scholarly journals The differences of corneal astigmatism in different populations and its quantitative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 775-778
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Hongmei Chen ◽  
Yingchun Zhang ◽  
Yanzhen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corneal Curvature ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Astig Matism

Objective: To analyze the differences of corneal astigmatism in different age groups. Methods: The clinical data of the patients from the outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of the Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital from April 2014 to June 2014 was screened and statistically analyzed. The corneal curvature was measured by three different instruments: Keratometer, IOL Master and Sirius corneal topography. The changes of the corneal astig- matism in different groups were evalutaed in the study. Results: Corneal astigmatism of different groups showed no statistical difference and the average corneal astigmatism of 70~79 age group were higher than younger groups. As the age grew, the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced from 85.8% ( A Group) to 31.0% (F Group). The against-the-rule astigmatism increased from 6.7% ( A Group ) to 45.0% (F Group). Conclusion: The proportion of the with-the-rule astigmatism gradually reduced with the growth of age. The proportion of the against-the-rule astigmatism increased significantly. The oblique astigmatism had no obvious change before the age of 40. The proportion of oblique astigmatism increased obviously at the 40~49 group and tended to be stable. After the age of 60, the proportion of different types of astigmatism tended to be stable. Keywords: With-the-rule astigmatism; against-the-rule astigmatism; oblique astigmatism.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Tulunoglu ◽  
Tezer Ulusu ◽  
Yasemin Genç
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Median Survival ◽  
Median Survival Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the median survival time of fixed and removable space maintainers related to age groups, gender, and their distribution in upper and lower dental arches. The adherence of patients to a periodic recall program and the success rate of different types of space maintainers related to different arches were also evaluated. This study included 663 patients aged between 4-15 years old that were treated between the years of 1997 and 2002. The patients were categorized into four main groups: lost to follow-up, failed, successful, and censored at the end of study. Three hundred forty-five space maintainers were considered lost to follow-up, 83 were considered failed, 206 successful, and 20 censored-at-end. The overall median survival time of the appliances was 6.51 months. Median survival time was 7.25 months in the 4-6 age group, 6.35 months in the 7-12 age group, and 7.0 months in the 13+ age groups. Median survival time was 5.76 months in girls and 7.11 months in boys. Median survival time of space maintainers was 7.17 months for maxilla and 6.69 months in the mandible. Median survival time was 5.25 months for space maintainers fabricated in both arches. Citation Tulunoglu Ö, Ulusu T, Genç Y. An Evaluation of Survival of Space Maintainers: A Six-year Follow-up Study J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 February;(6)1:074-084.

Trends in Finger Pinch Strength in Children, Adults, and the Elderly

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheik N. Imrhan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Strength Ratio ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Peak Maximum ◽  
Different Types

This study explores empirical relationships among different types of pinches in three age groups. Peak maximum voluntary forces of several pinches-lateral, chuck, and pulp pinches with digits 2, 3, 4, and 5-were tested in 182 subjects comprising 62 children (5-12 years), 70 adults (18-40 years), and 50 elderly (60-89 years). Analysis of the forces indicated four groups of strength magnitude: (1) lateral and chuck, (2) pulp 2 and 3, (3) pulp 4, and (4) pulp 5, in that order; the strength of each type of pinch bears a definite quantitative relationship to every other type, regardless of age group or gender. The female-to-male strength ratio was greatest in children (89%) and least in adults (69%). Comparison with other pinch strength studies established that although force magnitudes may be strongly influenced by specific experimental conditions, empirical relationships among different pinch forces are fairly stable and predictable.

scholarly journals A Study on the Effects of Containment Policies and Vaccination on the Spread of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid S. Bokharaie
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Monotone Systems ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThis paper presents a method to predict the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in a population with a known age-structure, and then, to quantify the effects of various containment policies, including those policies that affect each age-group differently. The model itself is a compartmental model in which each compartment is divided into a number of age-groups. The parameter of the model are estimated using an optimisation scheme and some known results from the theory of monotone systems such that the model output agrees with some collected data on the spread of SARS-CoV-2.To highlight the strengths of this framework, a few case studies are presented in which different populations are subjected to different containment strategies. They include cases in which the containment policies switch between scenarios with different levels of severity. Then a case study on herd immunity due to vaccination is presented. And then it is shown how we can use this framework to optimality distribute a limited number of vaccine units in a given population to maximise their impact and lower the total number of infectious individuals.MSC subclass92C60, 92C50

scholarly journals A study on the effects of containment policies and vaccination on the spread of SARS-CoV-2

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247439
Author(s):  
Vahid S. Bokharaie
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Monotone Systems ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents a method to predict the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 in a population with a known age-structure, and then, to quantify the effects of various containment policies, including those policies that affect each age-group differently. The model itself is a compartmental model in which each compartment is divided into a number of age-groups. The parameters of the model are estimated using an optimisation scheme and some known results from the theory of monotone systems such that the model output agrees with some collected data on the spread of SARS-CoV-2. To highlight the strengths of this framework, a few case studies are presented in which different populations are subjected to different containment strategies. They include cases in which the containment policies switch between scenarios with different levels of severity. Then a case study on herd immunity due to vaccination is presented. And then it is shown how we can use this framework to optimally distribute a limited number of vaccine units in a given population to maximise their impact and reduce the total number of infectious individuals.

