Overweight Physicians During Residency: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Abstract Background Resident physicians are at risk for increasing weight status given their changes in environment, resources, and stress level. Objective To describe body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, eating habits, and physical activity during postgraduate training and to compare the findings to data for nationally matched controls. Methods This was a combined cross-sectional study and longitudinal cohort, with a comparison to matched controls in 2 academic hospital centers in the eastern and western United States. BMI and blood pressure were objectively measured, and an eating and exercise habits recall was obtained for 375 enrolled medical and surgical residents (93 longitudinally) at the onset of each postgraduate year (PGY) in 2006, 2007, and 2008. Results Nearly half (43%) of overweight residents described themselves as normal weight. Residents were more likely to be overweight (BMI ≥25) at the beginning of PGY-3 than at the beginning of PGY-1 (49% versus 30%; odds ratio 2.26; 95% confidence interval 1.19–4.28). The average BMI of residents at PGY-1 was lower than that of their matched controls, but the magnitude of this difference decreased with increasing PGY (P = .02). Conclusions Overweight status is underacknowledged by overweight residents and increases by PGY of training. These changes differ significantly from that of controls and may affect overweight physicians' long-term health.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Patterns of objectively measured physical activity in normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals (20-85 years): a cross-sectional study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717970451.793468942 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Nick Finer

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Objectively Measured Physical Activity

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Associations Between Children’s Physical Activity, Pain and Injuries

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/00315125211028455 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003151252110284

Author(s):

João Paulo de Aguiar Greca ◽

Thomas Korff ◽

Jennifer Ryan

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Generalized Estimating Equations ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excessive Weight ◽

Objectively Measured ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

Our aim in this study was to investigate the relationships between physical activity (PA), pain, and injury among children. Secondarily, we examined whether these relationships differed between children with normal versus excessive weight or obesity. This was a cross-sectional study of 102 children (57 girls) aged 8–12 years old. We assessed the prevalence of moderate and vigorous PA using accelerometry over a seven-day period. We examined the associations between moderate PA, vigorous PA, pain presence, and injury presence using generalized estimating equations with a logit link and binomial distribution. We adjusted the obtained models for potential confounders and explored the moderating effect of weight status. We found no association between moderate PA and pain, but time spent in vigorous PA was associated with pain. Neither moderate or vigorous PA were associated with injury, and there was no moderating effect of weight status in these relationships. In summary, we found that objectively measured vigorous PA is associated with pain among 8–12 year old children. While these results should be replicated in longitudinal studies, they suggest that an association between vigorous PA and pain should be considered when developing PA interventions for children.

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Socio-economic Analysis and the Study of Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hospital Staff

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v7i1.8496 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Samjhana Shakya ◽

J Bhattarai ◽

K Rawal ◽

AR Kunwar ◽

YR Shakya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Economic Status ◽

Hospital Staff ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Challenge

Hypertension is an important public health challenge in the developing and the developed world alike. This worksite based descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken in Sahid Gangalal National Heart Centre in 2010 with 50 subjects were recruited by multistage purposive cluster sampling. The primary aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the socioeconomic status and to measure the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and correlates of hypertension. The prevalence of pre-hypertension is 38% and hypertension is 34%. Among the hypertensive 53% are aware of their condition and 66.66% of them are under treatment and 16.66% have control over the condition. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 22% and 4% respectively. The prevalence of central obesity was 29.72% among male and 69% among female. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on hypertension was satisfactory. Fourteen percent understood hypertension as a raised blood pressure during blood flow in the arteries. Majority of them (72%) have positive attitude towards use of medicine in hypertension. Majority of them (86%) had checked their blood pressure in last 2 years. Difference in prevalence of hypertension was found among the tobacco users and non- users (65% vs 40%), who do regular exercise and those who do not (28% vs. 38%) and sleep disturbance was higher among hypertensive than non-hypertensive (48% vs. 10%). Patients with Dislipidemia (32%) had higher prevalence of hypertension than those without Dislipidemia (44% vs 30 %) Similar finding were found between overweight participants (26%) and normal weight participants (46% vs 34%). The prevalence of hypertension is higher with the higher socio-economic status. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 15-19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8496

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Dietary habits and nutritional status in students of the university corporation Rafael Núñez, Cartagena-Colombia

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-05-2021-0164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Fabián Espitia-Almeida ◽

