scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and associated risk factors in southwest, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
O.A. Adesina ◽  
O.C. Shodunke ◽  
O.O. Adedara ◽  
A.O. Oluyege
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Ongoing Infection ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Hepatitis E is one of the most frequent causes of acute hepatitis worldwide, with an estimated 20 million infections and 70,000 deaths attributed to hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 every year. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) in southwest (SW) Nigeria. Venous blood samples totalling 359 were collected from pregnant women on routine check, apparently healthy prospective blood donors and sick individuals presenting with fever and abdominal disturbance from health facilities in Ekiti, Lagos, Osun and Oyo states, of Nigeria. A structured questionnaire form was administered to gather socio-demographic data, health and travel history from each consenting participant. The screening for HEV IgM was done using HEV IgM ELISA kit. Statistical analyses, including descriptive analysis, correlations and binary logistic regression were carried out using SPSS version 21. In all, 131 samples (36.5%) tested positive for HEV IgM. Osun state had the highest occurrence of HEV IgM (n = 49; 13.6%,) while Ekiti had the least (n= 22; 6.1%). Apparently healthy participants with detectable HEV IgM were 52 (14.5%) while pregnant womenwere 51 (14.2%). Risk factors implicated in this study were flooding and injection drug use. The overall HEV prevalence reported in this study was higher than previous reports in Nigeria . Higher HEV prevalence in this study could be due to a larger coverage area in the country as well as detection of ongoing infection. The detection of HEV IgM in pregnant women and apparently healthy prospective blood donors indicated ongoing infection with risk of spread to susceptibles since HEV is neither routinely screened for among pregnant women nor among prospective blood donors. Keywords: Hepatitis E, IgM, Pregnancy, Apparently healthy, ELISA Depth, Geothermal Energy

scholarly journals Case–Control Study of Risk Factors for Acquired Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, United Kingdom, 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661
Author(s):  
Iona Smith ◽  
Bengü Said ◽  
Aisling Vaughan ◽  
Becky Haywood ◽  
Samreen Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Low Hepatitis E virus prevalence among blood donor in Dali in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Fu ◽  
Baochai Lin ◽  
Bingting Wu ◽  
Ling Ke ◽  
Tianfu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Positive Rate

Abstract BACKGROUND: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped RNA virus causing Hepatitis E worldwide. An increasing transfusion transmission cases of HEV infections from asymptomatic blood donors which causing serious illnesses in immunosuppressed recipients have been reported in the past few years. China is one of the highly prevalent regions of HEV, it is important to evaluate the risk of HEV transmission from blood transfusion. METHODS: A total of 1864 serum samples from blood donors and demographic characteristics were randomly collected from Feb to Mar 2018 in Dali city. Anti-HEV IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies and HEV antigen were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was detected by real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to examine risk factors associated with HEV prevalence.RESULTS: Overall, the positive rate of anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies was 13.36% (249/1864), 1.13%(21/1864), and 1.82%(34/1864), respectively. However, none of the 1864 serum samples was detected as HEV antigen-positive nor HEV RNA positive. The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG antibody is high as 28.57% (2/7) in the donors with isolated elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Females (16.69%) had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence than males (13.04%) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34 [95% CI, 1.02-1.75]). Other ethnic minority (24.32%) and Bai (18.85%) donors had a significantly higher HEV seroprevalence when compared to Han (12.21%) blood donors (odds ratio [OR], 2.25 [95% CI, 1.04-4.88] for other ethnic minority, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.24-2.19] for Bai). Conclusions: Dali, Yunnan province, China is an endemic region f of hepatitis E virus, and women, Bai and other ethnic minorities may be potential risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection.. The risk of transmission of hepatitis E virus through blood transfusion is relatively low, and the specific risk value needs to be further tested by expanding the sample size. Whether to formulate the strategy for HEV screening in blood center needed further researched.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in health facilities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 1364-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selam Niguse ◽  
Haftamu Hailekiros ◽  
Gerezgiher Buruh ◽  
Tadese Dejene ◽  
Nega Berhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Northern Ethiopia

Hepatitis E virus genotyping in Pakistan: a regional study to explore the implications for pregnant females

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Nadeem ◽  
Tahir Ahmad ◽  
Salik Javed Kakar ◽  
Fazal Adnan ◽  
Sadia Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Diagnostic Center

Aim: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has different genotypes 1–4, which is generally associated with mild to severe complications among immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. Materials & methods: Immunoglobulin M (IgM) HEV-positive samples were collected from the diagnostic center. HEV infection was further confirmed by RT-based PCR and genotyping was done to affirm the prevailing genotype. Results: This study identified 28 patients from Islamabad who were confirmed to have immunoglobulins type M against HEV showing acute infection, of which 17 were pregnant and 11 were non-pregnant women. All pregnant women were in their third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: Genotype-1 is commonly associated with pregnant females presenting with HEV infections in Islamabad. There is a need to further identify both the sources & route of infections.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Plateau State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. VRT.S15422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surajudeen A. Junaid ◽  
Samuel E. Agina ◽  
Khadijah A. Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Animal Handlers

A cross-sectional study in Nigeria was undertaken to determine the epidemiology, seroprevalence, and associated risk factors, of hepatitis E virus (HEV). A total of 462 subjects were used for the study, categorized into four groups: apparently healthy persons, pregnant women, HIV positive subjects, and animal handlers. Information was obtained from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HEV antibodies (IgG and IgM) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 statistical software. The overall seroprevalence of IgG and IgM was 42.7 and 0.9%, respectively. Animal handlers had the highest seroprevalence (66.7%). The associated risk factors for IgM seroprevalence were rural dwelling ( P = 0.039, odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7–15.4), blood transfusion ( P < 0.001, OR 9.6, 95% CI 2.6–35.6), attending to animals ( P = 0.032, OR 4.9, 95% CI 0.9–26.6), and waste disposal ( P < 0.001). Factors associated with IgG were age ( P = 0.044), location ( P < 0.001), marital status ( P < 0.001), formal education ( P < 0.001), farming as occupation ( P < 0.001), rural dwelling ( P = 0.001), waste disposal ( P < 0.001), alcohol consumption ( P = 0.001, OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.0), open defecation ( P < 0.001, OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.4–5.7), attending to animals ( P < 0.001, OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6–3.4), consuming unwashed fruits/vegetables ( P < 0.001, OR 4.2, 95% CI 0.3–54.1), and stream/river as a source of drinking water ( P < 0.001, OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6–7.8). Preventive public health measures should be reinforced among all communities, particularly domestic animal handlers and pregnant women. Potable water should be provided for all communities. Data suggest that HEV remains an under-recognized and significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection among pregnant women in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e0191685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah ◽  
Yaw Asante Awuku ◽  
Joseph Adu ◽  
Faustina Pappoe ◽  
Evans Obboh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cape Coast

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E Virus infection among pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. e0180078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseret Abebe ◽  
Ibrahim Ali ◽  
Samuel Ayele ◽  
Johakim Overbo ◽  
Abraham Aseffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hepatitis E
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