Phase and chemical composition analysis of pigments used in Cucuteni Neolithic painted ceramics

Two analytical methods – 241Am-based X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction (SR-XRD) – were used to investigate the elemental and mineralogical composition of pigments which decorate some Cucuteni Neolithic ceramic sherds. Local hematite and local calcite were the main components for red and white pigments, respectively. For black pigments, iron oxides (e.g. magnetite) were used. They were often mixed with manganese oxides (e.g. jacobsite), which originated from Iacobeni manganese minerals deposits on the Bistrita River. Taking into account the results of the experiments, several conclusions regarding manufacturing procedures employed, and potential trade routes during the Neolithic were drawn.

Download Full-text

Crystallization of simonkolleite (Zn5Cl2(OH)8 ∙ H2O) in powder samples prepared for mineral composition analysis by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD)

Nafta-Gaz ◽

10.18668/ng.2021.05.02 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 293-298

Author(s):

Urszula Zagórska ◽

◽

Sylwia Kowalska ◽

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Internal Standard ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

Internal Standard Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Method Error ◽

X Ray ◽

Significant Difference

The analysis of mineralogical composition by quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) is one of the standard research methods used in hydrocarbon exploration. In order to improve it and to obtain better results, the methodology of quantitative analysis used at Well Logging Department is being periodically (more or less) modified. After the introduction of the improvements, comparative analyses were performed on archival samples. Reflections from an unidentified phase which did not occur in the tested Rotliegend sandstone samples were noticed on X-ray diffractograms of archival samples. Reflections of a mineral called simonkolleite were identified in the X-ray diffraction database. Chemically it is a hydrated zinc chloride of the formula: Zn5Cl2(OH)8 × H2O. Analysis of the composition of samples in which simonkolleite crystallised, indicated that the mineral is being formed in the result of the slow reaction of zinc oxide with halite (NaCl) and water vapour. An attempt was made to determine the influence of the presence of this mineral on the results of the quantitative analysis of mineralogical composition. The above methodology was applied on a group of ten samples. The results of the quantitative analysis conducted for archival samples stored with added zincite standard containing simonkolleite and for new, freshly grinded (without artifact) samples were compared. The comparison of the obtained results showed a slight influence of this mineral on the quantitative composition of the remaining components. The difference between the results usually did not exceed the method error. At the same time a significant difference in the calculated content of the internal standard was noted – on average 1% less in archival than in new samples. This shows that the reaction occurring in the archival samples will affect the evaluation of the quality of the obtained quantitative analysis, at the same time excluding the possibility of determining the rock’s amorphous substance content with the internal standard method.

Download Full-text

Influence of Wollastonite or Plant Fiber on Performance of Autoclaved Cement Concrete

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.99-100.692 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 99-100 ◽

pp. 692-695

Author(s):

Tie Quan Ni ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Bing Yuan

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Cement Concrete ◽

Plant Fiber ◽

X Ray ◽

Strength Change ◽

Chemical Composition Analysis

The influence of wollastonite or plant fiber on the property of autoclaved cement concrete is studied by chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the two fibers were benefit to bending strength of autoclaved cement concrete. The suitable content of wollastonite was about 15% of cement mass, and the increased amplitude of flexural strength was more than 30% and the compressive strength slightly increased for autoclaved cement concrete admixed wollastonite. The optimal content of plant fiber was about 1.5% of cement mass, the increased amplitude of the flexural strength was more than 20%, and the compressive strength change of autoclaved cement concrete was not significant for autoclaved cement concrete admixed plant fiber.

Download Full-text

Effect of NaClO dosage on the structure of degummed hemp fibers by 2,2,6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-laccase degumming

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517517736476 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (1) ◽

pp. 76-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Liu Liu ◽

Yeping Xiang ◽

Ruiyun Zhang ◽

Bei Li ◽

Jianyong Yu

Keyword(s):

Composition Analysis ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Hemp Fibers ◽

Cellulosic Materials ◽

X Ray ◽

Chemical Composition Analysis ◽

Degumming Process ◽

Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Shed Light

In this study, different dosages of NaClO were used in the 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-laccase degumming system to remove non-cellulosic materials, and their effects on the structure of hemp fibers were analyzed and discussed. A scanning electron microscope was used to depict the surface morphology of fibers after oxidative degumming under various dosages of NaClO in the TEMPO-laccase degumming system. Chemical composition analysis was used to determine the content changes of the different components. Meanwhile, the content of functional groups was also discussed. Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction were employed to evaluate the microstructural changes of degummed hemp fibers obtained from the degumming processes with different dosages of NaClO. The results showed that after the TEMPO-laccase system degumming process with a NaClO dosage of 16%, the cleanest and smoothest surface of degummed fibers could be observed and the non-cellulosic materials were significantly removed without any crystalline transformation or damage in the cellulose. This research could shed light on determining favorable operation parameters for hemp oxidation degumming and increasing the degumming efficiency, as well as in the oxidation control and quality assurance of hemp fibers for textile downstream end uses.

