Adolescents with gambling problems: A synopsis of our current knowledge

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Derevensky ◽  
Rina Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Compulsive Gambling ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Excessive Gambling ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Do So

It's been 25 years since Henry Lesieur's seminal research on understanding compulsive gambling was published. While still in its infancy, the field of gambling research has evolved and greatly added to a better understanding of this complex behavior, its measurement, its social and familial costs, ways of minimizing and preventing gambling problems, and methods of treating individuals with gambling problems. For most adolescents and adults gambling remains a form of entertainment without serious negative consequences. Yet, adolescent pathological gamblers, like their adult counterparts and independent of the negative consequences resulting from their excessive gambling, continue to chase their losses, exhibit a preoccupation with gambling, and have an impaired ability to stop gambling in spite of repeated attempts and their desire to do so. Our current empirical knowledge of youth gambling problems is reviewed and recommendations for future research are provided.

Natural course of gambling disorders: Forty-month follow-up

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
Nicole Peden
Keyword(s):  
Natural Course ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gambling Problem ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Gambling Disorders ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Intentions To Quit

The natural course of gambling disorders was examined in 40 active pathological gamblers following a three-and-a-half-year period. The majority who reported intentions to quit or reduce gambling made a serious change attempt; however, at follow-up most were gambling problematically. Emotional and financial factors were important precipitants of attempts to quit as well as reasons for relapse. A substantial number experienced a depressive episode or substance use disorder during the follow-up period. A number reported quitting drinking and smoking concurrent with quitting gambling. Less than half had treatment for their gambling problem during the follow-up interval. The few participants who were currently gambling but no longer experiencing gambling problems reported less serious gambling problems initially. In contrast, the successfully abstinent group reported more gambling problems initially. This study provides important directions for future research. Abstinence may be more feasible for individuals experiencing more serious problems, whereas non-abstinent goals may be realistic for individuals with fewer negative consequences.

The emergence of counterfeit trade: a literature review

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 320-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Staake ◽  
Frédéric Thiesse ◽  
Elgar Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Starting Point

PurposeTrade in counterfeit goods is perceived as a substantial threat to various industries. No longer is the emergence of imitation products confined to branded luxury goods and final markets. Counterfeit articles are increasingly finding their way into other sectors, including the fast‐moving consumer goods, pharmaceutical, and automotive industries – with, in part, severe negative consequences for consumers, licit manufacturers, and brand owners alike. This paper seeks to shed light on the economic principles of counterfeit trade and the underlying illicit supply chains.Design/methodology/approachAn extensive literature review was conducted that comprised contributions from different strands of management research.FindingsThough governments as well as management have clearly identified the problem, very little is known – both in practice and theory – about the mechanisms and structure of the illicit market, the tactics of counterfeit producers, consumer behavior with respect to imitation products and the financial impact on individual companies. The diversity of the counterfeit phenomenon underlines the need for further research in this area and the development of company‐specific measures for fighting product piracy.Research limitations/implicationsThe clandestine nature of the counterfeit market limits direct accessibility to the phenomenon. Consequently, the existing body of literature does not necessarily cover all aspects of counterfeit activities. The review helps to highlight existing research gaps but may not be able to identify additional aspects of the phenomenon that, thus far, have not been deemed relevant.Originality/valueThe paper critically reviews the current state of research across different management‐related disciplines. From an academic perspective it may serve as a starting point for a future research agenda that addresses the current knowledge gaps. From a practitioner's perspective it is helpful for understanding the relevant influence factors and for developing appropriate, state‐of‐the‐art counterstrategies.

scholarly journals Impact of Housing Environment on the Immune System in Chickens: A Review

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Hofmann ◽  
Sonja S. Schmucker ◽  
Werner Bessei ◽  
Michael Grashorn ◽  
Volker Stefanski
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

During their lifespan, chickens are confronted with a wide range of acute and chronic stressors in their housing environment that may threaten their welfare and health by modulating the immune system. Especially chronic stressful conditions can exceed the individual’s allostatic load, with negative consequences for immunity. A fully functional immune system is mandatory for health and welfare and, consequently, also for high productivity and safe animal products. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of housing form, light regime as well as aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations on the immune system in chickens. Certain housing conditions are clearly associated with immunological alterations which potentially impair the success of vaccinations or affect disease susceptibility. Such poor conditions counteract sustainable poultry production. This review also outlines current knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future research.