Age and gender in Iranian ‘taaroff’ politeness system

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract This paper focuses on the Iranian taaroff politeness system. We report a quantitative analysis of the attitudes to taaroff held by 60 Iranians (30 women and 30 men) of two age groups (20–29 and 40–59 years old) and their use of formulaic taaroff expressions in conversations. The data come from dialogues elicited from the participants in Iran via short scripted scenarios and from their answers to a questionnaire survey about their attitudes to taaroff. Taaroff expressions were manually extracted from the dialogue transcripts and their overall use as well as frequencies of each expression were compared across the gender and age groups with the help of t-tests. The participants’ answers to the survey questions were compared across the groups with Kruskal-Wallis H tests. The results show statistically significant differences in the participants’ attitudes to taaroff and in its use in dialogues by gender and age group.

Variations in compliance with different endocrine therapies in ER-positive breast cancer in elderly females in a rural population.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12052-e12052
Author(s):  
Christian Agbisit ◽  
Alexander Johnson ◽  
Kathy Robinson ◽  
Kristin Delfino ◽  
Meghna R. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Early Termination ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

e12052 Background: Compliance is a serious issue for breast cancer patients on endocrine therapy. There are various factors that may alter compliance across different age groups e.g. side effects, cognitive impairment, socioeconomic status etc. Noncompliance to therapy leads to early discontinuation and poor longterm outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine compliance rates with endocrine therapy i.e. aromatase inhibitors & tamoxifen in different age groups of geriatric breast cancer patients and determine its tolerability and impact on survival. Methods: An institutional database of a total of 269 patients with histologically confirmed invasive or in-situ breast cancer with age 65 years or older at the time of diagnosis was reviewed in an IRB approved fashion. Adjuvant endocrine therapy included tamoxifen, letrozole, anstrozole and fulvestrant. Patients were further subdivided into age groups. Compliance was measured as an early termination of therapy. Fisher’s exact test was used to calculate statistical difference. Results: Out of 266 eligible patients, 221 (83.1%) were offered endocrine therapy. 216 (81.2%) accepted endocrine therapy and 5 (1.9%) declined treatment. Distribution of each therapy was as follows:Anastrozole n = 90, (33.5%), Letrozole n = 88, (32.7%), Fulvestrant n = 6,( 2.3%), Tamoxifen n = 64, (23.8%). Early termination n = 44, (21.4%). Between the ages 65-70, n = 17,(18.had an early termination or noncompliance to therapy, in the age group from 71-80 age group,n = 24,(26.4%) had an early termination, and ages 81 and above,n = 3 (12.5%) had an early termination. There were no statistical differences between Anastrozole, Letrozole, Tamoxifen & Fulvestrant (P = 0.8275, P = 0.4589, P = 0.6136). There was also no statistical difference between age groups (P = 0.2742). Overall survival was worse with early termination,n = 20 vs not n = 6 but did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.7). Conclusions: In breast cancer patients 65 and older, age can be a factor in noncompliance. However, in our study there were no correlation between age groups and compliance or with which drug used. Tolerability was similar between each endocrine therapy, across different age groups in this geriatric breast cancer population, in a rural setting.

scholarly journals Establishing Reference Total Serum Cholesterol Values for Saudi Children

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad S Rafii ◽  
Abdul Aziz Al Nasser ◽  
Afif Budair ◽  
Mohammed Tufail
Keyword(s):  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Lower Serum Cholesterol ◽  
American Children

Total serum cholesterol was measured in 1320 normal Saudi children aged 0–14 years. The result was 3·88 (0·83) mmol/L [mean (SD)] and there was no statistical difference between girls and boys. Results were lowest in the 0–4 year age group and highest in the 5–9 year age group. Percentile values were established for three age groups and compared with those published for American children; no statistical differences were observed. Unlike other developing countries Saudi children do not have lower serum cholesterol than their western counterparts. We believe that these findings reflect changing dietary habits and increasing affluence in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Pattern of Ophthalmological Diseases in the Patients of Shree Birendra Hospital

