Association between type of birth attendants and neonatal mortality: Evidence from a National survey

Background: Although Lesotho has one of the highest childhood mortality levels in Southern Africa, there has been limited research on the link between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality in Lesotho. This study examined the relationship between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers in LesothoMethods: The study used data from the children’s file of 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey data. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate neonatal mortality rate and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the association between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality.Results: Result shows that 5.3% of all births attended to by non-SBAs resulted into neonatal mortality compared to 2.8% of those attended to by SBA. Result further shows that regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, the risks of neonatal mortality were significantly higher with non-SBAs compared to SBA in Lesotho (HR: 2.00, CI: 1.31-3.06).Conclusion: The risk of neonatal mortality is two times higher among children delivered by Non-SBA. Scale-up in access and uptake of SBA is recommended in Lesotho. Thus, Policy on scale-up access to SBA at delivery at no costs need to be put in place. Keywords: Neonatal; mortality; Lesotho.

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CMTM6 significantly relates to PD-L1 and predicts the prognosis of gastric cancer patients

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9536

Author(s):

Xin Li ◽

Ling Chen ◽

Chuan Gu ◽

Qiaoli Sun ◽

Jia Li

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

The Relationship

Background The CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is a key regulator of the programed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) protein. However, the usefulness of CMTM6 expression as a prognostic indicator and the relationship between CMTM6 and PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Objectives We evaluated the expression and prognostic implications of CMTM6 in GC tissue and its relationship with PD-L1 expression. Patients and methods The protein expressions of CMTM6 and PD-L1 were detected in 122 cases of postoperative GC tissue using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the survival probability and a log-rank test was used to compare the survival curves. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were used to evaluate the clinically-related factors associated with survival. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the correlation analysis and estimate the statistical significance. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between clinically-related factors and PD-L1 expression. Results Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high CMTM6 expression had shorter overall survival (OS) than those with low expression (P < 0.001). The expression of CMTM6 was an independent risk factor for prognosis in multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses (HR:2.221, CI% [1.36–3.628], P = 0.001). The OS of patients with positively expressed PD-L1 was significantly shorter than those with negatively expressed PD-L1 (P = 0.003). The expression of CMTM6 was significantly related to the positive expression of PD-L1 in gastric cancer tissues (r = 0.186, P = 0.041). The expression of CMTM6 was the independent risk factor for PD-L1 expression in multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR:2.538, CI% [1.128–5.714], P = 0.024). Conclusion CMTM6 expression is significantly related to PD-L1 and may be a useful prognostic indicator and a specific therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy for GC patients.

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Survival of the Recidivistic? Revealing Factors Associated with the Criminal Career Length of Multiple Homicide Offenders

10.31219/osf.io/rnuc3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gian Maria Campedelli ◽

Enzo Yaksic

Keyword(s):

Criminal Career ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Multiple Methods ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Career Length ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Inferential Analysis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Multiple Homicide

Relying on a sample of 1,394 US-based multiple homicide offenders (MHOs), we study the duration of the careers of this extremely violent category of offenders through Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox Proportional Hazard regression. We investigate the characteristics of such careers in terms of length and we provide an inferential analysis investigating correlates of career duration. The models indicate that females, MHOs employing multiple methods, younger MHOs and MHOs that acted in more than one US state have higher odds of longer careers. Conversely, those offending with a partner and those targeting victims from a single sexual group have a higher probability of shorter careers.

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Factors predicting the success of trabeculectomy bleb enhancement with needling

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311348 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (12) ◽

pp. 1667-1671 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jonathan Y-X L Than ◽

Toby S Al-Mugheiry ◽

Jesse Gale ◽

Keith R Martin

Keyword(s):

Proportional Hazard ◽

Glaucoma Medication ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Retrospective Audit ◽

Lower Likelihood ◽

Period Data ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Medication Risk

BackgroundBleb needling is widely used to restore flow and lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in a failing trabeculectomy. We aimed to measure the safety and efficacy of needling in a large cohort and identify factors that were associated with success and failure.MethodsThis retrospective audit included all patients who underwent needling at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge over a 10-year period. Data were available on 91 patients (98% of patients identified), including 191 needlings on 96 eyes. Success was defined as IOP below 21 mm Hg or 16 mm Hg or 13 mm Hg consistently, without reoperation or glaucoma medication. Risk factors for failure were assessed by Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan-Meier curves.ResultsSuccess defined as IOP <16 mm Hg was 66.6% at 12 months and 53% at 3 years and success defined as IOP <21 mm Hg was 77.1% at 12 months and 73.1% at 3 years. Failure after needling was most common in the first 6 months. Factors that predicted failure were flat or fibrotic blebs (non-functional) and no longer injected, while success was predicted by achieving a low IOP immediately after needling. No significant complications were identified.ConclusionNeedling was most successful soon after trabeculectomy, but resuscitation of a long-failed trabeculectomy had lower likelihood of success. The safety and efficacy compare favourably with alternative treatment approaches.

