Faculty and Resident Perspectives on Using Entrustment Anchors for Workplace-Based Assessment

ABSTRACT Background Research suggests that workplace-based assessment (WBA) tools using entrustment anchors provide more reliable assessments than those using traditional anchors. There is a lack of evidence describing how and why entrustment anchors work. Objective The purpose of this study is to better understand the experience of residents and faculty with respect to traditional and entrustment anchors. Methods We used constructivist grounded theory to guide data collection and analysis (March–December 2017) and semistructured interviews to gather reflections on anchors. Phase 1 involved residents and faculty (n = 12) who had only used assessment tools with traditional anchors. Phase 2 involved participants who had used tools with entrustment anchors (n = 10). Data were analyzed iteratively. Results Participants expressed that the pragmatic language of entrustment anchors made WBA (1) concrete and justifiable; (2) transparent as they explicitly link clinical assessment and learning progress; and (3) align with training outcomes, enabling better feedback. Participants with no prior experience using entrustment anchors outlined contextual concerns regarding their use. Participants with experience described how they addressed these concerns. Participants expressed that entrustment anchors leave a gap in assessment information because they do not provide normative data. Conclusions Insights from this analysis contribute to a theoretical framework of benefits and challenges related to the adoption of entrustment anchors. This richer understanding of faculty and resident perspectives of entrustment anchors may assist WBA developers in creating more acceptable tools and inform the necessary faculty development initiatives that must accompany the use of these new WBA tools.

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‘Place bonding’ in children’s hospice care: a qualitative study

BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care ◽

10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e25-e25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Helena Dunbar ◽

Bernie Carter ◽

Jayne Brown

Keyword(s):

Grounded Theory ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Hospice Care ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽

Two Phase ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

New Perspective ◽

Limiting Condition ◽

Place Bonding

BackgroundLimited knowledge exists of parents’ perceptions and experiences of children’s hospices and how these contribute to the varied access and uptake of services.AimThis study aimed to explore parents’ perspectives and experiences of a hospice, to understand the barriers and/or facilitators to accessing a hospice, and what characteristics parents wanted from hospice provision.MethodsA two-phase qualitative study underpinned by a constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed. Phase 1 used focus groups to collect data from parents of children already accessing the hospice (n=24). Phase 2 used in-depth semistructured interviews with parents of children who did not use the hospice (n=7) and with parents who had previous experience of using a hospice (n=7).ResultsA grounded theory of place bonding was developed which illustrates the cognitive journey taken by parents of children with life-limiting conditions considering/receiving hospice care for their child.ConclusionsFinding a place where they belonged and felt at ‘home’ made the decision to accept help in caring for their child with a life-limiting condition more acceptable. The theory of place bonding offers children’s hospices a new perspective from which to view how parents access, accept and build relationships at the hospice.

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Applying User-Centered Design to Develop an Audit and Feedback Intervention for the Home Care Sector

Home Health Care Management & Practice ◽

10.1177/1084822317700883 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 148-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Heather L. Colquhoun ◽

Deborah Sattler ◽

Christine Chan ◽

Taheera Walji ◽

Rachel Palumbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Home Care ◽

Care Management ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Audit And Feedback ◽

Phase 2 ◽

User Centered Design ◽

User Testing ◽

Home And Community Care ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

User Centered

The objective of this study was to optimize a planned audit and feedback (A&F) intervention for home and community care through incorporating user-centered design principles. Phase 1 comprised the development of a paper prototype, followed by testing of the prototype using semistructured interviews and focus groups. Phase 2 involved the development of a revised and online prototype based on the results of Phase 1, followed by user testing. A total of 39 participants across Phase 1 ( n = 33) and Phase 2 ( n = 6) provided input into the design of the A&F intervention. Key changes included improving clarity of the variables, reducing cognitive load, and highlighting opportunities for action. Preliminary findings suggest potential usefulness in this approach to optimize home care management.

