scholarly journals Integrated management of HIV/NCDs: knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health care workers in Gaborone, Botswana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2312-2323
Author(s):  
Tiny Masupe ◽  
Yohana Mashalla ◽  
Esther Seloilwe ◽  
Harun Jibril ◽  
Heluf Medhin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Management Approaches

Background: The epidemiologic transition and double disease burden from chronic infections and Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide requires re-engineering of healthcare delivery systems. Healthcare workers (HCWs) need to adapt to new integrated disease management approaches and change from current disease-specific management. Objectives: The study aimed to determine HCWs knowledge, capacity and skills for management of NCDs among HIV patients and their attitudes towards integrated HIV/NCDs disease management approaches for future clinical practice. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey among HCWs attending to HIV patients at selected government facilities. Results: One hundred out of 105 responses were analysed. Only 6% could fully define NCDs. Awareness levels of NCDs were high: Diabetes and hypertension 98%; cancer 96%; cardiovascular diseases 86%. However, 11.8% and 58% classified HIV and malaria respectively as NCDs. Most respondents (88%) believe that integrating HIV/NCDs care would be good use of resources while 62% disagreed with current separate facility management of HIV patients with NCDs. Over 60% routinely screened HIV patients for NCDs risk factors: Smoking (87.2%), alcohol (90.8%), diet (84.9%) and physical activity (73.5%). Conclusion: There were gaps in detailed knowledge on NCDs, but positive attitude towards routine primary care integrated HIV/NCDs management, showing likely support for implementation of such policy.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, knowledge, attitude, HIV, integration.

scholarly journals A Delphi study for exploring nutritional policy priorities to reduce prevalence of non-communicable diseases in Islamic Republic of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Eini Zinab ◽  
Naser Kalantari ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi ◽  
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi ◽  
Samira Pourmoradian
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Food Labeling ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Priority Policy

Background: Identifying and prioritizing the most appropriate policies for enhancing nutritional habits are vital for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study was conducted to prioritize the nutritional policies in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional survey applying the two-round Delphi technique was used to prioritize policy options in preventing the burden of NCDs. In the first round, the experts in health and nutrition policy were asked to prioritize 21 policy options on a 5-point Likert scale. After analyzing the first-round questionnaire, the highest mean and lowest dispersion index were calculated as an indicator of high-priority options. In the second round, the policy options suggested by the participants were added to the second-round questionnaire. Finally, the questionnaires were sent to all the participants in case they desired to change their opinions. Results: The expert achieved consensus on “principles of healthy eating” courses in the curriculum of students as a high-priority policy option. In this regard, “promoting community education and customizing healthy food choice” was the next high priority policy option. On the other hand, the lowest policy priority option was “sending free/low-price healthy drinks at home”. The three high priority policy categories were reformulating the content of food, enhancing the consumers’ knowledge, and food labeling, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings showed that reformulation, food promotion, and food labeling had the highest priorities for preventing NCDs in Iran. Although food provision policies were costeffective in developing countries such as Iran, it is essential to provide sub-structures for the reformulation of food products.

scholarly journals Association between socioeconomic status and prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors and comorbidities in Bangladesh: findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Biswas ◽  
Nick Townsend ◽  
Md Saimul Islam ◽  
Md Rajibul Islam ◽  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the prevalence and distribution in the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among the adult population in Bangladesh by measures of socioeconomic status (SES).DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.SettingThis study used Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2011 data.ParticipantsTotal 8763 individuals aged ≥35 years were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN) and overweight/obesity. The study further assesses factors (in particular SES) associated with these comorbidities (DM, HTN and overweight/obesity).ResultsOf 8763 adults,12% had DM, 27% HTN and 22% were overweight/obese (body mass index ≥23 kg/m2). Just over 1% of the sample had all three conditions, 3% had both DM and HTN, 3% DM and overweight/obesity and 7% HTN and overweight/obesity. DM, HTN and overweight/obesity were more prevalent those who had higher education, were non-manual workers, were in the richer to richest SES and lived in urban settings. Individuals in higher SES groups were also more likely to suffer from comorbidities. In the multivariable analysis, it was found that individual belonging to the richest wealth quintile had the highest odds of having HTN (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.49, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.72), DM (AOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.25 to 2.14) and overweight/obesity (AOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.32 to 5.57).ConclusionsIn contrast to more affluent countries, individuals with NCDs risk factors and comorbidities are more common in higher SES individuals. Public health approaches must consider this social patterning in tackling NCDs in the country.

scholarly journals Prison primary care and non-communicable diseases: a data-linkage survey of prevalence and associated risk factors

BJGP Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen19X101643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nat MJ Wright ◽  
Philippa Hearty ◽  
Victoria Allgar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Clinical Records

BackgroundThe size and mean age of the prison population has increased rapidly in recent years. Prisoners are a vulnerable group who, compared with the general population, experience poorer health outcomes. However, there is a dearth of research quantifying the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among prisoner populations.AimTo explore both the prevalence of NCDs and their risk factors.Design & settingA cross-sectional survey was undertaken that was compared with clinical records in two male prisons in the north of England.MethodSelf-report surveys were completed by 199 prisoners to assess sociodemographic characteristics, general health, NCD prevalence, and risk factor prevalence. Data were checked against that retrieved from prison clinical records.ResultsIt was found that 46% reported at least one NCD and 26% reported at least one physical health NCD. The most common self-reported NCD was 'anxiety and depression' (34%), followed by 'respiratory disease' (17%), and 'hypertension' (10%). Having a physical health NCD was independently associated with increasing age or drug dependence.The level of agreement between clinical records and self-report ranged from 'fair' for alcohol dependence (kappa 0.38; P<0.001) to 'very good' for diabetes (kappa 0.86; P<0.001).ConclusionCompared with mainstream populations and despite high prevalence of risk factors for NCDs physical illness NCDs, with the exception of respiratory disease, are less common. However, poor mental health is more common. These differences are possibly owing to the younger average age of prison populations, since prevalence of risk factors was reported as high.Secondary data analysis of clinical records is a more methodologically robust way of monitoring trends in prisoner population disease prevalence.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Kiran Prakash K. ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. 

scholarly journals Healthcare delivery for non-communicable diseases among breast cancer survivors in Sri Lanka: Is there a missed opportunity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Thiwanka Wijeratne ◽  
Cristopher M Booth ◽  
Sanjeewa Seneviratne ◽  
Bishal Gyawali ◽  
Matt Jalink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Missed Opportunity

scholarly journals Leveraging HIV Care Infrastructures for Integrated Chronic Disease and Pandemic Management in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10751
Author(s):  
Marie Brault ◽  
Sten Vermund ◽  
Muktar Aliyu ◽  
Saad Omer ◽  
Dave Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan

In Sub-Saharan Africa, communicable and other tropical infectious diseases remain major challenges apart from the continuing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Recognition and prevalence of non-communicable diseases have risen throughout Africa, and the reimagining of healthcare delivery is needed to support communities coping with not only with HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19, but also cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression. Many non-communicable diseases can be prevented or treated with low-cost interventions, yet implementation of such care has been limited in the region. In this Perspective piece, we argue that deployment of an integrated service delivery model is an urgent next step, propose a South African model for integration, and conclude with recommendations for next steps in research and implementation. An approach that is inspired by South African experience would build on existing HIV-focused infrastructure that has been developed by Ministries of Health with strong support from the U.S. President’s Emergency Response for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. An integrated chronic healthcare model holds promise to sustainably deliver infectious disease and non-communicable disease care. Integrated care will be especially critical as health systems seek to cope with the unprecedented challenges associated with COVID-19 and future pandemic threats.

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