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Predictors of Loss To Follow Up and Mortality Among Children ?12 Years Receiving Anti Retroviral Therapy during the First Year at a Referral Hospital in Bali

Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive ◽

10.24843/phpma.2016.v04.i02.p02 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Juergens ◽

A.A.S. Sawitri ◽

I.W.G. Artawan Eka Putra ◽

Tuti Parwati Merati

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

First Year ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Model ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Proportional Hazard Model ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier

Background and purpose: Many HIV-infected children in Bali have started antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) is a continuing concern, and the issue of childhood adherence is more complex compared to adults.Methods: This was a retrospective study among cohort of 138 HIV+ children on ART in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January 2010 to December 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to describe incidence and median time to LTFU/mortality and Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to identify predictors. Variables which were analysed were socio-demographic characteristics, birth history, care giver and clinical condition of the children.Results: Mean age when starting ARV therapy was 3.21 years. About 25% experienced LTFU/death by 9.1 month resulting in an incidence rate of 3.28 per 100 child month. The higher the WHO stage, the higher the risk for LTFU/mortality along with low body weight (AHR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99).Conclusion: Clinical characteristics were found as predictors for LTFU/mortality among children on ART.

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Comparison of non-schistosomal colorectal cancer and schistosomal colorectal cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16007/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Weixia Wang ◽

Kui Lu ◽

Limei Wang ◽

Hongyan Jing ◽

Weiyu Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Node Metastasis ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Clinicopathological Features ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Node Metastasis ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Abstract Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare clinicopathological features of patients with non-schistosomal and schistosomal colorectal cancer to explore the effect of schistosomasis on CRC patients` clinical outcomes. Methods: 351 cases of CRC were retrospectively analyzed in this study. Survival curves were constructed by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to identify associations with outcome variables.Results: Patients with schistosomiasis (CRC-S) were significantly older (Table 3, P＜0.001) than patients without schistosomiasis (CRC-NS). However, there were no significant differences between CRC-S and CRC-NS patients in other clinicopathological features. Schistosomiasis were associated with adverse overall survival upon K-M analysis (P=0.0277). By univariate and multivariate analysis, as shown in Table 2, gender (P=0.003), TNM stage (P＜0.001), schistosomiasis (P=0.025), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.030) and cancer node (P＜0.001) were all independent predictors in the whole cohort. When patients were stratified according to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis state. Schistosomiasis was also an independent predictors in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ tumors and in patients with lymph node metastasis, but not in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ tumors and in patients without lymph node metastasis.Conclusion: Schistosomiasis was significantly correlated with OS and it was an independent prognostic factor for OS in the whole cohort. When patients were stratified according to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis state, schistosomiasis was still an independent unfavorably prognosis factor for OS in patients with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ tumors or patients with lymph node metastasis.

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Pengaruh Status Nutrisi terhadap Kesintasan 30 Hari Pasien Geriatri yang Dirawat di Rumah Sakit

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jpdi.v2i3.81 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 160

Author(s):

Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito ◽

Czeresna Heriawan Soejono ◽

Edy Rizal Wahyudi ◽

Esthika Dewiasty

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Pendahuluan. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah populasi usia lanjut, masalah kesehatan yang dialami juga semakin banyak, salah satunya malnutrisi. Studi di luar negeri menunjukkan malnutrisi pada pasien geriatri yang dirawat di rumah sakit menurunkan kesintasan. Pasien usia lanjut di Indonesia mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan pasien usia lanjut di luar negeri. Di Indonesia belum ada studi tentang status nutrisi pasien usia lanjut yang dirawat di rumah sakit dan pengaruhnya terhadap kesintasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh status nutrisi terhadap kesintasan 30 hari pasien usia lanjut yang dirawat di ruang rawat akut geriatri dan ruang rawat penyakit dalam rumah sakit.Metode. Penelitian kohort retrospektif, dengan pendekatan analisis kesintasan, dilakukan terhadap 177 pasien geriatri yang dirawat di ruang rawat akut geriatri dan ruang rawat penyakit dalam Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo selama bulan April–September 2011. Data demografis, diagnosis medis, kadar albumin, indeks ADL Barthel, geriatric depression scale, status nutrisi dengan mini nutritional assessment (MNA) dikumpulkan, dan diamati selama 30 hari sejak mulai dirawat untuk melihat ada tidaknya mortalitas. Perbedaan kesintasan kelompok pasien dengan status nutrisi baik, berisiko malnutrisi dan malnutrisi ditampilkan dalam kurva Kaplan-Meier, diuji dengan uji Log-rank, serta analisis multivariat dengan Cox proportional hazard regression model untuk menghitung adjusted Hazard Ratio dan interval kepercayaan 95% terjadinya mortalitas 30 hari dengan memasukkan variabel-variabel perancu sebagai kovariat.Hasil. Kesintasan antara subyek yang status nutrisinya baik, berisiko malnutrisi dan malnutrisi ialah 94,7% dengan 89,0% dan 80,7%, namun perbedaan kesintasan 30 hari tak bermakna dengan uji Log-rank (p=0,106). Pada analisis multivariat didapatkan adjusted HR setelah penambahan variabel perancu sebesar 1,49 (IK 95% 0,29 – 7,77) untuk kelompok berisiko malnutrisi dan 2,65 (IK 95% 0,47 – 14,99) untuk kelompok malnutrisi dibandingkan dengan pasien nutrisi baikSimpulan. Perbedaan kesintasan 30 hari pasien geriatri yang dirawat di rumah sakit yang menderita malnutrisi dan berisiko malnutrisi dibandingkan dengan status nutrisi baik pada awal perawatan belum dapat dibuktikan.

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Abstract 208: Periprocedural Stroke and Myocardial Infarction as Risks for Long-term Mortality in CREST

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.208 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michael R. Jones ◽

Gary S. Roubin ◽

Wayne M. Clark ◽

Ariane Mackey ◽

Joseph Blackshear ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Carotid Revascularization ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽

The Relationship ◽

Long Term Mortality

Introduction: Occurrence of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) after carotid endarterectomy or stenting have each been associated with increased later mortality. Methods: In the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) 69 strokes, 37 protocol MIs, and 19 biomarker + only events occurred within 30 days among 2272 patients followed up to 10 years. Mortality was determined and compared for patients with stroke, MI, or biomarker + only to those without. Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, symptomatic status and treatment were calculated to assess the relationship between mortality and stroke and mortality and MI status. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. Results: Patients with peri-procedural stroke had a 67% greater likelihood of long-term mortality compared to those without stroke (HR=1.67, 95% CI 1.15,2.43; p<0.007)(Figure A). Patients with a protocol MI had a 249% greater likelihood of mortality, and biomarker+ only patients had a 104% greater likelihood of mortality, compared to those without MI (HR=3.49; 95%CI 2.20,5.53, p<0.0001; and HR=2.04; 95% CI 1.09,3.83, p=0.03)(Figure B). Discussion: Stroke, MI, and biomarker + only events following CEA or CAS are associated with increased long-term mortality. The higher risk for MI may be a marker for patients with serious underlying heart disease, rather than causal, providing an opportunity to decrease long-term mortality through aggressive diagnostic evaluation and preventive treatment.

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ANALISIS KETAHANAN HIDUP PENDERITA DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER (DEMAM BERDARAH) DENGAN REGRESI COX KEGAGALAN PROPORSIONAL (Studi Kasus : Rumah Sakit Islam Nahdlatul Ulama Demak)

Jurnal Gaussian ◽

10.14710/j.gauss.v10i3.32793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 367-376

Author(s):

Putri Qodar Ummayah ◽

Sudarno Sudarno ◽

Budi Warsito

Keyword(s):

Survival Analysis ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Regression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

The Relationship

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an acute febrile disease caused by the dengue virus, which enters the human bloodstream through the bite of a mosquito of the genus Aedes Aegypti or Aedes Albopictus. Based on World Health Organization (WHO) records, it is estimated that 500,000 dengue hemorrhagic fever patients require hospital treatment every year and most of the sufferers are children. To analyze the relationship between recovery time in dengue fever patients and the factors that influence it using regression analysis, the dependent variable is the failure time and the function of the response variable tends to fail constant so to find out the relationship using Cox proportional hazard regression. Cox proportional hazard regression is a regression model that is often used in survival analysis. Survival analysis is a method used to describe data analysis in terms of time from the time of origin defined until a certain event occurs. In this study, the recovery time of dengue fever patients as a function of failure is proportional. The observations used by the researchers for each patient were not the same. The population of this study were all patients with dengue fever. The data used was obtained from the medical record section for data on the length of hospitalization of patients regarding the recovery of patients with dengue fever. The conclusion of the research shows that the factors that affect the recovery time of dengue fever patients are hematocrit, platelets, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M.

