scholarly journals Egalitarianism to gender inequality: Cross-cultural exploration of gender relations, in economic systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (16) ◽  
pp. 649-667
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu T. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Subsistence Activities

Gender inequality has generated a lot of debates among scholars across disciplines. Much of these studies have not explored a robust scholarship on the historical development of gender inequality by comparing different human societies and their subsistence strategies. This review study is designed to fill this gap, thereby contributing to corpus of literature on gender inequality in economic relations. As a historical research, the study uses secondary materials. These materials are mainly ethnographies of the societies under comparison. The study compares the roles of each of the gender categories in subsistence activities, in economic systems, to trace the sources of gender inequality in economic relations. Data available suggest egalitarian gender and economic relations. However, as societies evolved, there became a gradual decline in egalitarianism, leading to marked inequality. The inequality is relative to the complexity of social structure peculiar to the societies under review.

Transformation of global economic systems as a conseguence of the pandemic COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Nikolay Vladimirovich Novichkov ◽  
Ekaterina Andreevna Savchenko ◽  
Alexandra Vladimirovna Novichkova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Very High

The article reveals the features of the transformation of global economic systems caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The nature, namely, transformational changes, the basic characteristic of which is the acquisition of new properties and manifestations, has been substantiated. Separately, attention is focused on the fact that transformational changes will be of a long-term nature, which will be observed even after overcoming the coronavirus pandemic. The relevance of this direction seems to be very high, since changes in the global economic world will be extremely signifi cant. The article also identifi es some areas of transformational changes (regionalism, new content of economic systems, their restructuring, the emergence of online solutions, etc.). Separately, the work analyzes the consequences of transformation in a number of signifi cant global economic systems: global fi nance, tourism, transport, entertainment industry, food markets, migration fl ows, etc. In addition, the need to search for new content in the functioning and development of international economic associations is indicated. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions and consequences of the transformation of global economic systems. The research tasks are reduced to substantiating the content of global economic systems; identifying areas of general transformational changes in the world economy; the designation of the directions and consequences of the transformation of certain global industries, markets, economic processes. Research subject: global economic relations. Research object: global economic systems. Research methods: systems approach, statistical method, modeling method. Research results. The main types of global economic systems are formulated; the directions of transformation of global economic systems are revealed; the global economic systems in which the transformational changes have occurred most clearly and signifi cantly; formulated possible contours of the functioning and development of global economic systems after the end of the coronavirus epidemic; directions that require special attention in the development of the global economy are proposed.

THE “LAND OF FISH”: RECONSTRUCTING THE ANCIENT AQUATIC LIFEWAY IN MICHOACÁN, WESTERN MEXICO

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Eduardo Williams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Subsistence Strategies ◽  
Western Mexico ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Lake Patzcuaro Basin ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Aquatic Landscapes ◽  
Written Sources

Abstract This article deals with the cultural activities linked to subsistence in aquatic environments (fishing, hunting, gathering, and manufacture) in Michoacán from ca. a.d. 1540 to the present. First, I present an ethnohistorical account of aquatic landscapes and resources based on the major written sources from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries. Second, I discuss the extant ethnographic information about subsistence activities in the Lake Pátzcuaro Basin (Michoacán) during the twentieth century. Finally, I discuss the archaeological implications of all the information presented here, through an ethnoarchaeological analysis of the subsistence strategies and the material culture associated with the aquatic lifeway in the study area. The main goal of this study is to provide bridging arguments for the reconstruction and interpretation (through analogy) of the archaeological assemblages associated with production and consumption activities in aquatic landscapes within the Tarascan region and elsewhere in Mesoamerica.

scholarly journals Road block(chain): bit(coin)s for tourism sustainable development goals?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Tham ◽  
Marianna Sigala
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Relational Capabilities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the disrupting usage and impacts of blockchains and cryptocurrencies and advocate their role as enablers of sustainable tourism development goals. Design/methodology/approach Literature on blockchains and cryptocurrencies is critically synthesized, debated and expanded to identify and discuss their implications toward sustainable tourism futures. Findings As a distributive digital ledger, blockchains have the potential to create a more inclusive tourism future to address debates around tourism as a vehicle for sustainable development that alludes to value accruing to only certain providers and consumers. Blockchains and their cryptocurrencies (as a financial transaction capability) elevate trust and relational capabilities in an expedited and holistic manner, democratize participation in economic systems and re-distribute power and economic relations amongst actors by influencing the way data (the currency of the digital economy and the lifeblood of tourism) is collected, stored, exchange, owned and traded for co-creating value. Research limitations/implications The paper is conceptual and speculative by identifying ways in which blockchain and cryptocurrencies can support sustainable tourism development goals. Directions for future research are provided for further elaborating and collecting primary evidence on whether the premise and applications of these technologies can deliver the acclaimed sustainable impacts. Originality/value The paper contributes to the emerging but controversial literature about the trajectories between technology and sustainability by critically debating on how blockchains, through cryptocurrency economies, can be positioned to facilitate sustainable tourism futures.