Download Full-text

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a new potassium phosphatoantimonate

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1994.2745 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 2745-2746 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yonglin An ◽

Shouhua Feng ◽

Yihua Xu ◽

Ruren Xu ◽

Yong Yue

Keyword(s):

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Monoclinic System ◽

X Ray ◽

Monovalent Ions ◽

Nmr Techniques ◽

Chemical Composition Analysis

A new potassium phosphatoantimonate with a composition of 4K2O · 4Sb2O5 · P2O5 · 8H2O, which crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a = 23.952 Å, b = 9.515 Å, c = 8.193 Å, and β = 124.77, was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, chemical composition analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 31P MAS-NMR techniques. The potassium ion can be exchanged by other monovalent ions.

Download Full-text

Chemical and Mineralogical Composition Analysis of Different Nigerian Metakaolins

Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering ◽

10.33736/jaspe.3884.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 953-964

Author(s):

Ike Chimdieze Daniel ◽

William Ghann ◽

Igboko Ndubuisi Ndubuisi ◽

Kenneth Okpala ◽

Birol Ozturk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silicon Oxide ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sem Images ◽

X Ray ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Edo State ◽

Constituent Elements ◽

Scanning Electron

In this work, four different metakaolin samples (C01, A6060, B6075, and C12090) were investigated to determine their constituent elements and the relative quantities of the oxide contents associated with each of the elements. Kaolin samples were collected from different sites at Okpella, a village in the Edo state of Nigeria, West Africa. The metakaolin was produced by calcination at 750℃, which was followed by the dealumination process. The prepared samples were characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Resonance (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Digital images were obtained and analyzed to determine the texture and porosity of the samples. FE-SEM images showed a slight difference in the morphology of the samples. Differing percentages of metal oxides were determined from the samples using EDS analysis. The major oxides present in all the samples were Silica (Silicon oxide) and Alumina (Aluminium dioxide). Aluminium was completely absent in C12090 but had a large percentage of silicon (36%).

Download Full-text

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065523 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

C. Wolpers ◽

R. Blaschke

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Bile Pigment ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Triclinic Crystal System ◽

X Ray ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Infra Red ◽

Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Download Full-text

Leaching Studies of Cement-Glass Package Containing Sodium Borate

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-84-393 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Masahiro Okamoto ◽

Koichi Chino ◽

Tsutomu Baba ◽

Tatsuo Izumida ◽

Fumio Kawamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Silicate ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Sodium Borate ◽

Pressurized Water Reactor ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Adsorption Ability ◽

Pressurized Water ◽

X Ray ◽

Solidification Reaction ◽

Main Components

AbstractA new solidification technique using cement-glass, which is a mixture of sodium silicate, cement, additives, and initiator of the solidification reaction, was developed for sodium borate liquid waste generated from pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants. The cement-glass could solidify eight times as much sodium borate as cement could, because the solidifying reaction of the cement-glass is not hindered by borate ions.The reaction mechanism of sodium silicate and phosphoric silicate (initiator), the main components of cement-glass, was studied through X-ray diffraction and compressive strength measurements. It was found that three- dimensionally bonded silicon dioxide was produced by polymerization of the two silicates. The leaching ratio of cesium from the cement-glass package was one-tenth that of the cement one. This low value was attributed to a high cesium adsorption ability of the cement-glass and it could be theoretically predicted accordingly.

Download Full-text

BETTER UNDERSTANDING THE GEOLOGY OF CENTRAL CUBA THROUGH STREAM SEDIMENT COMPOSITION ANALYSIS USING X-RAY DIFFRACTION

10.1130/abs/2019am-339415 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Landon Williamson ◽

◽

Nicolas Perdrial ◽

John M. Hughes ◽

Mae Kate Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stream Sediment ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sediment Composition ◽

X Ray

Download Full-text

Sedimentary Clays as Geopolymer Precursor

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.39.97 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 97-111

Author(s):

F. Mostefa ◽

Nasr Eddine Bouhamou ◽

H.A. Mesbah ◽

Salima Aggoun ◽

D. Mekhatria

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Cementitious Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Calcination Time ◽

Calorimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Before And After ◽

Mechanical Performances

This work aims to study the feasibility of making a geopolymer cement based on dredged sediments, from the Fergoug dam (Algeria) and to evaluate their construction potential particularly interesting in the field of special cementitious materials. These sediments due to their mineralogical composition as aluminosilicates; are materials that can be used after heat treatment. Sedimentary clays were characterized before and after calcination by X-ray diffraction, ATG / ATD, spectroscopy (FTIR) and XRF analysis. The calcination was carried out on the raw material sieved at 80 μm for a temperature of 750 ° C, for 3.4 and 5 hours. The reactivity of the calcined products was measured using isothermal calorimetric analysis (DSC) on pastes prepared by mixing an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 M in an amount allowing to have a Na / Al ratio close to 1 (1: 1). Also, cubic mortar samples were prepared with a ratio L / S: 0.8, sealed and cured for 24 hours at 60 ° C and then at room temperature until the day they were submited to mechanical testing. to check the extent of geopolymerization. The results obtained allowed to optimize the calcination time of 5 hours for a better reactivity of these sediments, and a concentration of 8M of sodium hydroxide and more suitable to have the best mechanical performances.

Download Full-text

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.964.240 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 964 ◽

pp. 240-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amaliya Rasyida ◽

Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽

Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽

Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽

Yeny Widya Rakhmawati

Keyword(s):

Sodium Alginate ◽

Brown Algae ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Composition Analysis ◽

3D Printer ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Printed ◽

Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

Download Full-text