Martha Mora-García ◽

Alexandra Coquel-Bru ◽

Christian Orozco-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

The University

Purpose This paper aims to determine the eating habits and physical activity in students of the Rafael Núñez University. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive cross-sectional study, based on the application of a survey on eating habits and physical activity. Furthermore, height, weight, hip circumference and abdominal circumference were also recorded. Findings Total, 170 students were included, 29 (17.1%) males and 141 (82.9%) females, with a mean age of 20.0 ± 5.2 years. Among the students, 22 (12.9%) were underweight, 95 (55.9%) were normal weight, 40 (23.5%) were overweight and 13 (7.7%) with obesity. Regarding eating habits, the majority preferred to consume three daily meals: breakfast 140 (82.3%), lunch 170 (100%) and dinner 96 (56.5%). Regarding fruits intake, 18 (15.9%) males reported consuming them seven days a week, and 54 (31.2 %) females reported consuming them occasionally. In physical activity, most of the population (n = 103, 60.6%) exercises with a frequency of one to three days/week. Originality/value The authors’ work is original and has not been sent to another magazine.

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Weight cycling is associated with adverse cardiometabolic markers in a cross-sectional representative US sample

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2019-213419 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jech-2019-213419

Author(s):

Lisa Kakinami ◽

Bärbel Knäuper ◽

Jennifer Brunet

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Weight Status ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Weight Cycling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Weight History ◽

Cardiometabolic Markers

BackgroundWhether weight cycling (repeated weight loss and regain) is associated with cardiometabolic health is unclear. Study objective was to examine whether weight cycling since young adulthood (ie, 25 years of age) was associated with cardiometabolic markers.MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional US sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2014) were used. Weight history was based on self-reported weight at age 25, 10 years prior and 1 year prior to the survey (n=4190, 51% male). Using current self-reported weight as the anchor, participants were classified as (1) stable weight, (2) weight losers, (3) weight gainers and (4) weight cyclers. Cardiometabolic markers included fasting lipids, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyse weight history (reference: stable weight) and adjusted for covariates. Analyses incorporated the sampling design and survey weights and were stratified by sex or weight status.ResultsCompared with females with stable weight, female weight cyclers had worse lipids and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (all ps<0.05). Compared with males with stable weight, male weight cyclers had worse high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and HOMA-IR (ps<0.05). Weight cyclers with normal weight had worse HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ps<0.05), and weight cyclers with overweight or obesity had worse HOMA-IR (p=0.05). Blood pressure was not associated.ConclusionWeight cycling is adversely associated with cardiometabolic markers but associations differ by sex and weight status. While weight cycling is consistently associated with worse cardiometabolic markers among females, results are mixed among males. Weight cycling is associated with worse lipid measures for normal weight persons, and marginally worse insulin sensitivity for those with overweight/obesity.

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Prevalence of low birth weight and its association with maternal body weight status in selected countries in Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e020410 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Zhifei He ◽

Ghose Bishwajit ◽

Sanni Yaya ◽

Zhaohui Cheng ◽

Dongsheng Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and to investigate the association between maternal body weight measured in terms of body mass index (BMI) and birth weight in selected countries in Africa.SettingUrban and rural household in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda.ParticipantsMothers (n=11 418) aged between 15 and 49 years with a history of childbirth in the last 5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of LBW in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda was, respectively, 13.4%, 10.2%, 12.1%, 15.7% and 10%. Compared with women who are of normal weight, underweight mothers had a higher likelihood of giving birth to LBW babies in all countries except Ghana. However, the association between maternal BMI and birth weight was found to be statistically significant for Senegal only (OR=1.961 (95% CI 1.259 to 3.055)).ConclusionUnderweight mothers in Senegal share a greater risk of having LBW babies compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Programmes targeting to address infant mortality should focus on promoting nutritional status among women of childbearing age. Longitudinal studies are required to better elucidate the causal nature of the relationship between maternal underweight and LBW.

