scholarly journals Transfer Phenomena in Bilingual Language Acquisition: The Case of Caused-Motion Constructions

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nikolas Koch ◽  
Katharina Günther
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Motion Constructions ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

Usage-based approaches suggest that children gradually build abstract syntactic patterns, called constructions, through processes of abstraction and schematization from the input they receive. Bilingual children have the challenge of learning two sets of non-equivalent constructions when they build their constructicon. This can result in deviations from monolinguals, which are commonly referred to as transfer. Targeting the expression of the caused-motion construction, the present study focuses on idiosyncratic utterances, those that do not correspond to monolingual adult language use, in three different age groups (4, 6, and 8 years old) of German–French bilingual children in comparison to monolingual control groups. The quantitative analysis showed that idiosyncrasies could be found in both groups, but with significantly higher rates in bilinguals at all ages. In a qualitative analysis, idiosyncratic utterances were clustered into three different types: syntactic patterns, use of verbs, and directional phrases. Regarding the analysis of these types, the influence of French could be shown. In order to classify this linguistic phenomenon in a usage-based approach, we propose to consider transfer as a form of overgeneralization within the bilingual constructicon.

scholarly journals Input effects across domains: The case of Greek subjects in child heritage language

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelia Daskalaki ◽  
Vasiliki Chondrogianni ◽  
Elma Blom ◽  
Froso Argyri ◽  
Johanne Paradis
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
North America ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Heritage Language Acquisition ◽  
English Bilingual ◽  
Interface Hypothesis

A recurring question in the literature of heritage language acquisition, and more generally of bilingual acquisition, is whether all linguistic domains are sensitive to input reduction and to cross-linguistic influence and to what extent. According to the Interface Hypothesis, morphosyntactic phenomena regulated by discourse–pragmatic conditions are more likely to lead to non-native outcomes than strictly syntactic aspects of the language (Sorace, 2011). To test this hypothesis, we examined subject realization and placement in Greek–English bilingual children learning Greek as a heritage language in North America and investigated whether the amount of heritage language use can predict their performance in syntax–discourse and narrow syntactic contexts. Results indicated two deviations from the Interface Hypothesis: First, subject realization (a syntax–discourse phenomenon) was found to be largely unproblematic. Second, subject placement was affected not only in syntax–discourse structures but also in narrow syntactic structures, though to a lesser degree, suggesting that the association between the interface status of subject placement and its sensitivity to heritage language use among children heritage speakers is gradient rather than categorical.

scholarly journals Coping with Metaphor. A cognitive approach to translating metaphor

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (35) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Astrid Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Extensive Training ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The present article focuses on the translation of metaphor by expert translators, young professional translators and non-professional translators. The approach adopted here treats translation of metaphor as a conceptual rather than a purely linguistic phenomenon, based on the framework sometimes referred to as conceptual metaphor theory (CMT), which is based on Lakoff & Johnson (1980) and Lakoff & Turner (1989). The basic assumption behind this study is that translating metaphor requires translator competence, which among other things entails an awareness of the duality of the metaphor as both a mental concept and linguistic expressions. It is further assumed that translation competence is developed through extensive training and translation experience. The study starts with a qualitative analysis of the metaphorical expressions and translation strategies in the sample texts, followed by a quantitative analysis whereby the frequencies of metaphor transference across languages and across groups are counted.

Lying and Insincerity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stokke
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Semantic Incompleteness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Novel Theory ◽  
Prosodic Focus ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This book is a comprehensive study of lying and insincere language use. Part I is dedicated to developing an account of insincerity qua linguistic phenomenon. It provides a detailed theory of the distinction between lying and ways of speaking insincerely without lying, as well as accounting for the relation between lying and deceiving. A novel theory of assertion in terms of a notion of what is said defined relative to questions under discussion is used to underpin the analysis of lying and insincerity throughout the book. The framework is applied to various kinds of insincere speech, including false implicature, bullshitting, and forms of misleading with presuppositions, prosodic focus, and different types of semantic incompleteness. Part II discusses the relation between what is communicated and the speaker’s attitudes involved in insincere language use. It develops a view on which insincerity is a shallow phenomenon in the sense that whether or not a speaker is being insincere depends on the speaker’s conscious attitudes, rather than on deeper, unconscious attitudes or motivations. An account of a range of ways of speaking while being indifferent toward what one communicates is developed, and the phenomenon of bullshitting is distinguished from lying and other forms of insincerity. This includes insincere uses of language beyond the realm of declarative sentences. The book gives an account of insincere uses of interrogative, imperative, and exclamative utterances.

Internet-based activities for the ESL classroom

ReCALL ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Gitsaki ◽  
Richard P Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Instructional System ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Esl Students ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Authentic Language

The Internet offers a wealth of information and unlimited resources that teachers can use in order to expose students to authentic language use. Exposure, however, is not enough to trigger language acquisition. Students need to be involved in tasks that integrate the use of computers and enhance language acquisition. This paper outlines an instructional system designed to guide English as a Second Language (ESL) students through their exploration of the Internet and carry out projects that will ultimately help them improve their reading and writing skills and enrich their vocabulary. Through this instructional system the benefits of using the Internet for ESL purposes with different types of students in different educational environments can be maximised.

scholarly journals macrostructure of elicited narratives by bilingual children: an analysis of the factor age of onset

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Kristin Haake
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Narrative Ability ◽  
Language Promotion ◽  
A Current ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Turkish German

