scholarly journals Children Without Childhood: The Emotionality of Orphaned Children and Images of Their Rescuers in Selected Works of English and Canadian Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-135
Author(s):  
Irena Avsenik Nabergoj
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Orphaned Children ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Anne Michaels ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article deals with literary depictions of social, political, cultural and religious circumstances in which children who have lost one or both parents at birth or at a later age have found themselves. The weakest members of society, the children looked at here are exposed to dangers, exploitation and violence, but are fortunate enough to be rescued by a relative or other sympathetic person acting out of benevolence. Recognizing that the relationship between the orphaned child, who is in mortal danger, and a rescuer, who most frequently appears unexpectedly in a relationship, has been portrayed in narratives throughout the ages and that we can therefore speak of it as being an archetypal one, the article focuses especially on three novels by Charles Dickens – Oliver Twist (1837–1839), David Copperfield (1849–1850) and Great Expectations (1860–1861) – and in Fugitive Pieces (1996) by Canadian writer Anne Michaels. Charles Dickens earned the reputation of a classic writer through his original literary figures of orphaned children in the context of the rough capitalism of the Victorian era of the 19th century. Such originality also distinguishes Anne Michaels, whose novel Fugitive Pieces portrays the utterly traumatic circumstances that a Jewish boy is exposed to after the Germans kill his parents during the Holocaust. All the central children’s lives in these extreme situations are saved by generous people, thus highlighting the central idea of both selected authors: that evil cannot overcome good. Rescuers experience their selfless resolve to save extremely powerless and unprotected child victims of violence from life-threatening situations as a self-evident moral imperative. Through their profound and deeply experienced descriptions of memories of traumas successfully overcome by central literary figures in a spirit of compassion and solidarity, Charles Dickens and Anne Michaels have left testaments of hope against hope for future generations.

scholarly journals Depiction of Victorian Era in the Novel Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p17
Author(s):  
Farhana Haque
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Victorian England ◽  
Great Expectation ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Class System ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Middle Class Family

Charles Dickens’ Great Expectation actually did reflect the Victorian society and therefore the morality of that era’s people inside of the novel. Since we know that Victorian era basically present some features such as virtue, strength, thrift, manners, cleanliness, honesty and chastity. These are the morals that Victorian people used to hold with high esteem. In this novel Great Expectations, Dickens has created some Victorian characters whom we have seen both in good working way or not at all. But the protagonist named Pip was dynamic and he went through some several changes and dealt with different and significant moral issues. Somehow Pip left behind all the values he was raised with. Because Miss Havisham and Estella have corrupted Pip with rich life. Greed, beauty and arrogance were his ingredient of immoral life. The other characters like Joe and Biddy were static characters throughout the entire novel and became noticeable to be the manifestation of what we call as ideal Victorians. The main heroin of this novel was Estella with whom Pip thought he had some love connection. Hence, Estella has been presented as a good in the sense of potentiality and turned morally bad. Miss Havisham, who was basically a corrupt woman and she engraved the center of the novel. Great Expectations did disclose how was the situation of Victorian society through some important features such as higher class, corrupted judicial system between rural and urban England. Here in this novel, Dickens was concern about the education system in Victorian era where the lower class people get less opportunities of getting proper education. From the beginning to the end of this novel, Dickens explored some significant issues regarding higher and lower class system of Victorian society which did fluctuate from the greatest woeful criminal named Magwitch to the needy people of the swamp country, where Joe and Biddy were the symbol of that regime. After that we can proceed to the middle class family where Pumblechook was the person to represent that regime. Last but not the least Miss Havisham symbolized and bear flag of very rich and sophisticated Victorian woman who has represented the higher class society in the novel Great Expectations. Hence we can say Great Expectations has talked and displayed the class system of Victorian England and the characters of this novel therefore also did uphold the true reflection of Victorian era.

Ambivalence of Identity as an Extension of Colonial Discourse in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations and Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Göksel Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
White Tiger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Societal Problems

The aim of this study is to critically analyse the identity issue based on postcolonial theory in one of the most important novels of the Victorian era, Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations and another novel, The White Tiger with which Indian writer Aravind Adiga won the Booker Prize in 2008. This study attempts to implement such an exploration not only in the context of western thought, but also from different angles with the realities of the oppressed nations of the Third World, especially India in order to construct the ‘other’ based on the other individuality. Both of the prominent writers in their works lay bare many scenes that focus on the problems of the heroes creating the basis of the events in question. That is why they take into consideration the state of the individual, because the central characters’ conflicts and developments present different aspects of the novel while constructing the individuality and identity behind the societal problems in terms of class conflict. They live under different circumstances to discover themselves and in each of the novels we can bear witness to the existence of some characters who achieve a sense of personal and social identity in the Victorian society of England, a time when great social and economic changes were taking place; and then in India where people suffer from the administrations of the members of Gandhi family led by especially Indira and Rajiv Gandhi. This study thereby examines how the individuals are exposed to the social, economic and political factors of the country where they live.

