT from donation after citizens’ death performed in our hospital between February 2012 and June 2017 were examined retrospectively for short- and long-term outcomes. These included 35 DCD LT and 27 DBD LT. Result. Subsequent median follow-up time of 19 months and 1- and 3-year graft survival rates were comparative between the DBD group and the DCD group (81.5% and 66.7% versus 67.1% and 59.7%; P=0.550), as were patient survival rates (85.2% and 68.7% versus 72.2% and 63.9%; P=0.358). The duration of ICU stay of recipients was significantly shorter in the DBD group, in comparison with that of the DCD group (1 versus 3 days, P=0.001). Severe complication incidence (≥grade III) after transplantation was identical among the DBD and DCD groups (48.1% versus 60%, P=0.352). There was no significant difference in postoperative mortality between the DBD and DCD groups (3 of 27 cases versus 5 of 35 cases). Twenty-one grafts (33.8%) were lost and 18 recipients (29.0%) were dead till the time of follow-up. Malignancy recurrence was the most prevalent reason for patient death (38.8%). There was no significant difference in incidence of biliary stenosis between the DBD and DCD groups (5 of 27 cases versus 6 of 35 cases, P=0.846). Conclusion. Although the sample size was small to some extent, this single-center study first reported that LT from DCD donors showed similar short- and long-term outcomes with DBD donors and justified the widespread implementation of voluntary citizen-based deceased organ donation in China. However, the results should be verified with a multicenter larger study.

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Illinois Department of Motor Vehicle Customers’ Reasons for (Not) Registering as an Organ Donor

Progress in Transplantation ◽

10.1177/1526924819835838 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tobias Reynolds-Tylus ◽

Brian L. Quick ◽

Andy J. King ◽

Miriam Moore

Keyword(s):

African Americans ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Organ Donors ◽

Biological Sex ◽

Negative Beliefs ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Promotional Efforts ◽

Promotional Messages

Context: Organ donation campaigns are maximized when promotional messages address salient issues among the intended audience. A diverse sample (N = 1573) was recruited to identify the reasons for (not) registering as an organ donor. Objective: Relying on an established coding scheme, an updated explanation for why individuals register (or not) as organ donors is provided. Moreover, registration trends with respect to race, biological sex, and age is presented. Method: Participants exiting Department of Motor Vehicle offices (N = 12) were surveyed to understand their reasons for registering and not registering as organ donors. Results: Benefits of donation followed by prior registration, rational arguments, and personal experiences represented nearly 90% of the coded responses for registering. Conversely, negative beliefs, decisional uncertainty, perceived disqualification, no reason, general fear/disgust, and lack of opportunity constituted nearly 90% of the coded responses for not registering as an organ donor. Whites and Latinx individuals were more likely to register as organ donors compared to African Americans. Participants in the lower (18-24) and upper (65+) age brackets had the lowest donor registration rates. Conclusion: Promotional efforts should continue to target younger and older audience segments with information about organ donation as well as African Americans. Results from the current study suggest emphasizing the benefits of organ donation as well as overcoming negative beliefs, decisional uncertainty, and perceived disqualifications.

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Organ Donation Registration and Decision-Making Among Current Blood Donors in the Netherlands

Progress in Transplantation ◽

10.1177/1526924817715470 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 266-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eva-Maria Merz ◽

Katja van den Hurk ◽

Wim L.A.M. de Kort

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Organ Donation ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Research Question ◽

Organ Donor ◽

Information Provision ◽

Personal Factors ◽

Organ Donations ◽

Donor Population

Introduction: In the Netherlands, there is a constant shortage in donor organs, resulting in long waiting lists. The decision to register as organ donor is associated with several demographic, cultural, and personal factors. Previous research on attitudes and motivations toward blood and organ donations provided similar results. Research Question: The current study investigated demographic, cultural, and personal determinants of organ donation registration among current Dutch blood donors. Design: We used data from Donor InSight (2012; N = 20 063), a cohort study among Dutch blood donors, to test whether age, gender, religious and political preferences, donor attitude, and altruism predicted organ donor registration among current blood donors. Results: Organ donors were more often represented in the blood donor population compared to the general Dutch population. Women showed a higher propensity to be registered as organ donor. Higher education as well as higher prosocial value orientation, prosocial behavior, that is, doing volunteer work, and awareness of need significantly associated with being registered as organ donor. Religious denomination negatively predicted organ donation registration across all faiths. Discussion: Results are discussed in light of cultural context, and possible implications for improving information provision and recruitment are mentioned.

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