In this paper, data from a current study on bilingual language acquisition and language promotion of children is presented. 96 narratives from 32 Turkish-German and Russian-German bilingual children were examined with regard to the acquisition of narrative ability in three rounds of tests. The macrostructure of each narrative was evaluated based on the theories of Westby (2005), Stein and Glenn (1977) and Gagarina et al. (2012). In the quantitative analysis, the factor age of onset (AoO) was considered and therefore, two hypotheses were introduced: 1) There is an influence of AoO on the narrative ability of L2 German bilingual children. And 2) The narrative ability will converge over time and after three years there will be no difference between the groups. Neither of those hypotheses could be confirmed by the examined narrative data. Hence, other influences on narrative ability were discussed in the last chapter and prospects for further research were given. In sum, the article shows that more narrative data of these children should be collected to make a comprehensive conclusion about the influence of AoO on narrative ability.  

scholarly journals Effect of Question Structure on College Students’ Electronic Reflection Outcomes: A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Pao-Nan Chou
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to design different types of reflection questions to support college students’ electronic reflection. Whether or not the reflection question structure may influence students’ reflection outcomes is the research focus. According to various cognitive learning concepts, three types of reflection questions, which include surface, medium and deep questions, are designed and implemented in three weeks of the class. Forty college students majoring in instructional technology participated in this study. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that the surface reflection question yields swallow reflection works, and the medium and deep reflection questions allow students to produce meaningful reflection contents. The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the medium and deep reflection questions are better than the surface reflection question in terms of critical thinking. However, no significant difference is found between the medium and deep reflection questions.

scholarly journals Intra-Sentential and Intra-Lexical Code Mixing in Nessie Judge’s YouTube Video Entitled “Lagu Populer + Pesan Iblis Tersembunyi”

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
I Made Drati Nalantha ◽  
Ni Komang Arie Suwastini ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Agung Dian Susanthi ◽  
Putu Wiraningsih ◽  
Ni Nyoman Artini
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Video Code ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

As a linguistic phenomenon, code mixing is common to be identified in language users. Furthermore, YouTube as one of the online platforms has become an environment rich with the use of code mixing. Considering that YouTube might influence the language use in its audience, the following study aimed to identify the use of code-mixing presented by Indonesian content creator named Nessie Judge. Following the qualitative analysis research from Miles, Huberman, & Saldana (2014), the recent study identified the types of code mixing as presented by Hoffman namely, Intra-sentential code-mixing and Intra-lexical code-mixing. The present study identified the use of code mixing type intra-sentential and -lexical uttered by the speaker. From 114 utterances made by Nessie Judge in her video, code-mixing was identified in 86 utterances, where 53 utterances belong to intra-sentential code mixing and 13 utterances belonged to intra-lexical code mixing. The analysis revealed that the use of code mixing might be rooted in the speakers’ inability to find the equivalent words while discussing the video content.  By looking at the number of the data percentage, intra-sentential code-mixing had more data than intra-lexical code-mixing meaning that the use of intra-sentential code-mixing was more common rather than intra-lexical code-mixing. It can be concluded because the speaker in the video inserts English words at the end of sentences or in the middle of sentences most of the time. The speaker on the video was clearly seen mixed Indonesian words with English words without changing the structure or context of the sentences.

scholarly journals Übergänge zur Schriftlichkeit. Zu wechselnden Profilen dialektaler Literalität am Beispiel des Niederdeutschen

2017 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Langhanke
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Policy ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Language Use ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Low German ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The 19Th Century

Different types of Low German literacy create varieties in addition to spoken Low German. Their function differs according to the change of language use. By setting the focus on dialectal literature it becomes clear, which concepts of Low German literature became influential since the 19th century. In the recent situation, new perspectives for Low German and its literature can be found in the field of planned language acquisition for example at school. Therefore written forms of Low German become much more important than usually thought of by looking at the ideas of language policy and the development at schools in Northern Germany.

scholarly journals Using Metadiscourse to Enhance Persuasiveness in Corporate Press Releases: A Corpus-Based Study

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110321
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Jingyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Press Release ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
Business Discourse ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Rhetorical Appeals ◽  
Business Practitioners

Previous studies have explored the genre characteristics and persuasive nature of press releases. However, systematic analyses of the metadiscursive devices for persuasive purposes are lacking for corporate press releases. Following a corpus-assisted approach, this study investigates the distribution patterns of different types of metadiscourse resources used to achieve persuasiveness in the corporate press release genre. A quantitative analysis of the corpus under study reveals the different frequencies of metadiscourse devices in corporate press releases, and comparisons are made across different genres with similar persuasive attempts. The factors underlying the similarities and differences in metadiscourse use across genres are also examined. A qualitative analysis supported with examples illustrates how different types of metadiscourse devices contribute to the rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos and help to enhance persuasiveness. Major findings and their implications for business discourse learners and researchers as well as business practitioners are presented. The article ends with its limitations and recommends avenues for further research in this line of inquiry.

Language Strength in Bilingual Children: The Child HALA Test

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Bozena Dubiel ◽  
Eithne Guilfoyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Potential Shifts

This study investigates potential shifts in relative language dominance in early sequential bilinguals across the primary school years. The subjects are thirty-eight Polish-English speaking children. We introduce a new test, the Child HALA, which measures shifts in relative language strength by comparing lexical accuracy and access between two languages. This test has been designed specifically for use with children, and is based on the HALA psycholinguistic tool (O'Grady, Schaffer, Perla, Lee, & Wieting, 2009). The aim is to examine its suitability, reliability and applicability in research on language acquisition and maintenance in young bilinguals. In particular, we attempt to evaluate whether the test will show a pattern of shifts in language dominance comparable to the outcomes of previous research (Kohnert, Bates & Hernandez, 1999; Kohnert & Bates, 2002, among others). We find that the Child HALA test discovers reliable results across age groups and languages when compared with other studies that investigated lexical accuracy and access, and therefore may be considered as a reliable method in assessing language strength and maintenance in children. The results show that the children’s relative language dominance shifts from the initially stronger Polish to the more dominant English between the age of eight and eleven.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document