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
S Rajkarnikar ◽  
A Gurung ◽  
RR Bist ◽  
R Shrestha ◽  
SM Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Army Hospital ◽  
Uveal Tract ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Army Personnel

Introduction: Blindness is one of the most tragic yet often avoidable disabilities in the developing world. The pattern of ocular diseases varies in different parts of Nepal due to differences in socioeconomic and geographic factors. This retrospective study likely reflects the pattern of ocular diseases in Kathmandu Valley. Aim: To assess the patterns of ocular disease in the patients attending the outpatient department of Ophthalmology from 14th April 2009 to 13th April 2010 at the Army Hospital. Methods: This is a retrospective study and all the new cases which attended the department of Ophthalmology of Shree Birendra Hospital in the year 2066 were included. The diseases were divided into 11 groups i.e. lid & adenexal disorder, disease of conjunctiva & sclera, corneal diseases, lens associated disorders, diseases of uveal tract, refractive error, glaucoma & its associations, posterior segment diseases, ocular & systemic neoplastic disorders, Nekebadi (annual medical check up) and others. Result: The total number of patients recorded in the department of Ophthalmology is 16709. Among them 4473 were regular serving army personnel and 12236 were ex-army and army families. Conclusion: The pattern of eye disease varies in different age groups. In younger age group conjunctival, scleral disease and refractive error were commonly seen whereas in elder age group lens disorder was frequently seen. The number of blind patients was more in females than in male patients. Key words: Conjunctivitis; Cataract; Blindness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v9i2.5023 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Vol.9(2) 2010: 30-37

scholarly journals Corneal Astigmatism Changes After Ptosis Correction in Two Age Groups of Patients with Congenital Ptosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apatsa Lekskul ◽  
Tunyarat Tangphikunatam ◽  
Phantaraporn Tangtammaruk
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Congenital Ptosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Rate ◽  
Two Age Groups

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate postoperative corneal astigmatism changes after ptosis correction in groups of young and older patients with congenital ptosis.Patients and Methods: A prospective cohort study of 28 patients (56 eyes) with congenital ptosis enrolled at Ramathibodi Hospital was performed from April 2018 to June 2019. Within this group of patients there were 6 cases of bilateral congenital ptosis and 22 unilateral cases of congenital ptosis forming a total of 34 individual ptotic eyes for the study. The patients were categorized into two groups: early-age group (aged ≤5 years,) comprising of 14 eyes and older-age group (aged >5 years) comprising of 20 eyes. The preoperative visual acuity, amblyopic status, ptosis severity, and refractive error of both groups were evaluated prior to ptosis correction. All patients underwent ptosis correction with either levator resection or frontalis sling. Following the correction, the refractive error was measured after a follow-up period of at least 6 months. The astigmatism results were classified into three subgroups: with-the-rule, against-the-rule and oblique astigmatism.Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 8.91 ± 7.05 years. From the study group, amblyopia was found in 13 out of 28 patients (46.4%). The most common type of astigmatism was with-the-rule astigmatism, making up 24 out of 34 ptotic eyes (70.6%). A postoperative astigmatism change of >0.50 diopters was found in 4 out of14 eyes (28.6%) in the early-age group and in 6 out of 20 eyes (30.0%) in the older-age group (Rate ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.34–6.07). Conclusion: Astigmatism was reduced following ptosis correction, with no statistically significant difference in the amount of reduction between the two age groups. As there is no significant difference, surgical correction can be deferred in patients of all age groups with anisometropic amblyogenic ptosis until appropriate surgical planning is possible.

scholarly journals Transfer Phenomena in Bilingual Language Acquisition: The Case of Caused-Motion Constructions

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nikolas Koch ◽  
Katharina Günther
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motion Constructions ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Usage-based approaches suggest that children gradually build abstract syntactic patterns, called constructions, through processes of abstraction and schematization from the input they receive. Bilingual children have the challenge of learning two sets of non-equivalent constructions when they build their constructicon. This can result in deviations from monolinguals, which are commonly referred to as transfer. Targeting the expression of the caused-motion construction, the present study focuses on idiosyncratic utterances, those that do not correspond to monolingual adult language use, in three different age groups (4, 6, and 8 years old) of German–French bilingual children in comparison to monolingual control groups. The quantitative analysis showed that idiosyncrasies could be found in both groups, but with significantly higher rates in bilinguals at all ages. In a qualitative analysis, idiosyncratic utterances were clustered into three different types: syntactic patterns, use of verbs, and directional phrases. Regarding the analysis of these types, the influence of French could be shown. In order to classify this linguistic phenomenon in a usage-based approach, we propose to consider transfer as a form of overgeneralization within the bilingual constructicon.

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