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Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and association with weight status in Irish children: a cross-sectional study prior to the introduction of a government tax on sugar-sweetened beverages

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020000014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 2234-2244

Author(s):

Janas M Harrington ◽

Catherine Perry ◽

Eimear Keane ◽

Ivan J Perry

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Weight Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Daily Energy Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Sweetened Beverage ◽

Daily Energy

AbstractObjective:To provide baseline evidence of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a sample of Irish children prior to the introduction of the SSB tax; to identify the energy contribution of SSB to daily energy intake; and to explore the association between SSB consumption and overweight/obesity.Design:Cross-sectional study.Setting:Primary schools in Cork, Ireland in 2012.Participants:1075 boys and girls aged 8–11 years. SSB consumption was assessed from 3-d food diaries. BMI was used to define obesity (International Obesity Taskforce definitions). Plausible energy reporters (n 724, 68 % of total sample) were classified using Schofield equation.Results:Eighty-two per cent of children with plausible energy intake consumed SSB. Mean energy intake from SSB was 485 kJ (6 % of total kJ). Mean kilojoules from SSB increased with weight status from 443 kJ for normal-weight children to 648 kJ for children with overweight/obesity (5·8 and 7·6 % of total kJ, respectively). Mean SSB intake was significantly higher in children with overweight/obesity than normal-weight children (383 and 315 ml/d). In adjusted analyses, children consuming >200 ml/d had an 80 % increased odds of overweight/obesity compared to those consuming <200 ml/d (OR 1·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 3·5). Family socioeconomic status and lifestyle determinants, including frequency of takeaway consumption and TV viewing, were also significantly associated with SSB consumption.Conclusions:SSB account for a substantial proportion of daily energy intake and are significantly associated with child overweight/obesity. This study provides baseline data from a sample of children from which the impact of the SSB tax can be benchmarked.

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Meal pattern and BMI in 9–11-year-old children in Finland

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980010003034 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1245-1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Reetta Lehto ◽

Carola Ray ◽

Marjaana Lahti-Koski ◽

Eva Roos

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

School Lunch ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Meal Pattern ◽

School Day ◽

Statistical Analysis Method ◽

Single Meal ◽

Study Participants

AbstractObjectiveIn many studies it has been shown that breakfast is associated with normal weight in children and adolescents. Other meals, family meals and a regular meal pattern have been less studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine whether a regular meal pattern, or breakfast, lunch or dinner as separate regular meals, is associated with the BMI of children.DesignA cross-sectional study conducted within the Helsinki region during 2006. Study participants were measured and weighed by research staff. Children filled in a study questionnaire on their health behaviour, including the frequency of consuming meals. A regular meal was defined as one usually eaten on every school day. A regular meal pattern was defined as one consisting of a usual consumption of breakfast, school lunch and dinner on every school day. Covariance analysis was used as the statistical analysis method.SettingCapital region, Finland, 2006.SubjectsA total of 604 schoolchildren (312 girls) aged 9–11 years.ResultsIrregular breakfast and an irregular meal pattern were associated with higher BMI. Regularity of school lunch, dinner or family dinner was not associated with BMI.ConclusionsA regular breakfast and meal pattern was associated with lower BMI in children, although breakfast was the only single meal associated with BMI. We conclude that, although the association between breakfast and weight status in children is fairly consistent, the role of other meals is less convincing.

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Gender Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Metabolically Healthy Normal Weight Adults with Central Obesity

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0043-119877 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 126 (05) ◽

pp. 309-315

Author(s):

Katarína Šebeková ◽

Melinda Csongová ◽

Radana Gurecká ◽

Zora Krivošíková ◽

Jozef Šebek

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fasting Plasma ◽

Metabolically Healthy

AbstractWe investigated whether metabolically healthy normal weight adults with central obesity display worse cardiometabolic profile compared with their centrally lean counterparts. This retrospective, cross-sectional study, comprised 1 135 subjects (64% females) aged 18-to-81 years, presenting ≤2 components of metabolic syndrome. They were classified as centrally lean (waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)<0.5 and waist circumference<80 cm in females and<94 cm in males) or presenting central obesity (WHtR ≥0.5, regardless of waist circumference). Data on blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, renal function, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), uric acid, adiponectin, leptin, and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products were compared between the groups, separately in males and females. 5.7% of males and 6.9% of females presented WHtR ≥0.5. Compared with centrally lean subjects, those with central obesity had higher BMI-adjusted fasting plasma glucose (p<0.001), and leptin levels (p<0.05); females also presented higher blood pressure (p<0.001), while males had higher hsCRP concentrations (p=0.021). These changes associated with significantly higher BMI-adjusted odds to present fasting plasma glucose >5.6 mmol/l in both genders, higher odds to present hsCRP >3 mg/l in males, and those to present elevated blood pressure in females. Our analysis suggests that in metabolically healthy normal weight subjects WHtR ≥0.5 might indicate “early increased health risk”.

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