Risk Factors for Adolescent Marijuana Use

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Catalano ◽  
Elizabeth C. Speaker ◽  
Martie L. Skinner ◽  
Jennifer A. Bailey ◽  
Ge Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Adolescent Marijuana Use

Marijuana use has been linked to a wide variety of negative consequences, especially for those who initiate use in early adolescence and become daily or regular users as a teenager. If these negative consequences are to be avoided, prevention efforts must focus upstream on childhood and adolescent developmental periods before marijuana use is initiated or has become frequent. Upstream prevention targets factors that predict initiation and escalation of marijuana use, which are often called risk and protective factors. This chapter provides a review of current knowledge about risk and protective factors, with an emphasis on psychosocial variables specific to marijuana, differentiating predictors of marijuana use from predictors of other legal and illegal drugs when possible. The chapter also provides suggestions for future research in light of the rapidly changing legal and community conditions related to access, availability, and norms of marijuana use.

scholarly journals Animal Cognition in an Urbanised World

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Lee ◽  
Alex Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Do So

Explaining how animals respond to an increasingly urbanised world is a major challenge for evolutionary biologists. Urban environments often present animals with novel problems that differ from those encountered in their evolutionary past. To navigate these rapidly changing habitats successfully, animals may need to adjust their behaviour flexibly over relatively short timescales. These behavioural changes, in turn, may be facilitated by an ability to acquire, store, and process information from the environment. The question of how cognitive abilities allow animals to avoid threats and exploit resources (or constrain their ability to do so) is attracting increasing research interest, with a growing number of studies investigating cognitive and behavioural differences between urban-dwelling animals and their non-urban counterparts. In this review we consider why such differences might arise, focusing on the informational challenges faced by animals living in urban environments, and how different cognitive abilities can assist in overcoming these challenges. We focus largely on birds, as avian taxa have been the subject of most research to date, but discuss work in other species where relevant. We also address the potential consequences of cognitive variation at the individual and species level. For instance, do urban environments select for, or influence the development of, particular cognitive abilities? Are individuals or species with particular cognitive phenotypes more likely to become established in urban habitats? How do other factors, such as social behaviour and individual personality, interact with cognition to influence behaviour in urban environments? The aim of this review is to synthesise current knowledge and identify key avenues for future research, in order to improve our understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of urbanisation.

The Effect of Pathological Gambling on Families, Marriages, and Children

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha C. Shaw ◽  
Kelsie T. Forbush ◽  
Jessica Schlinder ◽  
Eugene Rosenman ◽  
Donald W. Black
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTPathological gambling (PG) is widely reported to have negative consequences on marriages, families, and children. Empirical evidence is only now accumulating but when put together with anecdotal information, the extent of these problems is clear. PG contributes to chaos and dysfunction within the family unit, disrupts marriages, leading to high rates of separation and divorce, and is associated with child abuse and neglect. Divorce rates are high, not surprising in light of reports that these marriages are often abusive. Research shows that the families of pathological gamblers are filled with members who gamble excessively, suffer from depressive or anxiety disorders, and misuse alcohol, drugs, or both. Families of persons with PG are also large, a variable independently related to family dysfunction. The authors review the evidence on the impact of PG on families, marriages, and offspring, and make recommendations for future research targeting these problems.

scholarly journals Loss of resistance to punishment of cocaine use after prior experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Durand ◽  
Paul Girardeau ◽  
Luana Freese ◽  
Serge H. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Daily Basis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Passive Exposure ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Punishment Intensity ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTOne behavioral feature of drug addiction is continued drug use despite awareness that this causes negative consequences. Attempts to model this feature in animals typically involve punishing drug self-administration with a brief electrical footshock and look for resistance to punishment. Though all individual animals eventually stop self-administering the drug with increasing intensity of punishment, some individuals do so at higher intensities than other individuals. The greater relative resistance to punishment of the former individuals is generally interpreted as evidence for a compulsion-like behavior. Here we show that resistance to footshock punishment is in fact not a stable individual behavioral feature. Specifically, when rats are retested for their resistance to increasing intensity of footshock punishment, they become much less resistant. As a result, they suppress their cocaine intake even when punished with an initially low and ineffective intensity. A series of original behavioral experiments reveals that this low resistance to footshock punishment is rapidly acquired after rats experience a punishment intensity that leads them to near-completely suppress their cocaine intake. Passive exposure to the same intensity does not induce this effect. Once acquired, low resistance to punishment persists during at least one month, but can nevertheless be extinguished by retesting rats on a daily basis. Interestingly, this acquired low resistance to footshock punishment does not generalize to a non-painful form of punishment (i.e., histamine) that is also seldom used in animal drug self-administration studies. We discuss some possible theoretical and methodological implications of these findings for future research on animal models of compulsion-like behavior.