Sadomasochistic dynamics inside and outside the consulting room

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Carine Minne
Keyword(s):  
Main Function ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Life Threatening

This article will illustrate sadomasochistic dynamics as they arise within the consulting room and highlight the main function of perversions. Although the term “perversion” can be considered outdated, or worse, pejorative, if used in its original meaning, it remains the most appropriate term to describe the plight of certain patients who suffer from a specific sexualised form of acting out. One aim of the perversion is to attempt to reverse an earlier trauma by turning that passive experience, often not consciously remembered, into an active one. The patient suffering from a perversion replaces unwanted or unbearable historical affects with current actions that are sadomasochistic, sexually exciting, and highly gratifying, albeit temporarily, thereby keeping the patient’s mind far away from the desolation of the initial trauma. At times, the actions patients are driven to for survival are paradoxically life-threatening. I will briefly refer to the difficulties of the countertransference in working with perverse patients.

scholarly journals Back in time for utopia: Neo-Victorian utopianism and the return to William Morris

2020 ◽  
pp. 136754942098000
Author(s):  
Joe PL Davidson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Reality Television ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Victorian Studies ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Cultural Imaginary ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century

When we think of the Victorian era, images of shrouded piano legs, dismal factories and smoggy streets often come to mind. However, the 19th century has been rediscovered in recent years as the home of something quite different: bold utopian visions of the future. William Morris’ great literary utopia News from Nowhere, first published in 1890, is an interesting case study in this context. Morris’ text is the point of departure for a number of recent returns to Victorian utopianism, including Sarah Woods’ updated radio adaptation of News from Nowhere (2016) and the BBC’s historical reality television series The Victorian House of Arts and Crafts (2019). In this article, I analyse these Morris-inspired texts with the aim of exploring the place of old visions of the future in the contemporary cultural imaginary. Building on previous work in neo-Victorian studies and utopian studies, the claim is made that the return to 19th-century dreams is a plural phenomenon that has a number of divergent effects. More specifically, neo-Victorian utopianism can function to demonstrate the obsolescence of old visions of utopia, prompt a longing for the clarity and radicality of the utopias of the Victorian moment, or encourage a process of rejuvenating the utopian impulse in the present via a detour through the past.

Protection of orphans and children left without parental care from violence and abuse: legal grounds and psychological assistance

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Ul'yanina ◽  
Olga Gavrilova ◽  
Olga Timur
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Psychological Assistance ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
Special Category ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

The paper deals with the problem of abuse and violence against minors, among which the authors distinguish a special category: orphans and children left without parental care. Approaches to the definition and forms of violence and ill-treatment of minors are described. The psychological causes and consequences of violence and ill-treatment are analyzed. Technologies for providing psychological assistance to child victims of violence and abuse are offered. A significant part of the work is devoted to the consideration of the features of interdepartmental interaction on prevention and timely detection of signs and consequences of abuse and violence against children. The result of such an analysis was the development of a model regulation describing the procedural and legal issues of coordinating such interaction between specialists from different departments in order to protect the interests of minors. The work is addressed to psychologists, teachers, specialists of organizations for children.

scholarly journals An Attempt at Applying Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale on Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWEJ for Translation & Literary Studies ◽  
Khalid LAHLOU
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Organic Unity

The present paper is an attempt at approaching Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations from a morphological perspective based upon Vladimir Propp’s Morphology of the Folktale. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part is concerned with a brief view of the nature of formalism: its background and its process of analysis. The second part is devoted to putting into practice what has been dealt with in the first part. It will be mostly concerned with the question as to whether all the functions of dramatis personae as stated by Propp figure in the object of analysis, Great Expectations. Finally, the paper will draw the conclusion as to whether the aforementioned elements constitute an organic unity.

scholarly journals Of Grim Witches and Showy Lady-Devils: Wealthy Women in Literature and Film

Text Matters ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Veronika Schuchter
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Women In Literature ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Societal Expectations ◽  
Literature And Film ◽  
Wealthy Women

