Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

Structural and Surface Morphology of ZnO

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Salwa Zainal Abidin ◽  
Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman ◽  
Wilfred Paulus ◽  
Ahmad Khairulikram Zahari ◽  
Khaironie Mohammad Takip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Solvent Extraction Technique

The raw material of the extraction process is dust from the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). EAFD is a byproduct of steel mills which comprises mainly of iron (33-35%) and zinc (22-27%). In this study, ZnO was extracted and purified from EAFD using solvent extraction technique to remove other impurities. Solvent extraction process can easily be adapted into small and large capacities. Characterization of the samples has been done and the results show the production of purity of ZnO samples was quite high. The sample was characterized using equipment such as X-ray fluorescence, XRF, X-ray diffraction, XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin Extracted from Cicada orni Sloughs Harvested in Three Different Years and Characterization of the Resulting Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11278
Author(s):  
Aurelia Poerio ◽  
Thomas Girardet ◽  
Chloé Petit ◽  
Solenne Fleutot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Jehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan

Chitin and its derivative chitosan are among the most used polysaccharides for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Most of the commercially available chitin is obtained from seafood wastes. However, the interest in alternative renewable sources of chitin and chitosan, such as insects, is growing. When new sources are identified, their stability over time has to be evaluated to allow for their commercialization. The aim of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties of chitin extracted from Cicada orni sloughs harvested in three different years (2017, 2019 and 2020) in order to assess the stability of the source and the repeatability of the extraction process. Chitin and its derivative chitosan were characterized by simple techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results suggest that the physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin varied from year to year, and that these differences are not due to the extraction process, but rather to intrinsic differences within the source. We showed that these differences could already be detected by analyzing the raw material (i.e., cicada sloughs) using the above-mentioned simple methods. The chitosan obtained from deacetylation of chitin had a low degree of deacetylation (66.2±1.6%). This low degree of deacetylation can be attributed to the deacetylation process, which is probably not appropriate for this source of chitin.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Selenium Nanowires

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Senthil kumaran ◽  
S. Agilan ◽  
Dhayalan Velauthapillai ◽  
N. Muthukumarasamy ◽  
M. Thambidurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Method ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Selenium Nanowires ◽  
Trigonal Phase

Selenium nanowires have been grown by chemical method. The effect of annealing on the properties of the prepared selenium nanowires has been studied. The X-ray diffraction studies indicated the formation of selenium with trigonal phase, and no secondary phase was observed. The composition analysis results show that selenium is present in the sample. HRTEM images reveal that selenium nanowires have diameter ranging from 30–50 nm and length of 1-2 μm. The diameter and length of nanowires have been found to increase with increase in annealing temperature.

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of a new potassium phosphatoantimonate

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2745-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonglin An ◽  
Shouhua Feng ◽  
Yihua Xu ◽  
Ruren Xu ◽  
Yong Yue
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Monoclinic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Nmr Techniques ◽  
Chemical Composition Analysis

A new potassium phosphatoantimonate with a composition of 4K2O · 4Sb2O5 · P2O5 · 8H2O, which crystallizes in a monoclinic system with a = 23.952 Å, b = 9.515 Å, c = 8.193 Å, and β = 124.77, was hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by powder x-ray diffraction, chemical composition analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and 31P MAS-NMR techniques. The potassium ion can be exchanged by other monovalent ions.

Characterization of Soils as Potential Raw Materials for Soil Stabilization Application Using Geopolymerization Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 803 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Z. Sharifah Zaliha ◽  
Abdullah Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri ◽  
Hussin Kamarudin ◽  
A. Fauziah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Soft soil has been associated to many problems especially in engineering field. Continues research and studies are done to find other alternatives in soil stabilization that environmental friendly and economic. Geopolymerization is one of the developing fields that can fulfill those requirements. In this preliminary study, three samples of soil (Soil 1, 2 and 3) were examined to investigate their potential for geopolymerization method based on their characterization. X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were conducted. From the results, the soils do have potential, however, further investigations need to be done after this study to evaluate whether the soils are suitable using geopolymerization method for soil stabilization.