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MyPath to Home Web-Based Application for the Geriatric Rehabilitation Program at Bruyère Continuing Care: User-Centered Design and Feasibility Testing Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18169 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chantal Backman ◽

Anne Harley ◽

Craig Kuziemsky ◽

Jay Mercer ◽

Liam Peyton

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Health Care Team ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Geriatric Rehabilitation ◽

Phase 2 ◽

User Centered Design ◽

Web Based ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

User Centered

BACKGROUND When older adults return home from geriatric rehabilitation in a hospital, remembering the plethora of medical advice and medical instructions provided can be overwhelming for them and for their caregivers. OBJECTIVE The overall objective was to develop and test the feasibility of a novel web-based application called MyPath to Home that can be used to manage the personalized needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients during their transition from the hospital to home. METHODS This study involved (1) co-designing a patient- and clinician-tailored web-based application and (2) testing the feasibility of the application to manage the needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients when leaving the hospital. In phase 1, we followed a user-centered design process integrated with the modern agile software development methodology to iteratively co-design the application. The approach consisted of three cycles in which we engaged patients, caregivers, and clinicians to design a series of prototypes (cycles 1-3). In phase 2, we conducted a single-arm feasibility pilot test of MyPath to Home. Baseline and follow-up surveys, as well as select semistructured interviews were conducted. RESULTS In phase 1, semistructured interviews and talk-aloud sessions were conducted with patients/caregivers (n=5) and clinicians (n=17) to design the application. In phase 2, patients (n=30), caregivers (n=18), and clinicians (n=20) received access to use the application. Patients and their caregivers were asked to complete baseline and follow-up surveys. A total of 91% (21/23) of patients would recommend this application to other patients. In addition, clinicians (n=6) and patients/caregivers (n=6) were interviewed to obtain further details on the value of the web-based application with respect to engaging patients and facilitating communication and sharing of information with the health care team. CONCLUSIONS We were successful at designing the MyPath to Home prototype for patients and their caregivers to engage with their clinicians during the transition from geriatric rehabilitation to home. Further work is needed to increase the uptake and usage by clinicians, and determine if this translates to meaningful changes in clinical and functional outcomes. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/11031

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The Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool: Development and Content Validation

Neonatal Network The Journal of Neonatal Nursing ◽

10.1891/0730-0832.36.6.359 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 359-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Britt F. Pados ◽

Hayley H. Estrem ◽

Suzanne M. Thoyre ◽

Jinhee Park ◽

Cara McComish

Keyword(s):

Infant Feeding ◽

Content Validity ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Bottle Feeding ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Validity Indices

AbstractPurpose: To develop and content validate the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool (NeoEAT), a parent-report measure of infant feeding.Design: The NeoEAT was developed in three phases. Phase 1: Items were generated from a literature review, available assessment tools, and parents’ descriptions of problematic feeding in infants. Phase 2: Professionals rated items for relevance and clarity. Content validity indices were calculated. Phase 3: Parent understanding was explored through cognitive interviews.Sample: Phase 1: Descriptions of infant feeding were obtained from 12 parents of children with diagnosed feeding problems and 29 parents of infants younger than seven months. Phase 2: Nine professionals rated items. Phase 3: Sixteen parents of infants younger than seven months completed the cognitive interview.Main Outcome Variable: Content validity of the NeoEAT.Results: Three versions were developed: NeoEAT Breastfeeding (72 items), NeoEAT Bottle Feeding (74 items), and NeoEAT Breastfeeding and Bottle Feeding (89 items).