scholarly journals Culture’s Influence on the Design and Delivery of the Marketing Mix Elements in Tourism and Hospitality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11630
Author(s):  
Erdogan Koc ◽  
Ahu Yazici Ayyildiz
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sales Promotions ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Intercultural Research ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Almost All

This review study presents intercultural research findings relating to elements or aspects of the marketing mix (7Ps) in tourism and hospitality. The study aims to present a comprehensive and compact document on almost all cultural variables/characteristics and all marketing mix elements based on data collected from a wide range of countries supported by several research studies. It is believed that the study will have significant value for researchers, practitioners, and students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, as at present there is no compact and comprehensive document that brings together research findings to establish a cumulative or overall cross-cultural understanding of the design and delivery of the tourism and hospitality marketing mix elements. Currently, studies on culture and tourism and hospitality mainly focus only on one or few cultural variables/dimensions, one or few countries, and one marketing mix element, or various sub-elements of the marketing mix, e.g., sales promotions or advertisements under the promotion element.

scholarly journals Women in Public Space: Socio-cultural and Political Undertones in Sudraka’s Mrcchakatika

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Jai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Women Characters ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Economic Relations

Any work of art directly or indirectly is a product of contemporary society. Sudraka’s Mrcchakatikais an amalgam of the extremely complex socio-cultural circumstances, economic relations of their society, and cross-cultural influences of Greek presence in India. This confluence of various forces is visible in Sudraka’s delineation of women characters especially Ganikas. Construction of woman persona i.e. Vasantasena is as per the theories of art and popular notions prevalent in those days however she does not conform to the tradition wholly, in many respects she challenges the accepted norm of the women prevalent in those days.

Inflasi Berdasarkan Pandangan M. Umer Chapra

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridha
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Moral Improvement ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Socialist Economic ◽  
Islamic Financial Institutions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collection Methods

According to Islamic economists, inflation has very bad effect on the economy because it disruptions of money function, weakens of saving’s spirit, decreases the production of goods, and weakens of purchasing power. Inflation also attracted the attention of M. Umer Chapra as a Muslim economist. This study to analyze M. Umer Chapra's opinion on inflation. This research with qualitative approach of historical research, which examines history of the character which includes ideas, thoughts, and things that influence the formation of his thoughts. Data collection methods is using library research with the object about Chapra’s thoughts relating to inflation, traced through his works. Chapra thought is a blend of traditional science, religion and modern economics. The results concluded that his thinking was dominated by macroeconomics because he was involved in the world economy, monetary policy, Islamic financial institutions which were more emphasized by the central bank, policies and inflation problems. Chapra's view of efforts to suppress inflation is the need for price stability and strategy. The disadvantage is that in a tolerant attitude towards western financial instruments, it must emphasize moral improvement for the course of fair economy as the solution to the failure of the capitalist and socialist economic systems.

Financial Flows Matrix — a Tool for Implementing the Country’s Economic Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Ageev ◽  
◽  
Al’bert R. Bakhtizin ◽  
Nafisa V. Bakhtizina ◽  
Badri Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Interregional Trade ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Regions

The article discusses a promising and well-proven tool for analyzing economic relations in socio-economic systems, which is actively used all over the world — the matrix of financial flows. The paper identifies the main areas of its application and briefly describes the history of its development in the world and specifically for Russia. The author also features the process of constructing a matrix for 12 economic regions of our country by types of economic activity. In the course of filling with statistical data the problem of assessing the volume of interregional trade was identified, which made it necessary to undertake an additional research, the results of which are presented in the article. In conclusion an example of practical use of the constructed matrix as an independent tool, as well as part of a more complex economic and mathematical model, is demonstrated.

Justice and the Wealth of Nations I

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Dan Moller
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Global Institutions ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
Default Position ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

This chapter argues that recent economic growth represents a species-historical phenomenon that philosophers writing in political economy must not neglect, and one which raises difficult questions for critics of capitalism. It further argues that criticisms of capitalist-style economic systems are mistaken to focus on global poverty. For the most part, this poverty reflects the default position of nations that have not stumbled onto economic growth yet. Alternative accounts grounded in imperialism or imperfect global institutions neglect key structural facts about economic growth. These include its long-term development, its cross-cultural character, and its independence from the onset/ending of practices like imperialism and slavery. The causes of growth with these characteristics are unlikely to be morally suspect.

Economic development as a change of qualitatively different systems of social and economic relations: To a critique of “pan-institutionalism” and “ideational” approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandеr V. Buzgalin ◽  
Andrey I. Kolganov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The paper shows that now the mainstream of the economic theory is in crisis losing the heuristic potential. There is some positive potential of the institutional approach that is close to (without admitting it) a number of methodological approaches in Marxist political economy (allocation of objective determinants of economic behavior, an implied confession of existence of similar economic systems, emphasis on property relations, etc.) and goes farther than neoclassics. The “ failures” of institutionalism are specified, and it is emphasized that in a number of points (especially, in exaggerating the role of institutions — political, in particular — as bases of economic changes) the criticism of R. I. Kapelyushnikov’s “pan-institutionalism” is justified but positive proposals of the author, the “ideational” approach, are themselves subject to criticism. The conclusion is drawn that active discussions concerning the methodology and paradigmatic foundations bases of economic theory are on the agenda.

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