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Correlation between Fasting Blood Glucose Level at Admission and Mortality in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18484/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Zhu ◽

Chunguo Jiang ◽

Xiaokai Feng ◽

Yanfei Zheng ◽

Jie Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Single Center Study ◽

And Gender ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly, with a growing number of cases confirmed around the world. This study explores the relationship of fasting blood glucose (FBG) at admission with mortality. Methods In this retrospective, single-center study, we analyzed the clinical characteristics of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wu Han from 29 January 2020 to 23 February 2020. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between FBG and mortality. Results A total of 107 patients were enrolled in our study. The average age was 59.49 ± 13.33 and the FBG at admission was 7.35 ± 3.13 mmol/L. There were 16 people died of COVID-19 with an average age 68.1 ± 9.5 and the FBG was 8.94 ± 4.76 mmol/L. Regression analysis showed that there were significant association between FBG and death (HR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.02-1.24). After adjusting for covariables, the significance still exists. In addition, our result showed that FBG > 7.0 mmol/L or diabetic mellitus can significantly increase mortality after adjusting for the age and gender. Conclusions This study suggests that FBG at admission is an effective and reliable indicator for disease prognosis in COVID-19 patients.

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Peran Tindakan Revaskularisasi terhadap Kesintasan Pasien Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jpdi.v1i1.34 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

Gerie Amarendra ◽

Lukman H Makmun ◽

Dono Antono ◽

Esthika Dewiasty

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

St Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽

Rank Test ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Hazard Regression ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Log Rank Test ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

St Elevation ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Pendahuluan. Pengaruh revaskularisasi terhadap kesintasan pasien non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) masih belum jelas. Waktu revaskularisasi yang optimal pada pasien NSTEMI belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh revaskularisasi terhadap kesintasan pasien NSTEMI, juga mengetahui pengaruh waktu revaskularisasi terhadap kesintasan pasien NSTEMI.Metode. Penelitian dengan disain kohort retrospektif dilakukan terhadap 300 pasien non ST elevation myocardial infarction yang dirawat di RSUPNCM pada kurun waktu Desember 2006-Maret 2011. Data klinis, laboratorium, elektrokardiografi (EKG), ekokardiografi, dan angiografi koroner dikumpulkan. Pasien yang telah terhitung enam bulan setelah onset kemudian dihubungi melalui telepon untuk melihat status mortalitasnya. Perbedaan kesintasan revaskularisasi ditampilkan dalam kurva Kaplan Meier dan perbedaan kesintasan diantara dua kelompok diuji dengan Log-rank test dengan batas kemaknaan <0,05, serta analisis multivariat dengan Cox proportional hazard regression untuk menghitung adjusted hazard ratio (dan interval kepercayaan 95%) antara pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani terapi medikamentosa dan revaskularisasi terhadap kelompok medikamentosa dengan memasukkan variabel perancu.Hasil. Terdapat perbedaan kesintasan yang bermakna pada uji log rank (p<0,001) antara pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani revaskularisasi dan terapi medikamentosa saja dengan crude HR 0,19 (IK95% 0,11-0,34) dan fully adjusted HR 0,33 (IK95% 0,17-0,64). Faktor perancu yang bermakna adalah penurunan fungsi ginjal dan syok kardiogenik. Pada analisis kesintasan berdasarkan waktu revaskularisasi tidak didapatkan perbedaan kesintasan antara pasien yang menjalani revaskularisasi < 1 minggu, 1-2 minggu, 2-3 minggu, 3-4 minggu, 4-5 minggu dengan p=0,853.Simpulan. Kesintasan enam bulan pasien NSTEMI yang menjalani terapi medikamentosa dan revaskularisasi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan terapi medikamentosa saja. Tidak terdapat perbedaan kesintasan enam bulan pasien NSTEMI berdasarkan waktu revaskularisasi.

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