Extraction and Characterization of Natural Hydroxyapatite from Goat Bone for Biomedical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 573-578
Author(s):  
Sarfa Azian Ismail ◽  
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Micron Size

Bioactive apatite, which is hydroxyapatite (HAP) with the chemical formula of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 have been extensively investigated for biomedical applications in bone and teeth implants due to its biocompatibility characteristics has similar physical-chemical characteristics with human bone. The issues to be highlighted here is to explore the potential of using food waste from goat bone to produce useful natural HAP. This study is to extract natural HAP powder from goat bone waste. The extraction process involved cleaning and boiling process, drying process, crushing, grinding and milling to obtain micron size powder of goat bone and joint. The sample then underwent a calcination process with 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C for goat bone and 900°C for goat joint with 3 hours holding time. The characteristic of produced HAP powder was characterised with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro testing of HAP completed by using Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and SEM to observe the microstructure of apatite formation. The XRD and EDS results show the HAP crystallinity and Ca/P ratio increase with the increasing of calcination temperature for bone. The bone-like apatite formation appeared in the goat bone and joint sample with calcination temperature 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. The optimum hydroxyapatite is from goat bone sample with calcination temperature 1100°C due to the apatite growth fully cover the surface of the sample with a needle shape structure of the cauliflower structure.

scholarly journals 3D-Printed Mucoadhesive Collagen Scaffolds as a Local Tetrahydrocurcumin Delivery System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1697
Author(s):  
Mireia Andonegi ◽  
Teresa Carranza ◽  
Alaitz Etxabide ◽  
Koro de la Caba ◽  
Pedro Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Native Collagen ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Physical Interactions

Native collagen doughs were processed using a syringe-based extrusion 3D printer to obtain collagen scaffolds. Before processing, the rheological properties of the doughs were analyzed to determine the optimal 3D printing conditions. Samples showed a high shear-thinning behavior, reported beneficial in the 3D printing process. In addition, tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) was incorporated into the dough formulation and its effect on collagen structure, as well as the resulting scaffold’s suitability for wound healing applications, were assessed. The denaturation peak observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), along with the images of the scaffolds’ surfaces assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showed that the fibrillar structure of collagen was maintained. These outcomes were correlated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, which showed an increase of the lateral packaging of collagen chains was observed in the samples with a THC content up to 4%, while a higher content of THC considerably decreased the structural order of collagen. Furthermore, physical interactions between collagen and THC molecules were observed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Additionally, all samples showed swelling and a controlled release of THC. These results along with the mucoadhesive properties of collagen suggested the potential of these THC–collagen scaffolds as sustained THC delivery systems.

Characterization of Laterites by X-Ray Techniques

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Chandra ◽  
C. O. Ruud ◽  
C. S. Barrett ◽  
R. E. Siemens
Keyword(s):  
Material Handling ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Metals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Joint Study ◽  
Individual Particles ◽  
Sem Analyses

To assure an adequate supply of such critical metals as nickel and chromium, extraction procedures must be developed to process low grade domestic sources. In optimizing these procedures it is essential to use suitable analytical procedures to characterize the materials, identify phase transformations, and determine metal and mineral association of the critical metallic elements through all stages of the process. Evaluation of complex sources such as laterites requires special material handling techniques coupled with X-ray diffraction and with optical and SEM analyses of many individual particles. A joint study by the Bureau of Mines and the Denver Research Institute using these procedures has resulted in optimizing a new modification of an extraction process.

Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Sol – Gel Glass: A Preliminary Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Dan Nicolae Ungureanu ◽  
Nicolae Angelescu ◽  
Adrian Catangiu ◽  
Elena Valentina Stoian ◽  
Cristiana Zizi Rizescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Preliminary Study

Bioactive glasses based on SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system have been synthesized by sol – gel process. The powder glass obtained has been characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In vitro study reveals formation of apatite layer at surface of powder glass, after 3 days of soaking in simulated body fluid.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

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