Imagining super rich women in the real and fictional world has long been a struggle. Those few depictions that do exist are scattered across time periods and literary genres, reflecting the legal restrictions that, at different points in time, would not allow women to accumulate assets independent of the patriarchal forces in their lives. The scarcity of extremely wealthy women in literature and film is confirmed by Forbes magazine’s list of the fifteen richest fictional characters that features forty different fictional men and only nine women, with never more than two female characters nominated in a single year. This article explores the depiction of three exceptionally wealthy women: Cruella de Vil in The Hundred and One Dalmatians (1956) by Dodie Smith, Miss Havisham in Great Expectations (1861) by Charles Dickens, and the figure of the stepmother in various adaptations of “Cinderella.” I demonstrate how the protagonists’ wealth allows them to manipulate others and disconnect themselves from patriarchal and societal expectations. Further, I argue that these affluent antagonists are “rogued” by their respective narratives, highlighting their perceived anti-feminine and emasculating behaviour resulting in a mode of narration that greedily gazes at and shames their appearances and supposed unattractiveness. While this genealogy of rich rogues reiterates the narrow scope of imagining wealthy women on the page and on the screen, there are moments in the narratives that disrupt stereotypical depictions of these wealthy characters who defy the labels imposed on them.

scholarly journals Women’s Voices in the Victorian Era – Feminist Consciousness in the Bronte Sisters’ Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Linshuo Qi
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Jane Eyre ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Victorian Era ◽  
Wuthering Heights ◽  
Feminist Consciousness ◽  
Narrative Thread ◽  
The 19Th Century

Before the Victorian era, it was rare for women to be authors and writers to fix the protagonists of their works as female characters. However, in the 19th century, there was a rapid increase of women writers and emphasis on feminist consciousness. Among all the works of women writers, Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights which were written by the Bronte sisters were distinctive. The Bronte sisters conveyed their feminist consciousness and described the society in their works. Both works emphasized romantic relationships as the narrative thread. By shaping the female characters in their works as self-reliant women who fought for equivalence and freedom in the era where male chauvinism occupied leadership roles, the Bronte sisters conveyed their eagerness for freedom, equality, and their feminist consciousness. This paper combines features of the Victorian era and the Bronte sisters’ life experiences to analyze feminist consciousness in these two works and make comparisons between them.

scholarly journals STRATEGI PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM MENANGANI CHILD ABUSE DI PANTI SOSIAL MARSUDI PUTRA PARAMITA MATARAM

AL-TAZKIAH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Mardiana Ulfa
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Child Victims ◽  
The Social ◽  
Skill Groups ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Children’S Behaviour ◽  
Work Method

The act of child abuse often occurs in children because of low economic actors so that the protection, education, health, and basic needs of a child being neglected. Children who experience, witness and experience abuse directly experience traumatic conditions, where the trauma is in the form of psychological trauma that is embedded in the child’s subconscious. Often children who are victims of violence will have prolonged psychological disorders, for children who are victims will usually form a bad self-image, diffcult to trust other people, experience excessive fear, have no life expectancy, depression, stress and desire - suicidal desire. The strategy of social workers in handling child abuse at the Marsudi Putra Paramita Mataram social institution is to use the casework and group work method. In the casework method social workers carry out counselling as an alternative problem solving and help children who are victims of violence solve their problems through the stages of counselling. Whereas the groovy work method of social workers at the Marsudi Putra Paramita Social Institution in Mataram uses a religious approach as a technique to restore the healthy mentality of children who are victims of violence. In addition to the religious approach, social workers also provide social guidance as a provision for children’s behaviour to be accepted by the community. Social workers with a group approach aim to restore the social and psychological functions of child victims of violence to form groups such as skill groups, discussion groups and skill groups as a way for children to reduce stress and trauma through positive activities.

scholarly journals Human genetic basis of interindividual variability in the course of infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (51) ◽  
pp. E7118-E7127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Laurent Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The key problem in human infectious diseases was posed at the turn of the 20th century: their pathogenesis. For almost any given virus, bacterium, fungus, or parasite, life-threatening clinical disease develops in only a small minority of infected individuals. Solving this infection enigma is important clinically, for diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment. Some microbes will inevitably remain refractory to, or escape vaccination, or chemotherapy, or both. The solution also is important biologically, because the emergence and evolution of eukaryotes alongside more rapidly evolving prokaryotes, archaea, and viruses posed immunological challenges of an ecological and evolutionary nature. We need to study these challenges in natural, as opposed to experimental, conditions, and also at the molecular and cellular levels. According to the human genetic theory of infectious diseases, inborn variants underlie life-threatening infectious diseases. Here I review the history of the field of human genetics of infectious diseases from the turn of the 19th century to the second half of the 20th century. This paper thus sets the scene, providing the background information required to understand and appreciate the more recently described monogenic forms of resistance or predisposition to specific infections discussed in a second paper in this issue.

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