Widening the net: A syndemic approach to responsible gambling

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Nower ◽  
Kyle R. Caler
Keyword(s):  
Informed Choice ◽  
Responsible Gambling ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Excessive Gambling ◽  
Worthy Goal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Related Harm

Abstract. Background: Attempts to address gambling-related harms have evolved rubrics to foster responsible gambling and informed choice. Those efforts have largely focused on apportioning the relative responsibility placed on government, industry, and individuals for reducing excessive gambling that leads to adverse consequences. Empirical evaluations of responsible gambling measures, together with proposed frameworks that set out guidelines for accountability, have met with mixed results and criticism from divergent groups of stakeholders. Aim: While harm reduction remains a worthy goal, this position paper argues against maintaining a stringent focus on the government-industry-individual triumvirate in favor of adopting a syndemic approach to gambling-related harms. Approach: A syndemic perspective suggests that gambling disorder intersects, coexists, precedes or follows other comorbid conditions and interacts with social and environmental factors that promote and enhance the negative consequences of gambling problems. This paper discussions potential syndemic stakeholders and challenges in the implementation of this approach. Conclusions: Initiatives to reduce gambling-related harm should adopt a broader perspective, involving stakeholders from diverse syndemic problem areas in developing a network to identify and address gambling problems in early stages of development across multiple settings.

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

Amruthapala (Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter): A Comprehensive Review on Diversity, Therapeutic Uses, and Valorization of Bioactive Constituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Mishra ◽  
Nupur Srivastava ◽  
Velusamy Sundaresan ◽  
Karuna Shanker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Decalepis Arayalpathra

Background: Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter is used primarily for nutrition besides its therapeutic values. Traditional preparations/formulations from its tuber are used as a vitalizer and blood purifier drink. The folklore medicinal uses cover inflammation, cough, wound healing, antipyretic, and digestive system management. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the plant is required due to emerging concerns over its safety and efficacy. Objective: The systematic collection of the authentic information from different sources with the critical discussion is summarised in order to address various issues related to botanical identity, therapeutic medicine, nutritional usage, phytochemical, and pharmacological potentials of the D. arayalpathra. Current use of traditional systems of medicine can be used to expand future research opportunities. Materials and Methods: Available scripted information was collected manually, from peered review research papers and international databases viz. Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, etc. The unpublished resources which were not available in database were collected through the classical books of ‘Ayurveda’ and ‘Siddha’ published in regional languages. The information from books, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, conference papers and government reports were also collected. We thoroughly screened the scripted information of classical books, titles, abstracts, reports, and full-texts of the journals to establish the reliability of the content. Results: Tuber bearing vanilla like signature flavor is due to the presence of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB). Among five other species, Decalepis arayalpathra (DA) has come under the ‘critically endangered’ category, due to over-exploitation for traditional, therapeutic and cool drink use. The experimental studies proved that it possesses gastro-protective, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities. Some efforts were also made to develop better therapeutics by logical modifications in 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, which is a major secondary metabolite of D. arayalpathra. ‘Amruthapala’ offers the enormous opportunity to develop herbal drink with health benefits like gastro-protective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Results: The plant has the potential to generate the investigational new lead (IND) based on its major secondary metabolite i.e. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on Decalepis arayalpathra, covering its phytochemical diversity, biological potentials, strategies for its conservation, and intellectual property rights (IPR) status. Chemical Compounds: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 69600), α-amyrin acetate (Pubchem CID: 293754), Magnificol (Pubchem CID: 44575983), β-sitosterol (Pubchem CID: 222284), 3-hydroxy-p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127), Naringenin (Pubchem CID: 932), Kaempferol (Pubchem CID: 5280863), Aromadendrin (Pubchem CID: 122850), 3-methoxy-1,2-cyclopentanedione (Pubchem CID: 61209), p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 31244), Menthyl acetate (Pubchem CID: 27867), Benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 240), p-cymene (Pubchem CID: 7463), Salicylaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 6998), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (Pubchem CID: 6430754), α -amyrin (Pubchem CID: 225688), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127).

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