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MyPath to Home Web-Based Application for the Geriatric Rehabilitation Program at Bruyère Continuing Care: User-Centered Design and Feasibility Testing Study

JMIR Formative Research ◽

10.2196/18169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (9) ◽

pp. e18169

Author(s):

Chantal Backman ◽

Anne Harley ◽

Craig Kuziemsky ◽

Jay Mercer ◽

Liam Peyton

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Health Care Team ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Geriatric Rehabilitation ◽

Phase 2 ◽

User Centered Design ◽

Web Based ◽

Semistructured Interviews ◽

User Centered

Background When older adults return home from geriatric rehabilitation in a hospital, remembering the plethora of medical advice and medical instructions provided can be overwhelming for them and for their caregivers. Objective The overall objective was to develop and test the feasibility of a novel web-based application called MyPath to Home that can be used to manage the personalized needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients during their transition from the hospital to home. Methods This study involved (1) co-designing a patient- and clinician-tailored web-based application and (2) testing the feasibility of the application to manage the needs of geriatric rehabilitation patients when leaving the hospital. In phase 1, we followed a user-centered design process integrated with the modern agile software development methodology to iteratively co-design the application. The approach consisted of three cycles in which we engaged patients, caregivers, and clinicians to design a series of prototypes (cycles 1-3). In phase 2, we conducted a single-arm feasibility pilot test of MyPath to Home. Baseline and follow-up surveys, as well as select semistructured interviews were conducted. Results In phase 1, semistructured interviews and talk-aloud sessions were conducted with patients/caregivers (n=5) and clinicians (n=17) to design the application. In phase 2, patients (n=30), caregivers (n=18), and clinicians (n=20) received access to use the application. Patients and their caregivers were asked to complete baseline and follow-up surveys. A total of 91% (21/23) of patients would recommend this application to other patients. In addition, clinicians (n=6) and patients/caregivers (n=6) were interviewed to obtain further details on the value of the web-based application with respect to engaging patients and facilitating communication and sharing of information with the health care team. Conclusions We were successful at designing the MyPath to Home prototype for patients and their caregivers to engage with their clinicians during the transition from geriatric rehabilitation to home. Further work is needed to increase the uptake and usage by clinicians, and determine if this translates to meaningful changes in clinical and functional outcomes. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/11031

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Rationalization and internalization

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.60.4.215 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 215-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jean-Léon Beauvois

Keyword(s):

Phase 1 ◽

Facilitatory Effect ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Causal Explanations ◽

Reduction Effect ◽

Dissonance Reduction

After having been told they were free to accept or refuse, pupils aged 6–7 and 10–11 (tested individually) were led to agree to taste a soup that looked disgusting (phase 1: initial counter-motivational obligation). Before tasting the soup, they had to state what they thought about it. A week later, they were asked whether they wanted to try out some new needles that had supposedly been invented to make vaccinations less painful. Agreement or refusal to try was noted, along with the size of the needle chosen in case of agreement (phase 2: act generalization). The main findings included (1) a strong dissonance reduction effect in phase 1, especially for the younger children (rationalization), (2) a generalization effect in phase 2 (foot-in-the-door effect), and (3) a facilitatory effect on generalization of internal causal explanations about the initial agreement. The results are discussed in relation to the distinction between rationalization and internalization.

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PENERAPAN MODEL QUANTUM LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR AUTOCAD SISWA KELAS X TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 STABAT

Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan (JTP) ◽

10.24114/jtp.v5i1.509 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdul Hasan Saragih

Keyword(s):

Positive Response ◽

Phase 1 ◽

First Grade ◽

Learning Model ◽

Second Phase ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

The Third ◽

Third Phase ◽

Quantum Learning

This classroom research was conducted on the autocad instructions to the first grade of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat aiming at : (1) improving the student’ archievementon autocad instructional to the student of mechinary architecture class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, (2) applying Quantum Learning Model to the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat, arising the positive response to autocad subject by applying Quantum Learning Model of the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. The result shows that (1) by applying quantum learning model, the students’ achievement improves significantly. The improvement ofthe achievement of the 34 students is very satisfactory; on the first phase, 27 students passed (70.59%), 10 students failed (29.41%). On the second phase 27 students (79.41%) passed and 7 students (20.59%) failed. On the third phase 30 students (88.24%) passed and 4 students (11.76%) failed. The application of quantum learning model in SMK Negeri 1 Stabat proved satisfying. This was visible from the activeness of the students from phase 1 to 3. The activeness average of the students was 74.31% on phase 1,81.35% on phase 2, and 83.63% on phase 3. (3) The application of the quantum learning model on teaching autocad was very positively welcome by the students of mechinary class of SMK Negeri 1 Stabat. On phase 1 the improvement was 81.53% . It improved to 86.15% on phase 3. Therefore, The improvement ofstudent’ response can be categorized good.

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In situ deteriorating patient simulation in general practice

British Journal of General Practice ◽

10.3399/bjgp20x711425 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. bjgp20X711425

Author(s):

Joanna Lawrence ◽

Petronelle Eastwick-Field ◽

Anne Maloney ◽

Helen Higham

Keyword(s):

Life Support ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Patient Simulation ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Action Plans ◽

Integrated Simulation ◽

Deteriorating Patient

BackgroundGP practices have limited access to medical emergency training and basic life support is often taught out of context as a skills-based event.AimTo develop and evaluate a whole team integrated simulation-based education, to enhance learning, change behaviours and provide safer care.MethodPhase 1: 10 practices piloted a 3-hour programme delivering 40 minutes BLS and AED skills and 2-hour deteriorating patient simulation. Three scenarios where developed: adult chest pain, child anaphylaxis and baby bronchiolitis. An adult simulation patient and relative were used and a child and baby manikin. Two facilitators trained in coaching and debriefing used the 3D debriefing model. Phase 2: 12 new practices undertook identical training derived from Phase 1, with pre- and post-course questionnaires. Teams were scored on: team working, communication, early recognition and systematic approach. The team developed action plans derived from their learning to inform future response. Ten of the 12 practices from Phase 2 received an emergency drill within 6 months of the original session. Three to four members of the whole team integrated training, attended the drill, but were unaware of the nature of the scenario before. Scoring was repeated and action plans were revisited to determine behaviour changes.ResultsEvery emergency drill demonstrated improved scoring in skills and behaviour.ConclusionA combination of: in situ GP simulation, appropriately qualified facilitators in simulation and debriefing, and action plans developed by the whole team suggests safer care for patients experiencing a medical emergency.

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Clinical Drug Development for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Collaboration With the Pharmaceutical Industry and Regulatory Agencies

Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

10.21693/1933-088x-9.4.214 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 214-219

Author(s):

Robyn J. Barst

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽

Drug Development ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Preclinical Testing ◽

New Drug ◽

Pulmonary Arterial

Drug development is the entire process of introducing a new drug to the market. It involves drug discovery, screening, preclinical testing, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application in the US or a Clinical Trial Application (CTA) in the EU, phase 1–3 clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and approval, and postapproval studies required for continuing safety evaluation. Preclinical testing assesses safety and biologic activity, phase 1 determines safety and dosage, phase 2 evaluates efficacy and side effects, and phase 3 confirms efficacy and monitors adverse effects in a larger number of patients. Postapproval studies provide additional postmarketing data. On average, it takes 15 years from preclinical studies to regulatory approval by the FDA: about 3.5–6.5 years for preclinical, 1–1.5 years for phase 1, 2 years for phase 2, 3–3.5 years for phase 3, and 1.5–2.5 years for filing the NDA and completing the FDA review process. Of approximately 5000 compounds evaluated in preclinical studies, about 5 compounds enter clinical trials, and 1 compound is approved (Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 2011). Most drug development programs include approximately 35–40 phase 1 studies, 15 phase 2 studies, and 3–5 pivotal trials with more than 5000 patients enrolled. Thus, to produce safe and effective drugs in a regulated environment is a highly complex process. Against this backdrop, what is the best way to develop drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), an orphan disease often rapidly fatal within several years of diagnosis and in which spontaneous regression does not occur?

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